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Biomedical subjects

S Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to S Murakami.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Surgical treatment of thymoma--clinical evaluation].

Sixty-seven patients with thymoma were surgically treated during the past 19 years in our department. The 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rates of total cases with thymomas were 69.2%, 59.6% and 59.6%, respectively. Survival rates of thymoma with MG and without MG were not significantly different. According to clinical stages in Masaoka's classification, there were significant difference between Stage I and Stag III (p < 0.05), Stage I and Stage IV a (p < 0.01), and Stage I and Stage IV b (p < 0.01). We can conclude that complete resection of thymomas lead to better prognosis, and immunochemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine and OK-432 are effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activity in the supernatant of the cultured leukemic cells of adult T-cell leukemia with eosinophilia].

An adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) accompanied with eosinophilia is described. A 75-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of lymphadenopathy. Her leukocyte count was 73,300/microliters, with 35.5% abnormal lymphocytes and 19% eosinophils. A majority of lymphocytes expressed CD4+CD8-. Acute ATL was diagnosed, since anti-HTLV-1 antibody in her serum and monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA in her peripheral mononuclear cells were detected. She was treated with THP-adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (CPA), and vincristine (VCR). Abnormal lymphocyte and eosinophil counts decreased and there was improvement in the lymphadenopathy. However she then complained of lymphadenopathy again. Her leukocyte count rose to 76,300/microliters, with 89% abnormal lymphocytes. Combination therapy with CPA, VCR, and doxorubicin was started and there was a temporal regression in lymphadenopathy, but her lymphadenopathy recurred and she died. The activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was detected in the supernatant of the cultured ATL cells, although interleukin-3, interleukin-5, and GM-CSF activities were not detected in her serum. It seems likely that the secretion of GM-CSF by ATL cells are responsible for the eosinophilia.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Adherence of bacteria to various urethral catheters and occurrence of catheter-induced urethritis].

To prevent the occurrence of nosocomial urinary tract infections among patients with indwelling urinary catheters, we compared commercially available catheters for the degree of irritation to surrounding mucosa and bacterial adherence. The hydrogel-coated catheter was found to be superior to the teflon-coated or silicone-coated catheters, since it had the lowest degree of bacterial adherence and mucosal irritation among these products. These findings suggest that the incidence of catheter-induced urinary tract infection would be lowered by the use of hydrogel-coated catheter, and recommend their use for patients requiring long-term urinary catheterization.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1993

[The value of omental pedicle flap method for postoperative intractable infection in the field of thoracic surgery].

We present a series of 8 consecutive patients who underwent the omental pedicle flap method in the field of thoracic surgery. Four of them had empyema with bronchopleural fistula and four had mediastinal infection. A pedicle of omentum containing the right gastroepiploic artery was passed through a tunnel in the diaphragm into the empyema cavity or the mediastinal abscess cavity. All eight patients were cured successfully by single-stage procedures. We think this series demonstrates the value of omental pedicle flap method which lacks in symptoms due to defected organ and offers an excellent therapeutic effect with easy operative procedure. And, this method produce a quality of life. Further active application of this method can be expected in the management of chest problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A case of percutaneous removal of a catheter fragment from the pulmonary artery using a long sheath].

A case of successful removal of a catheter fragment from the pulmonary artery is reported. We employed the loop snare designed for transcolonoscopic polypectomy through a 9F long sheath. The sheath was advanced into the pulmonary artery over the balloon catheter. Handling of the loop snare was smooth and safe because of there being enough inner diameter of the sheath. Other instruments such as grasping-forceps or basket stone-catcher were also able to be advanced through the sheath. We recommend the employment of the 9F long sheath for retrieval of intravenous foreign bodies.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Effect of stilbene derivatives on gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase.

