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Biomedical subjects

S Nagano

Publications and source records attributed to S Nagano.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The impact of hepatitis C virus infection on liver disease in renal transplant recipients.

To assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in renal transplant recipients and its impact on posttransplant liver disease, the sera from 176 recipients who had been followed for 1-20 years (mean 8.3 years) were tested for HCV-specific antibody using enzyme immunoassay. HCV-specific antibody was detected in 53 patients (30.1%) including 2 patients also positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Among 167 HBsAg-negative patients, the presence of HCV-specific antibody was associated with an increased incidence of chemically significant hepatitis (70.6% vs. 9.5% in anti-HCV-negative patients, P < 0.01). Hepatitis was more likely to be chronic in anti-HCV-positive patients than in anti-HCV-negative patients (P<0.05). Serious liver disease developed in 4 of 51 anti-HCV-positive, HBsAg-negative patients: liver failure causing death in 3 and hepatoma in 1. Liver biopsy specimens from anti-HCV-positive patients showed more aggressive histological lesions compared with those from anti-HCV-negative patients. We conclude that HCV infection is quite prevalent in our renal transplant recipients and plays a major role in posttransplant chronic liver disease.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1994

Fluvastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, suppresses very low-density lipoprotein secretion in puromycin aminonucleoside-nephrotic rats.

The effects of fluvastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on the hyperlipidemia associated with nephrosis were studied. Nephrotic rats, induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (100 mg/kg body weight), had significantly higher plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol and apoprotein (apo) B concentrations than controls. Fluvastatin was administrated as a 0.01% solution in drinking water for 14 days to either normal control or nephrotic rats. Concentrations of TG and apo B in plasma, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in nephrosis were completely normalized by the treatment with fluvastatin, but concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and each lipoprotein fraction were not altered by the treatment. The ratio of apo E to C in VLDL was significantly decreased in nephrotic rats, but the fluvastatin treatment increased this ratio. TG secretion rate estimated by the Triton WR1339 method was significantly increased in nephrotic rats, but was normalized by fluvastatin. Percent composition of TG in newly secreted VLDL particles in post-Triton plasma was not decreased by fluvastatin treatment, suggesting that the number of newly secreted VLDL particles was reduced by the treatment. Postheparin plasma lipolytic activities were not affected by the fluvastatin treatment. These results demonstrate that fluvastatin can effectively ameliorate the high concentration of VLDL by suppressing the hepatic secretion in nephrotic rats, and suggest that an inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis suppresses VLDL secretion from the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones using the Dornier lithotriptor MFL5000.

A total of 157 ureteral stones in 150 patients were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using the Dornier lithotriptor MFL5000. Stones were treated in situ in 149 cases and with a double-J ureteral stent bypass in 8 cases due to large stone burden or failure of the preceding in situ ESWL. The average number of ESWL sessions and shock waves were 1.6 and 4,446, respectively. Multiple sessions were required in 58 cases (36.9%) for satisfactory fragmentation. At a 3-month follow-up, 91.7% of the cases treated by in situ ESWL and 50% of those treated with a stent bypass were rendered stone-free, achieving an overall stone-free rate of 89.4%. Ureteroscopic extraction or open ureterolithotomy was performed in 4 cases with an impacted stone for the removal of the residual fragments. No serious complications related to ESWL were observed. In situ ESWL is an effective and noninvasive method of treating ureteral stones. Large and/or impacted stones can also be successfully treated by ESWL with or without a stent bypass, but ureteroscopic or surgical procedures may be necessary to salvage fragments packed in the ureteral edema.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Circulatory and plasma catecholamine responses to mental stress in young subjects with two different types of hypertension.

