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Biomedical subjects

S Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to S Murphy.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Deficient strongly adherent monocytes in the peripheral blood of cancer patients.

The numbers of strongly adherent monocytes in the peripheral blood of normal subjects and cancer patients were determined. The method used was to place peripheral blood mononuclear cells in microwells and culture them for 1 week. At the end of that period, adherent macrophages were counted in the Coulter counter after release. Adherent cells per milliliter of blood, per total cells, and per mononuclear cells or monocytes plated were markedly diminished in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 44 melanoma, 23 breast cancer, 18 lung cancer, nine colon cancer, and 27 leukemia patients. Median values were 14.8 X 10(4) adherent cells per ml peripheral blood for 86 normal subjects, as against 2.5 X 10(4) per ml in the peripheral blood of the 125 patients (P less than 0.001). There was a poor correlation between the adherent cell numbers and the peripheral blood leukocyte counts, but an excellent correlation of the different adherent cell counts with each other. The number of adherent cells in the peripheral blood varied inversely with age in the cancer patients, but not in the normal subjects (r = 0.29, P less than 0.005). When patients under age 50 were compared to the controls, the deficiency of adherent cells was slightly more severe in patients with stage IV lung cancer than in those with stage III lung cancer. In contrast, there was no difference in the degree of deficiency between patients with stage III melanoma and no evident disease and patients with stage IV disseminated metastatic disease. The implications of these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Human 7SL RNA consists of a 140 nucleotide middle-repetitive sequence inserted in an alu sequence.

We have cloned and sequenced a cDNA copy of in vitro-polyadenylated 7SL RNA of HeLa cells. The cloned fragment is 303 bp long and has a composite structure. A central block of 140 bp is homologous to a new set of human middle-repetitive sequences. This block appears to be inserted in an Alu consensus sequence, 100 bp from the 5' end and 40 bp from the 3' end of the Alu monomer. Two 6 bp direct repeats are found at the junction between the Alu flanking sequences and the central element. The analysis of several clones shows the existence of sequence microheterogeneity in the 5' portion of the molecule. The 7L DNA probably represents a subset of the Alu family of DNA, highly conserved in evolution.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia associated with intrinsic platelet dysfunction and constitution ring 21 chromosome in a young boy.

A 3-year-old boy with pancytopenia and a paucity of circulating blast cells was found to have acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Histopathologic investigation of the bone marrow biopsy disclosed replacement by megakaryoblasts and mild-to-moderate reticulin fibrosis, the megakaryocytic origin of these cells was confirmed by their staining properties and by cross-reactivity with rabbit anti-rat platelet serum. Treatment with adriamycin and cytosine arabinoside induced a complete remission of this otherwise rapidly fatal disease. Before chemotherapy, the patient's platelets showed decreased aggregation in response to thrombin and adenosine diphosphate, as well as a defective thrombin-induced serotonin release reaction. Neither functional defect resolved after remission induction, indicating that the platelets were intrinsically abnormal. Most striking was the finding of a constitution chromosomal defect, a ring No. 21 chromosome, in addition to an abnormal malignant stem line. This appears to be the first reported instance of a constitutional r(21) chromosome associated with acute leukaemia.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1982

Normal viability of platelet concentrates obtained from CPDA-1 blood after storage in CL-3000 blood containers.

Platelet concentrates were obtained from blood anticoagulated with CPDA-1 and their viability after storage in CL-3000 containers for 72 h at 22 degrees C and for 24 and 48 h at 4 degrees C was studied using autologous reinfusion of 51Cr-labeled platelets. Yield and t1/2 values after such storage were similar to those previously reported for other containers and anti-coagulants. Survival of platelets stored at 22 degrees C for 3 days was essentially normal with the expected yields for that duration of storage. As has been described for other containers, adenine has no adverse or beneficial effect on platelet viability when assessed with these methods.

Adenine↗
PubMed1982

Neutrophil and monocyte function in pediatric patients with recurrent pneumonias: a longitudinal study.

Peripheral neutrophil and monocyte function was studied in 24 pediatric patients with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections referred to the University of New Mexico Pediatric Pulmonary Center. The age range of the patients was 4 months to 12 yr with a mean of 32 months. Depressed neutrophil chemiluminescence activity was observed in 46% of the 24 patients studied, depressed neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness was observed in 27% of 22 patients, depressed monocyte chemiluminescence was observed in 31% of 16 patients, and depressed monocyte chemotaxis was observed in 45% of 20 patients. Of the 11 patients with abnormal neutrophil chemiluminescence, 56% also had abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis. Eight of the 11 patients with depressed neutrophil chemiluminescence were retested 9 months to 1 yr after initial testing, and in 5 of the 8, chemiluminescence had returned to normal, whereas in the other 3, it had remained depressed. The 3 whose neutrophil chemiluminescence remained depressed continued to have repeated pneumonias as did one patient whose values had returned to normal. The estimated probability of return to normal for the neutrophil chemiluminescence after 1 yr was 0.625. These findings suggest that because the ability to move functionally intact neutrophils and monocytes into the lung is important for effective lung defense, that the defective phagocytic cell function defined here may be directly related to the recurrent pneumonias found in these pediatric patients.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1982

Cytokinetically based induction chemotherapy and splenectomy for childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

