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Biomedical subjects

S N Misra

Publications and source records attributed to S N Misra.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

AIDS in India: recent trends in opportunistic infections.

The first case of AIDS in India was reported in 1986. Subsequently, a surveillance system was developed in 1987. The data from this surveillance activity suggest that the HIV infection has now spread to the general population and to all parts of the country, except Arunachal Pradesh in North-eastern India. With the changing scenario of the AIDS epidemic, a host of opportunistic infections add to the present endemic state of some already existing infections like tuberculosis. This report analyses the AIDS cases in India, reported to the National AIDS Control Organization over the years between 1986 to 1997. A total of 3,551 AIDS cases had been reported till 31st May 1997. Tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) is the major opportunistic infection affecting 62% of the cases followed by candidiasis seen in 57% of the patients. In 1997, of the 390 AIDS cases analysed, tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) accounted for 56.5% of the total cases whereas candidiasis was seen in 61% of the cases. An increasing trend was observed with tuberculosis from 58% in 1986-1992 to 68.5% in 1995. No trend could be established in the case of candidiasis, though, a high prevalence of 66% was seen in the cases between 1986 and 1992. An increase was also observed in cases of PCP, cerebral toxoplasmosis and Kaposi sarcoma. In the AIDS cases, chronic diarrhea (76%), weight loss (87%) and fever (85%) appeared to be the major presenting symptoms. But, of the 390 AIDS cases reported in 1997, only 47% of them were suffering from chronic diarrhea. With increase in the number of AIDS cases, India is burdened with a dual epidemic of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. The National AIDS Control Organization in India, is involved in training clinicians and laboratory personnel in the diagnosis and management of the AIDS cases. With better diagnosis of the opportunistic infections, especially diarrhea, in AIDS patients, a better picture will emerge regarding the opportunistic infections which would help clinicians and health planners to tackle the AIDS epidemic in a more effective manner.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Facial neuroma of the cerebellopontine angle and the internal auditory canal.

Four cases of facial neuroma confined to the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal are presented. Prior to surgery, three of these were diagnosed as an acoustic tumor. At operation the true diagnosis of facial neuroma was made. The operative procedure was recorded on film and videotape. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed retrospectively. In the first three cases the tumor was not centered on the axis of the internal auditory canal (IAC), as would be typical of an acoustic neuroma, but instead occupied a position eccentric to this axis. In one case, this eccentricity was marked. A similar appearance in the fourth case enabled the true diagnosis of facial neuroma to be made before surgery. The postoperative behavior of the tumors was unpredictable. The patient with the largest tumor, which was debulked at operation, did not develop a facial palsy. However, a patient with a small tumor which was not biopsied, developed a delayed but complete paralysis from which she subsequently recovered. This small series suggests that it may be possible, by use of the appropriate imaging technique, to diagnose, preoperatively, a cerebellopontine angle facial neuroma which is otherwise indistinguishable from an acoustic neuroma.

Cerebellopontine Angle↗
PubMed1992

Interactions of praseodymium and neodymium with nucleosides and nucleotides: absorption difference and comparative absorption spectral study.

The interactions of praseodymium(III) and neodymium(III) with nucleosides and nucleotides have been studied in different stoichiometry in water and water-DMF mixtures by employing absorption difference and comparative absorption spectrophotometry. The 4f-4f bands were analysed by linear curve analysis followed by gaussian curve analysis, and various spectral parameters were computed, using partial and multiple regression method. The magnitude of changes in both energy interaction and intensity were used to explore the degree of outer and inner sphere coordination, incidence of covalency and the extent of metal 4f-orbital involvement in chemical bonding. Crystalline complexes of the type [Ln(nucleotide)2(H2O)2]- (where nucleotide--GMP or IMP) were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR data. These studies indicated that the binding of the nucleotide is through phosphate oxygen in a bidentate manner and the complexes undergo substantial ionisation in aqueous medium, thereby supporting the observed weak 4f-4f bands and lower values for nephelauxetic effect (1-beta), bonding (b) and covalency (delta) parameters derived from coulombic and spin orbit interaction parameters.

Guanosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of left ventricular function in chronic severe anaemia. An echocardiographic study.

Left ventricle (LV) performance was assessed by echocardiography (2-D and M-mode) in 30 patients with chronic severe anaemia and an equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls. Patients with anaemia were divided into two groups: those with tachycardia (pulse rate more than 100 per min) and those without. LV performance indices computed were LV ejection fraction (LVEF), % fractional shortening (FS), cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI). In patients of anaemia with tachycardia, LVEF was 48.6 +/- 8.41 (mean +/- SEM) vs 71.6 +/- 4.96 among controls. Percentage FS was 19.93 +/- 4.21 vs 36.0 +/- 4.5, CI 5.46 +/- 1.2 vs 3.1 +/- 0.78 l/min/m2, and stroke index 48.6 +/- 12.2 vs 41.5 +/- 10.7 ml/beat/m2. In patients without tachycardia, LVEF was 55.1 +/- 8.86, percentage FS 23.6 +/- 5.42, CI 2.87 +/- 0.526 and stroke index 41.34 +/- 12.1. These findings suggest that LV performance was depressed in both groups of patients with anaemia but LV function was better in patients without tachycardia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Interaction of some fluorinated nucleic acid components with praseodymium: an absorption spectral approach.