To determine whether any differences exist between young male subjects with elevated diastolic and systolic blood pressure (BP) and those with only an elevated systolic BP, the responses of BP and plasma catecholamines to a mental arithmetic test were studied in 11 young men (mean age of nineteen years) with BP of > or = 140/90 mm Hg at a routine health check-up (group I-hypertension [HT]), 26 age-matched men with only elevated systolic BP (> or = 140 mm Hg) (group II-HT), and 12 age-matched normotensive (NT) men (< 140/90 mm Hg). During an arithmetic test, group I-HT showed a significantly higher increment of systolic BP (+14.5-18.0%) than group II-HT (+9.3-10.2%) and NT controls (+6.4-8.2%). However, no significant difference in BP response was seen between group II-HT and NT controls. Plasma norepinephrine in group I-HT showed a significant increase after the test, (171 +/- 23-->202 +/- 27 pg/mL), whereas group II-HT and NT controls showed no change. No significant difference occurred in epinephrine response among the three groups. These results suggest that the young male subjects with screening BP above 140/90 mm Hg are hyperreactive to a mental stress as compared with subjects with only elevated systolic BP or NT controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Increased urinary dopamine excretion in young patients with essential hypertension.

The evidence that some older patients with essential hypertension have low urinary dopamine excretion has brought into question the levels of urinary dopamine and plasma dopa, the major source of urinary dopamine, in young patients with essential hypertension. Twenty-four-hour urine sodium, creatinine, dopamine and noradrenaline and plasma dopa were evaluated in 48 patients with essential hypertension aged 18 to 27 years and 25 normotensive subjects. In comparison with age-matched normotensive subjects, the hypertensive patients had higher urinary dopamine (1920 +/- 80 vs 1520 +/- 130 nmol/day, p < 0.01) and noradrenaline (216 +/- 11 vs 179 +/- 12 nmol/day, p < 0.05) excretion. There was a significant correlation between urinary dopamine and noradrenaline excretion. There was no difference in plasma dopa levels between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. These results suggest that the elevated conversion of dopa to dopamine in the kidney is leading to increased urinary dopamine excretion in young patients with essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Existence of 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroperoxycholest-5-en-3 beta-ols in lipoproteins from diabetic patients and normal subjects.

We report evidence for the presence of 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroperoxycholest-5-en-3 beta-ols (cholesterol 7-hydroperoxides, Ch 7 alpha-OOH and Ch 7 beta-OOH, respectively) in human plasma lipoproteins in vivo, which had been reported to be markers of aging in rat skin. A comparative study was carried out focusing on the detection of Ch 7-OOHs in plasma lipoproteins from diabetic patients whose plasma has been suggested to be under high oxidative stress. Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers (control) and diabetics with and without hypercholesterolemia. Ch 7-OOHs were isolated from low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively) in the plasma of these subjects, identified, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chemiluminescence detector. The percent detection of Ch 7-OOHs in LDL from diabetics without hypercholesterolemia was similar to that in the control group. However, it was significantly higher in diabetics with hypercholesterolemia than in those without hypercholesterolemia. The percent detection of Ch 7-OOHs in HDL from diabetics without hypercholesterolemia was higher than both that in LDL from the same group and that in HDL from the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Expression of integrin molecule in urological tumor cell lines by using RT-PCR method].

Integrins are heterodimer molecule that are composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit. Integrins appear to be the major receptors by which cells attach to extracellular matrices, and some integrins also mediate important cell-cell adhesion event. In recent years signaling pathway via beta subunit of integrin molecule has been clarified, and 8 kinds of integrin beta subunit are known to exist. And so we investigated the expression of integrin beta subunit in various urological tumor cell lines by using RT-PCR method. Materials are composed of 8 renal cell carcinoma cell lines, 2 urinary bladder carcinoma cell lines, a testicular tumor cell line and a prostate tumor cell line. All 12 cell lines express integrin beta 1 subunit. The expression rate of beta 4 subunit in renal cell carcinoma lines are lower than that in other urological tumor cell lines. The expression of beta 6 subunit was observed in renal cell carcinoma cell lines and testicular tumor line. In testicular tumor cell line we also found the expression of beta 2 subunit which expression had been believed to be specific in leukocyte.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy for upper urinary tract stones using the Dornier lithotriptor MFL5000].

