Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to S Murakami.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Extratubular efflux and nephropathy.

The extratubular efflux of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive material is used as a histological indicator of intrarenal reflux, and correlation of the PAS positive material and interstitial as well as glomerular changes were analyzed in 114 surgical specimens consisting of renal calculi, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux, and others. (1) The incidence of extratubular efflux was apparently higher in the kidneys of hydronephrosis. (2) PAS positive material was seen not only in the interstitium but also flowed into the venous and lymphatic spaces. (3) Potent interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and larger amounts of PAS positive material were seen in the kidneys showing a moderate grade of hydronephrosis rather than renal calculi. (4) Global glomerular sclerosis was the most frequent glomerular lesion, and segmental sclerosis and crescentic epithelial reaction in a small number of glomeruli were also noted. These results imply that intrarenal reflux could play an important role in the development of various renal tissue injuries.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Effects of surfactant supplement and end-expiratory pressure in lung-lavaged rabbits.

By using adult rabbits in which the lung surfactant had been reduced by repeated whole-lung lavage, we examined the effects of surfactant supplement and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and mechanically ventilated with pure O2. Surfactant that was extracted from pigs' lungs was supplemented to the rabbits through the trachea. The PEEP was set at 4 cmH2O. The seven rabbits that were ventilated without the supplement and without the PEEP all died of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and reduction of lung compliance within 2 h. The 18 rabbits that were ventilated with either the supplement or the PEEP showed some elevations of arterial O2 tension, but 9 of them died within 4 h. After application of both the surfactant supplement and the PEEP, six out of the eight rabbits survived for more than 11 h with nearly normal values of blood gases and compliance. We concluded that the combination of the transtracheal surfactant supplement and ventilation with PEEP has favorable therapeutic effects on surfactant deficiency.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1984

The studies on the role of gastric glycoproteins with reference to cytoprotection: protective effect of prostaglandin E2 and sofalcone on ethanol-induced necrosis.

The gastric cytoprotective action of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and sofalcone was studied in rats. The in vitro incorporating activity of 3H-glucosamine into the gastric macromolecular glycoproteins was examined when PGE2 (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) or sofalcone (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 5, 15 or 30 min before the oral administration of absolute ethanol. The cytoprotective effect of PGE2 against gastric mucosal damage was demonstrated 5 min after PGE2 was given orally. The cytoprotective effect by sofalcone was seen after 15 min. However, during this period, the decrease in gastric macromolecular glycoprotein synthesis induced by the ethanol damage could not be restored by pretreatment with PGE2 or sofalcone. On the other hand, the reduction in the content of the gastric macromolecular glycoproteins by the ethanol damage was found to be prevented to a significant extent by pretreatment with PGE2. The same phenomenon was also observed in the administration of sofalcone. Accordingly, PGE2 has stimulating effect on the gastric glycoproteins biosynthesis, but this effect can not be considered as the mechanism responsible for cytoprotection, if indeed a single mechanism exists. Thus, it is suggested that the adhesion or maintenance of secreted macromolecular glycoproteins to the gastric tissue is closely related to cytoprotection.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Changes in the incorporating activity of 35S-sulfate into gastric sulfated glycoproteins in the rat with erosions by restraint and water immersion stress.

The synthetic activity of rat gastric sulfated glycoproteins (SGP) in vitro was investigated at various time intervals after water immersion stress using 35S-sulfate as a precursor. More than 90 percent of the total radioactivity was incorporated into mucosal SGP, and the rest was incorporated into glycosaminoglycans in the gastric muscular layer. The incorporation of 35S-sulfate into SGP increased at 2 hr and decreased at 6 hr after the onset of stress. The incorporating activity again increased markedly at 12 hr and then recovered to the normal level at 24 hr after the onset of stress. An anti-ulcer agent, N-(N-acetyl-beta-alanyl)-L-histidine aluminum complex (AAHA), significantly increased the SGP synthetic activity at 12 hr and at 24 hr after the onset of stress. It was indicated from the elution patterns on the DEAE-cellulose column that AAHA increased the amount of highly sulfated glycoproteins compared with the stress control at 12 hr after the onset of stress. The uronic acid content in the gastric muscular layer of the rat was unchanged with stress. These results in the in vitro experiment indicate that the SGP synthetic activity does not decrease with stress load, but rather increases at 2 hr and at 12 hr after the onset of stress when a sufficient amount of 35S-sulfate is supplied. Accordingly, it is suggested that SGP facilitates the restoration of the gastric mucosal damage caused by stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A study of 65 cases of urinary tract injury].

