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Biomedical subjects

S Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to S Murakami.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Removal of olfactory placode prevents the development of LHRH neurons in the forebrain of the chick embryo: possible interaction between migrating LHRH neurons and highly polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-H).

A unilateral olfactory placodectomy prevented the development of LHRH- and NCAM-H-expressing neurons as well as NCAM-H expressing olfactory nerve on the operated side, whereas the development of LHRH- and NCAM-H-expressing neurons and olfactory nerve was not disturbed. In the embryos with an incomplete olfactory placodectomy, a small number of LHRH-immunoreactive (ir) cells expressing NCAM-H were detected in the olfactory epithelial fragments and in the NCAM-H-positive olfactory nerve remants which ceased to extend their axons to the forebrain. The lack of the central projection of the olfactory nerve caused stagnation of LHRH-ir cells, no LHRH-ir cells being found in the forebrain. These results clearly suggest the importance of the structural support for the migration of LHRH-ir cells. Furthermore, the migrating LHRH-ir cells deviated from the poorly developed olfactory nerve and migrated not only to the central direction but also to the peripheral direction of the NCAM-H-positive medial nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve of the trigeminal nerve. This suggests that the migration route of the LHRH neurons is not programmed in detail in the precursor cells of LHRH neurons in the olfactory placode. Since the migrating LHRH-ir cells were never independent of NCAM-H-positive neural elements in the operated embryos, it is suggested that not only the structural support for the migration but also the possible interaction between the migration of LHRH-ir cells and NCAM-H and/or other unknown factors may be needed for successful LHRH neuronal migration.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Irreducible Salter-Harris type II fracture of the distal tibial epiphysis.

An 11-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital after he fell to the ground from the roof, complaining of pain in his left ankle. Radiographs showed a Salter-Harris type II fracture-separation of the distal tibial epiphysis together with a transverse bending fracture of the distal fibula. An attempt at closed reduction was unsuccessful. At open reduction, torn periosteum and the posterior tibial tendon were interposed between the tibial metaphysis and epiphysis. After the tendon was deflected to its normal position, fracture-separation of the distal tibial epiphysis was easily reduced. At the latest follow-up 4 years after surgery, radiographs showed no evidence of growth arrest or residual deformity.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Hearing improvement following removal of acoustic neuroma with preoperative sudden deafness.

We report three cases of small intracanalicular acoustic tumor with sudden hearing loss (SHL). The tumors were totally removed through the middle cranial fossa approach, preserving both the facial and cochlear nerves between one and four months after the onset of deafness. From one to three months postoperatively hearing has improved significantly. Hearing improvement in acoustic tumor surgery is a new aspect to be studied more in the future. Although the data are insufficient to draw broad conclusions, surgical removal of small acoustic tumors is rational to improve hearing, reduce or eliminate tinnitus and prevent recurrent attacks of deafness or vertigo. Factors relevant to postoperative hearing improvement are considered.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1994

Simultaneous detection of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) and carcinoembryonic antigen in lung adenocarcinoma.

Simultaneous detection of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was investigated in AMeX (Acetone, Methyl benzoate and Xylene)-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections of 24 adenocarcinomas of the lung, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Distinct expression of both ICAM-1 and CEA was found in tumor cells in all cases. The staining pattern of these two antigens was quite similar and was mainly affected by the tumor grade. In well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, uniformly positive staining was demonstrated predominantly along the apical surfaces of the tumor cell nests, and to a lesser degree on the lateral cell surface and in the cytoplasm with apical concentration, but no positive staining was found on the basal cell surfaces. In poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, positive staining was found along the entire cell surface and in the cell cytoplasm without any apical concentration, and the staining intensity varied from region to region in the same tumor cell and from cell to cell within the same tumor cell nest. In moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, the staining pattern was intermediate between those of well and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with some degree of apical concentration. The expression pattern of ICAM-1 or CEA on tumor cells did not correlate well with stromal inflammatory cell infiltration. These results indicate that the expression pattern of CEA and ICAM-1 is an inherent characteristic of tumor cells, and that their abnormal expression may play an important role in the physiological behavior of tumor cells because the polarity of their expression is lost in parallel with histological tumor grades.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Screening for thyroid dysfunction in adults residing in Hokkaido Japan: in relation to urinary iodide concentration and thyroid autoantibodies].