The effect of naturally occurring hydroxystilbene, 3,3',4,5-tetrahydroxystilbene (piceatanol), and its derivatives on gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase was studied. Piceatanol inhibited H+, K(+)-ATPase in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibition value was 4.3 x 10(-6) M. It was found from the kinetic study that the inhibition of the enzyme by piceatanol was competitive with respect to ATP and was noncompetitive with respect to K+. Piceatanol also effectively inhibited gastric acid secretion. However, methylation of phenolic hydroxy groups of piceatanol resulted in a complete loss of inhibition of the enzyme and acid secretion, suggesting the role of phenolic hydroxy groups in the inhibition. The study on hydroxystilbene derivatives also showed that phenolic hydroxy groups are important in the interaction with H+, K(+)-ATPase and that stilbenes with neighbouring hydroxy groups are the most effective inhibitors.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma synergistically induce interleukin 8 production in a human gastric cancer cell line through acting concurrently on AP-1 and NF-kB-like binding sites of the interleukin 8 gene.

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a novel cytokine which possesses neutrophil chemotactic and activating activities in addition to chemotactic activity for basophils and T lymphocytes. It has been shown that IL-8 is produced by a variety of human somatic cells including monocytes/macrophages, dermal fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, keratinocytes, mesangeal cells, and several types of tumor cell lines. We have examined here whether or not human gastric cancer cell lines produce IL-8 in vitro. The production of IL-8 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the culture supernatants derived from eight of nine human gastric cancer cell lines stimulated with either interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), or TNF alpha plus interferon gamma (IFN gamma). In some of the gastric cancer cell lines such as MKN 45 and KATO, TNF alpha plus IFN gamma synergistically induced the production of IL-8. In MKN 45 cells, synergistic increase of the steady state level of IL-8 mRNA by TNF alpha plus IFN gamma was not inhibited by cycloheximide treatment. Scatchard analysis revealed that IFN gamma changed neither the number nor the affinity constant of TNF alpha binding sites on a gastric cancer cell line, suggesting that the synergism was a post-receptor event. Furthermore, synergistic induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity by TNF alpha plus IFN gamma was observed in MKN 45 that were transiently transfected with chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genes driven by the transcriptional regulatory region of human IL-8 gene. Through the mutation of the regulatory region of the IL-8 gene, both AP-1- and NF-kB-like factor binding elements were presumed to be involved in conferring the responsiveness to TNF alpha plus IFN gamma. Moreover, gel retardation analyses revealed that TNF alpha and IFN gamma synergistically induced the binding of NF-kB like as well as AP-1 like proteins bound to these sites. These results indicated that IFN gamma synergistically enhanced TNF alpha-induced IL-8 production in a human gastric cancer cell line through synergistic activation of transcription factors without up-regulating TNF alpha receptor.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Sequence comparisons for a hepatitis C virus genome RNA isolated from a patient with liver cirrhosis.

The nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined for an isolate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) derived from cirrhotic tissue of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. The 9408-nt sequence (EMBL Acq. No. X61596) showed homology of 90.7-91.4% on the nt level, as compared to two Japanese isolates from patients with a high titer of serum transaminase, 78.4-78.8% to those obtained in the United States, and 65.0% to that from an asymptomatic Japanese carrier. The phylogenetic tree of the six isolates classified them into three groups.

Genome, Viral↗
PubMed1992

CD45 expression by B cells. Expression of different CD45 isoforms by subpopulations of activated B cells.

To determine the effect of distinct activation stimuli on CD45 expression by B cells, we have examined the expression of CD45 molecules on murine B cells stimulated with LPS or the Th cell cytokine IL-5. Analysis of CD45 by flow cytometry revealed that unstimulated and stimulated B cells expressed homogeneous amounts of total CD45 but that stimulation with IL-5 resulted in a CD44hi, hyaluronate-adherent subpopulation of activated B cells that expressed a markedly altered pattern of expression of exon-specific CD45R or B220 determinants. The predominant CD45 immunoprecipitated from either unstimulated or LPS-stimulated B cells was of the high molecular mass form (approximately 220 kDa) usually associated with B cells. In contrast, the CD45 proteins immunoprecipitated from the hyaluronate-adherent subpopulation of IL-5-activated B cells were predominantly lower m.w. forms. PCR analysis of amplified CD45 cDNA also showed distinct expression profiles characteristic of each B cell population. The highest molecular size PCR product, corresponding to expression of all three variably expressed CD45 exons (A, B, and C) was prominent in resting B cells and in LPS-activated B cells but was selectively reduced in hyaluronate-adherent IL-5-activated B cells, where lower molecular size PCR products predominated, corresponding to expression of one or two of the variable exons. In contrast, LPS-activated B cells expressed reduced levels of these one- or two-exon forms. In addition, all B cell populations expressed a lower m.w. PCR product corresponding in size to the product expected when exons A, B, and C are spliced out of CD45 mRNA. Thus, analysis of alternative splicing of CD45 mRNA, as well as cell surface expression of CD45 provides a novel parameter for analysis of B cell activation by different stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Origin of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in the chick embryo: effect of the olfactory placode ablation.