Since 1968, we experienced 65 cases of urinary tract injury. These include a rare case of traumatic renal artery thrombosis which was later followed by renovascular hypertension, a rare case of complete ureteral disruption, and 2 cases of renal injury which were first treated conservatively but were nephrectomized later because of rebleeding. These cases are reported and discussion is made about the relationship between the clinical findings and the indication of nephrectomy. We used endoscopic management (Yasuda method) in the cases of complete disruption of posterior urethra accompanied by pelvic fracture and obtained good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[2 cases of renal cell carcinoma on long-term hemodialysis].

Two cases of renal cell carcinoma on maintenance dialysis for chronic renal insufficiency are reported. The first case, a 40-year-old man, complained of hematuria after 9.3 years of dialysis. Nephrectomy was done and small renal cell carcinoma with acquired cystic disease of the kidney were observed. The second case, a 48-year-old man, was found to have renal cell carcinoma after 2.5 years of dialysis by means of routine examination without any symptoms. The kidney showed carcinoma with small cystic areas and four adenomas. Usefulness of routine examination with echogram is stressed for management of hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Increase of extensor tonus of forelimbs in chronic cats with bilateral serial hemisections of the spinal cord at different levels.

An increase of extensor tonus of the forelimbs was observed in chronic cats with serial double hemisections of the spinal cord, first at a lower thoracic level followed by a contralateral hemisection at the midthoracic cord at intervals of 5-18 weeks. A similar increase in forelimb extensor tonus was observed in chronic cats with serial double hemisections, first at the high cervical cord followed by a contralateral hemisection of the mid-thoracic cord at intervals of 3-7 weeks. The results suggest that the augmentation of extensor tonus was brought about by release of bulbar centers from ascending inhibitory mechanisms from the lower spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cytologic and ultrastructural studies of a rare breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells.

An unusual case of breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) was reported, for which the diagnosis was made by aspiration biopsy. The OGCs appeared to derive from large mononuclear cells, probably via their cellular fusion. The mononuclear cells had abundant lysosome-like granules, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. They were thought to be histiocytic cells, though active phagocytosis could not be demonstrated. Histologically, the tumor showed a pattern of well differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma, of which the stroma was crowded with histiocytic cells, OGCs, and lymphocytes. Marked hemorrhage and fibrosis were also seen. The tumor cells tended to be distorted and greatly diminished in accord with the accumulation of OGCs.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

[Fasting serum gastrin, motilin and secretin in treated and untreated hyperthyroidism].

To study the gastrointestinal hormones involved in hyperthyroidism and the interrelationship with the thyroid hormones, the preprandial serum concentrations of gastrin, motilin and secretin were measured by radioimmunoassay in 33 normal subjects and in 104 patients before and after treatment. The following results were obtained. 1) Serum gastrin concentrations in hyperthyroid patients were significantly higher than that of the control, and when the patients reached euthyroidism or hypothyroidism after treatment, the gastrin concentrations in the serum decreased to the normal level. There was a positive correlation between thyroid hormones and serum gastrin. 2) The changes in serum motilin concentrations in hyperthyroidism before and after treatment did not show any significant differences from that of the control. There was a slightly negative relationship between motilin and gastrin and also between T4 and motilin. 3) The mean serum secretin level rose significantly in hypothyroid patients after treatment for hyperthyroidism, but there was no individual correlation between serum secretin and thyroid hormone.

Adult↗