The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its relation to thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) and urinary iodide concentration (UI) was studied in apparently healthy adults in Sapporo (n = 4110) (Sapporo group), and in five coastal areas of Hokkaido (n = 1061) (coastal group) which produce iodine-rich seaweed (kelp). The frequency of above normal UI (high UI) in the morning urinary samples of coastal group was 10.8%, significantly higher than that of Sapporo group (6.4%) (p < 0.001). Frequency of positive TAA in both groups were similar. In Sapporo group TAA was positive in 6.4% of males and 13.8% of females with an age-related increase. The overall prevalence of hyperthyroidism (TSH < 0.15 mU/L) in coastal group (0.6%) was similar to that in Sapporo group (1.1%), while that of hypothyroidism (TSH > 5.0 mU/L) in coastal group (3.8%) was significantly higher than that in Sapporo group (1.3%) (P < 0.001). The frequency of high UI correlated significantly with that of hypothyroidism with negative TAA (r = 0.829, P < 0.05), but not with positive TAA, or with that of hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in TAA negative subjects with high UI than with normal UI. Moreover, serum TSH and thyroglobulin levels were higher and free T4 level was lower in former than in latter group. These results indicate that 1) the prevalence of TAA negative hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas may be associated with the amount of iodine ingested, 2) this hypothyroidism is more prevalent and marked in subjects consuming further excess amounts of iodine, and 3) excessive intake of iodine should be considered an etiology of hypothyroidism in addition to chronic thyroiditis in these areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Degree of diversity of hepatitis C virus quasispecies and progression of liver disease.

We examined the quasispecies of the hepatitis C virus genome in 28 patients with liver disease of varying severity. Nucleotide sequences of the hepatitis C virus genome spanning the region from the core to envelope were used to calculate the nucleotide diversity: 0.58% +/- 0.88% in 5 patients with acute hepatitis, 0.85% +/- 0.62% in 5 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 1.79% +/- 0.92% in 11 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 3.05% +/- 1.26% in 4 patients with cirrhosis and 2.71% +/- 1.47% in 3 patients with cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus the intrapatient variation in nucleotides increased significantly with severity of liver disease (p < 0.01), except in those cases of cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. Multivariate analysis including the histology, duration of infection, age, sex, history of blood transfusion and serum level of ALT at diagnosis as variables showed that the histological finding was the strongest independent factor of the nucleotide diversity (p = 0.003). Serial analysis of the genome in three patients demonstrated that the intra-patient variation in nucleotides increased with the progression of liver disease. The magnitude of the intrapatient variation in nucleotides deduced from the observed changes in the patients was correlated with the mean serum levels of ALT. These findings suggest that the degree of diversity of HCV quasispecies is related to the progression of liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Structure-activity relationships of unsaturated long chain fatty acids in relation to the inhibition of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase.

Structure-activity analyses of the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on the inhibition of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase were carried out. Saturated fatty acids are poor inhibitors of H+,K(+)-ATPase, compared with unsaturated ones. Among the cis-unsaturated fatty acids with one double bond, there was an optimal carbon chain length for the inhibitory of the enzyme, and 10-nonadecenoic acid (C19:1) was the most potent inhibitor. The inhibitory activity was not altered by a change in the position of the double bond. The cis-fatty acids were more potent than the corresponding trans-fatty acids. Esterification of the acid moiety resulted in a decrease of the inhibitory activity. However, conversion of the acid moiety into alcohol and amide did not decrease the activity. These findings suggest that two moieties of unsaturated fatty acids are important in the interaction with the gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase, the carbon chain, which may have some hydrophobic interactions with the enzyme, and the terminal functional group (acid moiety), which may interact with hydrophilic interactions such as through hydrogen bonds with the enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A nationwide survey on the occurrence of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Japan.

A nationwide survey was carried out to estimate the frequency and distribution of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Japan. A questionnaire was mailed to the Departments of Ophthalmology in hospitals with 200 or more beds. Responses were received from 489 out of 1,077 institutions, or 45.5%. The annual prevalence was estimated to be 15.5 per million and the incidence was 6.5 per million, based on the number of reported cases and the response rate per prefecture. It was estimated that 1,800 patients were treated for this disease annually and that there were about 800 new cases each year. Geographical distribution showed no special characteristics such as those seen with Behçet's disease. The results of the analysis of 1,833 reported cases showed that females were slightly more often affected than males. For both male and female patients, the age distribution on the first visit showed a peak in the fifth decade and a median age of 42.3 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A case report of scimitar syndrome: a new technique in the correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage].

A twenty eight year-old man with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage from the right lung to the inferior vena cava (scimitar syndrome) underwent surgical treatment. We have successfully modified the surgical technique that consists of using the anterior wall of the right atrium, to form a tunnel that will divert the anomalous pulmonary vein to the left atrium. After rerouting of the anomalous pulmonary vein, the anterior wall of the right atrium was reconstructed with a polytetrafluoroethylene patch. To our knowledge, this is the first time this technique has been used to correct this syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A nation-wide survey on the occurrence of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Japan].

A nation-wide survey was performed to estimate the frequency and distribution of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease (Harada's disease hereinafter). A questionnaire was mailed to the departments of ophthalmology in hospitals with at least 200 beds. The response rate was 489 out of 1,077 institutions, or 45.4%. The annual prevalence was estimated to be 15.5 per million and the incidence was 6.5 per million, based on the number of reported cases and the response rate per prefecture. It was estimated that 1,800 patients were treated for this disease annually and that there were about 800 new cases. Geographical distribution showed no special characteristics such as these seen with Behçet's disease. The results of the analysis of 1,833 cases showed that females were slightly more affected than males, with an age distribution on first visit which showed a peak in the fourth decade and with the median age being 42.3 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Thrombosed St. Jude Medical prosthesis with drug induced hepatitis due to warfarin potassium--a case report].