A four-drug regimen, based on cell kinetic principles, induced complete remissions in 68 of 95 children (72%) with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Patients entered remission after 2-5 weekly cycles of vincristine-daunorubicin (day 1) followed by sequential cytosine arabinoside and 6-azauridine (days 4-7). With continuation therapy of monthly vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide, weekly cytosine arabinoside, and daily 6-mercaptopurine, the median duration of complete remission was 10 mo and the median survival time 21 mo. Portal triaditis, evident in 11 of 23 patients with liver biopsies, was associated with long remissions. A larger spleen size (greater than 5 cm) and a higher myeloblast labeling index (greater than 10%) at diagnosis were clearly related to shorter durations of remission. Splenectomy within 1 mo of remission had no statistically significant effect on the frequency of relapse or length of remission. Patients without central nervous system (CNS) leukemia at diagnosis, all treated prophylactically with intrathecal methotrexate, had a low frequency of initial CNS relapse (3/56, 5%). The 2-yr disease-free survival rate is 29% (20 of 68 patients attaining complete remission). fifteen patients have completed 2.5 yr of therapy, and each remains in continuous complete remission, off treatment, for 1+ -36+ mo. This induction chemotherapy was as effective as more intensive regimens, with the advantage of less toxicity and shorter periods of hospitalization.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Essential thrombocythemia: response during first year of therapy with melphalan and radioactive phosphorus: a polycythemia Vera Study Group report.

Thirty-one patients with essential thrombocythemia were randomized to receive either melphalan or radioactive phosphorus as myelosuppressive therapy. Twenty-seven patients were evaluable for response. Of 13 patients treated with melphalan, 11 had a complete response (platelet count less than 450,000/mm3) at 3 and 6 months. This response rate was significantly better than the response to radioactive phosphorus. The response rates were similar at 12 months. No significant toxicity was observed with either regimen.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

On chemical war.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chemical Warfare Agents↗
PubMed1981

Pectus excavatum from chronic upper airway obstruction.

Two patient with enlarged adenoids and tonsils had cardiopulmonary distress and pectus excavatum. In both patients, the cardiorespiratory difficulty and the pectus deformity were relieved by removing the obstructive adenoids and tonsils. This observation supports the hypothesis that upper airway obstruction can cause a chest wall deformity. In a patient with cardiorespiratory distress and pectus excavatum, upper airway obstruction should be considered.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1981

Stress management skill for nursing students.

Assessed the effectiveness of a 10-session, 5-week, group-administered stress management program for nursing students. The stress management group included sessions on progressive relaxation, deep muscle relaxation, autogenic training, visual imagery and modified systematic desensitization. Ten female nursing students participated in the stress management group. A second group of nursing students (7 female and 1 male) served as a control group. State and trait anxiety measures were taken before the group began and immediately prior to both mid-term and final examinations. The stress management group effectively reduced trait anxiety (p less than .05), while the control group's trait anxiety levels remained relatively unchanged. The experimental group showed a reduction in state (test-taking) anxiety from mid-semester to final examinations, while the control groups showed a slight increase from mid semester to final examination.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1981

Suppression of rabbit peritoneal macrophage migration by heat-labile E. coli toxin.

Migration of rabbit peritoneal macrophages toward casein-serum was inhibited by preincubation of the cells with heat-labile toxin of Escherichia coli in direct relationship to the concentration of toxin in the incubation mixture. Cells preincubated with heated toxin or with toxin-antiserum migrated the same as those which had been incubated in toxin-free media. Toxin-preincubated cells had levels of cyclic AMP which were increased in direct relationship to the concentration of toxin in the preincubation mixture. Heated toxin failed to induce increased levels of cAMP in the cells at the highest concentration tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An analog of ACTH/MSH4-9, ORG-2766, reduces permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Regional uptakes of a diffusion-limited substance, antipyrine, were compared to those of a highly diffusible substance, iodoantipyrine, in brains of conscious, unrestrained rats. The method included simultaneous measurements of regional cerebral blood flow. Within 10 min after intravenous injection of a behaviorally active analog of ACTH/MSL4-9, ORG-2766, the relative extraction of antipyrine was reduced in most regions of the brain, significantly in hypothalamus, hippocampus, parietal cortex and frontal cortex. The occipital cortex and brain stem were least affected. Since the flow of blood was not changed significantly in any region at this time, we conclude that the changes in extraction reflect a reduction in permeability of the blood-brain barrier. These results suggest that the behavioral responses to peripherally administered fragments of ACTH/MSH may depend, in part, on some action in the blood-brain barrier. These observations also suggest a mechanism by which such peptides may influence the behavioral effects of diffusion-limited drugs.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

Glutamate binding in the rat cerebral cortex during ontogeny.

Two binding sites for L-glutamate have been identified on adult rat brain cortical membranes. One of these sites is Na+-dependent with Kd of 1.3 micro M and a Bmax of 210 pmol/mg protein. The other is Na+-independent with a Kd of 0.37 micro M and Bmax of 6.2 pmol/mg protein. There is a sharp rise in total number of Na+-independent sites per cortex up to 20 days postnatally followed by a more gradual rise to adult levels at 50 days. Na+-dependent binding is also low at birth rising to a peak at 20 days followed by a drop in total levels of binding to 30 days and then a very sharp rise up to 50 days. The kinetics of binding at 20 days gives a Kd for the Na+-dependent site of 1.77 micro M and a Bmax of 82 pmol/mg protein. The Na+-independent site at 20 days has a Kd = 1.3 micro M and Bmax of 8.47 pmol/mg protein. The ability of several acidic amino acid analogues to displace specifically bound L-glutamate was investigated by estimating IC50 values at 20 and 50 days of age. The Na+-independent site is stereospecific for L-glutamate at both ages, but will also interact with L-aspartate at 20 days. The Na+-dependent site has a similar affinity for L- and D-glutamate and L-aspartate at 50 days. The L-glutamate analogue kainate will not displace any bound L-glutamate.

Aging↗