Absorption difference and comparative absorption spectrophotometric studies on praseodymium(III) and fluorouracil, fluorocytosine, fluoroadenine, fluorothymine, fluorouridine, fluorocytidine, fluoroadenosine and fluorothymidine systems at pH approximately 5.5 and in different stoichiometries in 80% DMF medium have been carried out. Magnitudes of spectral parameters, viz. Coulombic (Fk), spin-orbit (zeta 4f), nephelauxetic (beta), bonding (b), intensity (T lambda Judd-Ofelt), and oscillator strength (P) and their variation have provided information on the binding mode of these biomolecules in terms of outer and inner sphere complexation, degree of covalency and extent of 4f orbital involvement. Preliminary ultrasonic studies have indicated that these biomolecules behave as structure breakers, hence weak ligands in aqueous medium, while strengthening water structure in semi-nonaqueous medium. The analysis of the isolated solid complexes has suggested octa- and nona-coordination for praseodymium(III) in fluorinated nucleic bases and fluorinated nucleoside complexes.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1990

Portal hypertension therapy with oral propranolol. A short-term study.

Thirty patients were evaluated in a blind fashion to study the effect of oral propranolol on portal hypertension of varied aetiology. The dose of oral propranolol (administered to 15 patients) was adjusted to reduce the resting heart rate by approximately 25%. Splenic pulp pressure served as the parameter for portal pressure. A matched group of 15 control subjects on placebo was also studied. The mean portal pressure in the propranolol group fell from 3.49 to 2.69 kPa saline (P less than 0.001) as compared to the control group where the mean pressure increased from 3.57 to 3.63 kPa saline. The propranolol group showed improvement in clinical symptomatology with a significant reduction in body weight and abdominal girth in patients with ascites. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.78; p less than 0.007) was obtained between the fall in portal pressure and the initial levels. Thus, oral propranolol proved useful in the conservative management of portal hypertension of varied aetiology.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Neurological manifestations associated with bronchogenic carcinoma.

Neurological manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma were studied in 50 cases, 42% of whom showed neurological abnormalities with 6% having more than one type. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (20%) was the commonest, phrenic nerve paralysis (2%), paraneoplastic syndrome (12%), Pancoast's syndrome (10%) and metastatic involvement of central nervous system (4%) were other neurological manifestations. No evidence of encephalitis, motor neurone disease, myelopathy, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, myositis and drug-induced peripheral neuropathy was found in this study.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic significance of exercise testing three weeks after myocardial infarction.

Treadmill exercise test was performed in 50 patients aged 35-60 years, 3 weeks after myocardial infarction. Thirty-two had anterior and 18 had inferior wall transmural myocardial infarction. Cardiac events like angina, reinfarction and sudden death were more common in patients with positive stress test. Thus treadmill testing in the early postinfarction period is of great prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dermatomyositis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A study of estimation of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin in various forms of leprosy.

Study of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin by agar gel electrophoresis was carried out in 25 patients of various forms of leprosy including 9 cases of Erythema nodosum leprosum, and was compared with findings in 25 healthy controls. The level of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin in healthy subjects ranged from 211 mg% to 602 mg% with a mean level of 290.92 mg% +/- 86.82 mg, have p value 0.1, while in leprosy patients of various types ranged from 129 mg% to 702 mg% with mean level of 405.84 mg% +/- 152.70. Nine patients of lepromatous leprosy with ENL had marked elevation of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin and level was 376 to 720 mg% with a mean level of 562.65% +/- 106.62, statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A study of serum protein in leprosy.

Total serum protein albumin, globulin and A/6 ratio were determined in 50 patients of different types of Leprosy and 15 healthy controls. A significant elevation of total serum proteins (P < 0.001) was observed in 25 patients of Lepromatous leprosy and 10 patients of lepra reaction. No statistically significant alteration in total serum protein (P < 0.05) was observed in 15 patients of non-lepromatous leprosy. A significant fall in serum albumin with concomitant rise in serum globulin level (P < 0.001) was observed in non-lepromatous leprosy, lepromatous and patients having lepra-reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A study of serum fibrinolytic activity in leprosy.

Fibrinolytic activity was studied in 50 patients of leprosy and 30 healthy individuals who served as control. Fibrinolytic activity was determined by measuring euglobulin lysis. No significant alteration in fibrinolytic activity was observed in patients with non-lepromatous leprosy, the levels being approximately similar to control group. However, fibrinolytic activity was found to be significantly decreased in patients of lepromatous leprosy and lepra reaction group. The observed decrease in fibrinolytic activity can be explained on the basis of presence of tissue destruction and vasculitis seen in leprosy more so in patients with lepromatous leprosy and lepra reaction.

Adult↗