A unilateral olfactory placodectomy resulted in the absence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (LHRH-ir) cells in the olfactory-forebrain axis of the operated side, whereas the development of the LHRH neuronal system was not disturbed on the unoperated side. In the embryos in which a fragment of the medial olfactory epithelium was spared the damage, a small number of LHRH-ir cells were detected in the nasal region of the operated side, where the lack of the central projection of the olfactory nerve caused stagnation of LHRH-ir cells, no ir-cells being found in the brain area. These results suggest that LHRH neurons originate in the olfactory placode and then migrate into the forebrain along the olfactory nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase and acid secretion by cassigarol A, a polyphenol from Cassia garrettiana Craib.

The effects of cassigarol A, a naturally occurring polyphenol, on gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase and gastric acid secretion were studied. Cassigarol A inhibited H+,K(+)-ATPase and K-stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase from hog gastric mucosa with 50% inhibition of 1.2 x 10(-6) and 6.3 x 10(-6) M, respectively. The kinetic study showed that the inhibition of H+,K(+)-ATPase by cassigarol A was competitive with respect to ATP and non-competitive with respect to K+. Cassigarol A inhibited both H+,K(+)-ATPase-mediated proton transport and 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced acid secretion. On the other hand, cassigarol A acetate, in which phenolic hydroxy groups are acetylated, was not effective in the inhibition of enzyme activity and acid secretion. These results indicate that cassigarol A is a potent inhibitor of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase, that the anti-secretory activity of cassigarol A is related to the inhibition of H+,K(+)-ATPase and that an important moiety of cassigarol A in the interaction with the enzyme is the phenolic hydroxy groups.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1992

Immunophenotype and DNA content of myeloma cells in primary plasma cell leukemia.

To clarify the biological characteristics of the myeloma cells in primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL), we studied the immunological phenotype and DNA content of cells from five patients with primary PCL as compared to those from the patients with typical multiple myeloma (MM). In two of five patients with PCL myeloma cells had B-cell-associated antigens (B1, J5) and surface immunoglobulin in addition to plasma cell associated antigens, suggesting that these cells are immunologically immature as compared to mature plasma cells. Concerning the DNA content of myeloma cells, two of four patients had hypodiploid while two had diploid myeloma cells. In contrast, 24 of the 37 (65%) patients with typical MM had hyperdiploid and 1 had hypodiploid myeloma cells. These observations suggest that the myeloma cells in PCL are immunologically heterogeneous. The increased incidence of hypodiploidy in PCL may explain its relatively poor prognosis as previously shown in those with typical MM and hypodiploid DNA content.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA by competitive polymerase chain reaction.

Since the amount of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA might be correlated with the degree of severity of hepatitis and response to treatment, quantitation of HCV RNA in serum was established using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Known amounts of a plasmid containing HCV-cDNA were co-amplified with a standard dilution series of a competitive template which shared the primers' sequences but differed from the wild type cDNA in having a deletion. Accurate quantitation was obtained by comparing the amount of both products. Quantitation of serum HCV RNA was carried out in two patients' serum samples which were also used to infect chimpanzees. The concentration of HCV RNA in these two sera was calculated to be 1 pg/ml (non-infectious at 10(-3) dilution) and 1-10 pg/ml (infectious at 10(-5) dilution). The procedure was subsequently used to analyze serial changes in serum HCV RNA in three patients who were treated with alpha-interferon. During treatment, the levels of alanine aminotransferase showed a significant decrease in all patients and the amount of HCV RNA fell from 1 fg/ml, 1 pg/ml, and greater than 10 pg/ml to 0.1 fg/ml, 100 fg/ml, and 1 pg/ml, respectively. The decrease in the amount of HCV RNA after treatment was related to the initial amount of serum HCV RNA. These results suggest that quantitation of HCV RNA may be useful not only for understanding the course of HCV infection but also for evaluating treatment for HCV infection.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Stercoraceous perforation of the sigmoid colon: report of two cases.