A total of 345 cases of upper urinary tract stones (188 renal and 157 ureteral stones) were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy using the Dornier lithotriptor MFL5000. Of these cases 294 (85.2%) had stones less than 20 mm in length. A double-J ureteral stent was placed in 40 cases of renal stones and 8 ureteral stones due to large stone burden or failure of in situ ESWL for impacted stones. Epidural or spinal anesthesia was necessary in 32 cases to maximize the generator voltage or to prevent intractable pain. The number of ESWL sessions and shock waves increased in accordance with the stone size, with an average of 1.6 and 4442, respectively. Multiple sessions were required in 68 cases of renal stones (36.2%) and 59 of ureteral stones (37.6%). With a 3-month follow-up, the stone-free rate was 60.5% for renal stones and 89.4% for ureteral stones, with the overall stone-free rate of 74.7%. Including the cases with residual fragments less than 4 mm, ESWL monotherapy was successful for 86.4% of renal stones and 93.6% of ureteral stones, achieving the overall success rate of 89.9%. No serious complications related to ESWL were observed. Four cases of impacted ureteral stones underwent ureteroscopic extraction or open ureterolithotomy for fragment removal. ESWL monotherapy using the Dornier MFL5000 is an effective and noninvasive method of treating upper urinary tract stones. Satisfactory fragmentation and clearance can be achieved with multiple sessions even for large or impacted stones, but alternative procedures may be necessary to salvage fragments of impacted stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Relation of home blood pressure to body weight in young normotensive men with or without family history of hypertension.

We investigated the relation between home blood pressure (BP) and body weight in 38 young normotensive men (mean age, 16 years) whose parents were normotensive (PNT group) and 34 age- and sex-matched normotensive men, one or both of whose parents were hypertensive (PHT group). Although causal BP measurements were similar in both groups, home systolic BP was significantly higher in the PHT group (123 +/- 1 mm Hg) than in the PNT group (116 +/- 1 mm Hg). Body weight was significantly greater in the PHT group (66.0 +/- 1.4 v 61.8 +/- 1.3 kg, P < .05) and body mass index (BMI) was not significantly higher in the PHT group (22.4 +/- 0.5 v 21.3 +/- 0.5 kg/m2, P = .09). Body weight (r = 0.38) and BMI (r = 0.42) were significantly correlated with home systolic BP in the PHT group. There were no differences in serum lipid or uric acid concentrations between the two groups. Our results showed that young normotensive subjects with a genetic predisposition to hypertension weighed more and had higher home systolic BPs compared with subjects without a family history of hypertension. Our observations further indicated a close relationship between a family history of hypertension and increased body weight, even in young normotensive men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A case of allograft rejection induced by the interferon-alpha therapy to hepatitis type C after renal transplantation].

We report a case of renal allograft rejection induced by the administration of interferon-alpha for hepatitis type C in a 36-year-old male. In September 1986, renal transplantation from his brother was performed after a 6-month delay because of his liver dysfunction. In October 1992, under the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis type C, interferon alpha therapy was administered. Although his liver function was normalized during the treatment, proteinuria turned positive after 8 weeks of the therapy. Fourteen weeks after the start of interferon alpha therapy, the serum creatinine level was elevated, which was diagnosed clinically as a rejection reaction. We first discontinued the medication of interferon alpha and administered steroid pulse injection. As the renal disfunction did not respond to our first treatment, we changed mizoribine to azathioprine and added horse antilymphocyte immunoglobulin. Two weeks later, the creatinine level improved from 2.5 mg/dl to 2.0 mg/dl. The pathological findings of the transplanted kidney were acute on chronic type rejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Roles of proximal ligand in heme proteins: replacement of proximal histidine of human myoglobin with cysteine and tyrosine by site-directed mutagenesis as models for P-450, chloroperoxidase, and catalase.