A case was presented of a 51-year-old woman who underwent aortic valve replacement with a St. Jude Medical prosthesis two and a half years before. The patient was initially placed on Warfarin potassium after the surgery. However she gradually developed jaundice during the period of two months Warfarin was replaced with ticlopidine hydrochloride as it was thought to be the most probable cause of jaundice. The prosthesis was subsequently thrombosed and had to be replaced with a Carpentier bovine pericardial valve. Warfarin potassium rarely induces the hepatic dysfunction as a result of drug allergy. However, the prompt diagnosis and adequate management are essential if it should occur.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1994

[A case of infantile thoracic actinomycosis involving the bronchocutaneus fistula].

Pulmonary actinomycosis is rare at present. A 11-year-old girl complained of left anterior chest pain and chest wall swelling. A radiograph of the chest revealed a consolidation in the left upper lobe. Sputum cultures showed normal flora and sputum cytology was negative for malignant disease. On 16 days after admission, the infection involved the bronchocutaneous fistula. Surgery was necessary to curettage. Histopathological specimen of resected necrotic tissue showed typical "sulfur granule" of actinomycosis. We administered penicillin for 3 months and the consolidation disappeared.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1994

[A quantitative approach to the rCBF response to acetazolamide using 99mTc-HMPAO and graphical analysis].

A simple noninvasive method for a quantitative measurement of brain perfusion is presented using intravenous radionuclide angiography with 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). Graphical analysis was employed for the evaluation of the unidirectional influx constant (ku) of the tracer from the blood to the brain and the initial distribution volume (Vn) for the tracer, which is the volume of the exchangeable region plus the plasma space. The ku and Vn values were standardized to provide objective and comparable values, brain perfusion indices (BPI) and corrected Vn (Corr. Vn), between subjects by setting the size ratio of ROI(brain) to ROI(aorta) at 10 and 1, respectively. BPI and Corr. Vn of the whole brain were measured before and 20 min after injection of 1 g acetazolamide. After acetazolamide administration, BPI and Corr. Vn increased in all eight subjects with cerebrovascular diseases and one with a pituitary adenoma, by a mean of x 1.26 and 1.24, respectively. Increase of BPI showed a significant correlation with increase of Corr. Vn. This technique is easy to apply as an adjunct to SPECT and may be helpful in the measurement of brain perfusion changes in the acetazolamide test.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1994

[A case of pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed by percutaneous lung biopsy].

A 53-year-old male was admitted with complaint of bloody sputum. The chest X-ray film revealed a solitary round mass with cavity formation in the left upper lung field. A diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis was made by the percutaneous lung biopsy. As his chest X-ray film did not improve even by administration of antimycotic agents for 6 months, he underwent partial resection of left upper lobe. Thus, the percutaneous lung biopsy was a significant procedure for the definitive diagnosis of this case.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

[A female case of adenocarcinoma of the lung producing human chorionic gonadotropin].

A 72-year-old female was admitted with complaints of cough and sputum. The chest X-ray film revealed a solitary round mass and pleural effusion in the left lower lung field. Laboratory tests demonstrated elevated levels of serum HCG and beta-HCG. Left lower lobectomy with parietal pleurectomy was performed under the diagnosis of primary lung cancer with malignant effusion. The serum HCG level decreased after the operation. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as moderately differentiated papillo-tubular adenocarcinoma of the lung. In the HCG staining using an immunohistochemical method, the tumor cells showed a positive reaction. Thus, this tumor was definitively diagnosed to be HCG-producing adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical significance of extended mediastinal lymph node dissection on the basis of clinicopathological analysis of nodal involvement in bronchogenic carcinoma].

During the past 20 years, 1,064 cases of non-small cell lung cancer underwent resectional surgery in which all accessible mediastinal lymph nodes were dissected. Among 288 patients with histologically proven N2 disease, 182 underwent complete dissection of the mediastinal lymph nodes; 77 had one-level and 105 had multi-level metastases. Fifteen percent of the patients having primary lesions with a maximal diameter between 21 and 30 mm had N2 disease. Nodal metastases to the lower mediastinum from upper lobe cancer (nonregional metastasis) were frequently observed as were metastases of lower lobe cancer to the upper mediastinum. In addition, there were often skip metastases to the nonregional parts of the mediastinum without regional nodal involvement in the mediastinum. Among left-lung cancer patients, the group that underwent nodal dissection after mobilization of the aorta by dividing the Botallo's ligament frequently had a verified metastatic node at the tracheo-bronchial angle (#4) which might not have been detected without that procedure. In addition, many N2 and N3 diseases were detected by additional dissection through a median sternotomy. From the results of the present study, it appears that extensive mediastinal dissection should be recommended in surgery for lung cancer irrespective of the location and the size of the primary tumor.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