Stercoraceous perforation of the sigmoid colon has rarely been reported in the literature. This lesion is assumed to be produced by the pressure from a hard scybalum resulting in a perforated ulcer with necrotic edges. Two cases of stercoraceous perforation of the sigmoid colon are presented in this paper. It is difficult to diagnose this lesion preoperatively, although ultrasonograms proved useful in showing the colon perforation. This lesion should always be suspected when a patient who has had chronic constipation presents with sudden severe abdominal pain. It is possible that this lesion is becoming more common as the mean age of the population increases and we stress the importance of immediate surgery and intensive care for improving the prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The origin of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster): the effect of olfactory placode ablation.

Neurons containing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are first detected in newt embryos (Cynops pyrrhogaster) in the olfactory epithelium and ventromedial portion of the olfactory nerve, after which they sequentially appear in the intracerebral course of the terminal nerve at prometamorphosis, and in the septo-preoptic area at postmetamorphosis. In adults, however, LHRH-immunoreactive cells are rarely seen in the nasal region, and their distribution shifts into the brain, suggesting their migration. In order to ascertain the origin and possible migration route of these neurons in newt larvae, the effect of unilateral or bilateral olfactory placodectomy on the LHRH neuronal system has been studied. Removal of the olfactory placode results in the absence of LHRH-immunoreactive cells in the nasal and brain regions of the operated side, whereas the subsequent growth and the LHRH-immunoreactive cellular distribution in the contralateral side are identical to those of normal larvae. Following bilateral placodectomy, no LHRH immunoreactivity is detected on either side of the olfactory-brain axis. These results suggest that LHRH neurons of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, originate in the olfactory placode and then migrate into the brain during embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials during procaine toxicity in dogs.

Although the toxic effect of local anaesthetics on the activity of cerebral cortex has been extensively studied, little is known about their toxic effect on brainstem. Accordingly, the influence of procaine on brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and on the electroencephalogram (EEG) was observed in 15 dogs. After the administration of procaine (15 mg.kg-1, i.v.), the amplitudes of wave I (1.88 +/- 0.56 vs 2.06 +/- 0.61 microV, mean +/- SD) and wave II (1.91 +/- 0.41 vs 2.06 +/- 0.46 microV) in BAEPs increased (P less than 0.05), while the amplitudes of wave III (0.97 +/- 0.27 vs 0.81 +/- 0.24 microV), wave IV (1.15 +/- 0.43 vs 0.85 +/- 0.29 microV) and wave V (1.04 +/- 0.46 vs 0.92 +/- 0.41 microV) were decreased (P less than 0.05), and both the I-III inter-peak latency (1.57 +/- 0.04 vs 1.70 +/- 0.07 msec) and III-V inter-peak latency (2.15 +/- 0.09 vs 2.35 +/- 0.12 msec) were prolonged (P less than 0.01). The EEG changed from an awake pattern to seizure activity. These results suggest that the electrical activity of the brainstem auditory pathway is suppressed even when the cerebral cortex is in an excitatory state at the convulsive stage of procaine toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Decreased circulation time in the upper limb reduces the lag time of the finger pulse oximeter response.

To observe the influence of circulatory changes on the lag time of the pulse oximeter response, eight healthy patients scheduled for hand surgery were studied. After breath holding, the patients took a breath of oxygen and the time to an increase in SpO2 was measured before and after axillary brachial plexus block. It was found that the lag time with finger probe decreased from 28.6 +/- 7.1 sec to 15.8 +/- 1.1 sec (mean +/- SD) following brachial block (P less than 0.01). There was no change in arterial blood pressure. The results suggest that the lag time of the finger pulse oximeter response is primarily determined by blood flow.

Adult↗