Histidine-93(F8) in human myoglobin (Mb), which is the proximal ligand of the heme iron, has been replaced with cysteine or tyrosine by site-directed mutagenesis. The resultant proximal cysteine and tyrosine mutant Mbs (H93C and H93Y Mbs, respectively) exhibit the altered axial ligation analogous to P-450, chloroperoxidase, and catalase. Coordination of cysteine or tyrosine to the ferric heme iron is confirmed by spectroscopic measurements including electronic absorption, hyperfine-shifted 1H-NMR, EPR, resonance Raman spectroscopies, and redox potential measurements of ferric/ferrous couple. H93C Mb is five-coordinate ferric high-spin with the proximal cysteine. H93Y Mb bearing the proximal tyrosine ligated to the iron is also in a ferric high-spin, five-coordinate state. The reactions of the mutants with cumene hydroperoxide show that the thiolate ligand enhances heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of the oxidant, while the phenolate ligand hardly affects the heterolysis/homolysis ratio for O-O bond scission in comparison with wild-type Mb. Monooxygenase activities such as epoxidation of styrene and N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline, and catalase activity (dismutation of hydrogen peroxide) by wild-type Mb and the mutants, are examined by using H2O2. The increase of the catalytic activities by the mutation was, at most, 5-fold in the epoxidation reaction.

Benzene Derivatives↗
PubMed1992

Early diagnosis of kidney transplant rejection and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity by urine cytology.

A total of 2000 urine samples from 53 kidney transplant recipients were studied to develop a routine method for the early diagnosis of rejection and cyclosporin (CSA) nephrotoxicity in urine. New-Sternheimer staining and an immunocytochemical technique were used together with classical Papanicolaou staining to differentiate cells in the urine. After cell count and differentiation of second morning urine samples with New-Sternheimer and Papanicolaou stains, immunocytochemistry was performed using antibodies against the following antigens: CD2, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD71 (transferrin receptor), HLA-DR and cytokeratin (Lu-5). Cell counts were obtained for the positively-reacting cells per millilitre of urine. By New-Sternheimer and Papanicolaou staining, CSA nephrotoxicity was characterized by the predominance of proximal tubular cells. During rejection episodes, increased numbers of mononuclear cells and renal epithelial cells were found. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a significant increase in CD2-, CD4-, CD8-, CD25-, CD71-, and HLA-DR-positive epithelial cells and in the ratio HLA-DR/cytokeratin-positive epithelial cells in rejection. CD25-positive cells had the highest sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of rejection. Our urine cytology technique proved to be a useful and non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of rejection and CSA nephrotoxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Leisure time physical activity and insulin resistance in young obese students with hypertension.

To investigate the hypothesis that insulin resistance plays a role in the etiology of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, we measured serum lipid levels, the fasting glucose/insulin ratio, and the insulin response to oral glucose (GTT) in a group of young obese subjects (n = 21) with hypertension and normal glucose tolerance and in normotensive subjects (n = 36) with normal glucose tolerance, matched for age and body mass index. Leisure time physical activity was evaluated by a questionnaire outlining three levels of physical activities during leisure time. Subjects with hypertension had higher fasting serum insulin (19 +/- 2 v 13 +/- 1 microU/mL, P < .01) and lower fasting glucose/insulin ratio (5.3 +/- 0.2 v 7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/dL/microU/mL, P < .01) than normotensive subjects. Subjects with hypertension had higher peak serum insulin and lower plasma glucose area/insulin area ratio in response to glucose (1.8 +/- 0.2 v 2.4 +/- 0.2 mg/dL/microU/mL, P < .05) than normotensive subjects. Serum total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, and triglycerides were higher in the obese hypertensive subjects than in obese normotensive ones. Blood pressure correlated with either fasting serum insulin, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, or glucose area/insulin area ratio during GTT. The level of leisure time physical activities was lower in obese hypertensive subjects than in obese normotensive ones. There were significant correlations between the levels of physical activity and the fasting plasma glucose/insulin ratio (r = 0.371, P < .01) or the fasting serum insulin concentration (r = -0.282, P < .05). The study provided evidence that a low level of leisure time physical activity is associated with insulin resistance and resultant hyperinsulinemia, which are the key metabolic abnormalities that link hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia in young subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical statistics on inpatients admitted to the Department of Urology, Hyogo Prefectural Hospital Nishinomiya during 20 years from 1972 to 1991].

A statistic analysis was carried out on the 4,956 inpatients admitted to our Department of Urology from April 1972 to December 1991. The patients included 3,399 males and 1,557 females. A total of 4,105 operations including 255 renal allotransplantations were performed on 3,590 patients. Open surgery for upper urinary tract stones has been replaced by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the last three years.

Adult↗