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Biomedical subjects

S Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to S Murakami.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Piperastatin A, a new selective serine carboxypeptidase inhibitor produced by actinomycete. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation and biological activities.

Piperastatin A (structure, N-formyl-allo Ile-Thr-Leu-Val-Pip-Leu-Pip, Pip = hexahydropyridadine-3-carboxylic acid; molecular weight, 809), a new inhibitor of serine carboxypeptidase was discovered in the fermentation broth of Streptomyces lavendofoliae MJ908-WF13. It was purified by activated charcoal chromatography, YMC gel ODS-A chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) by monitoring its inhibitory activity against carboxypeptidase Y (CP-Y), and finally obtained as colourless needles. Piperastatin A is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with Ki = 52 +/- 6.2 nM. Piperastatin A is a highly specific inhibitor of the serine carboxypeptidases, CP-Y and platelet deamidase with little effect on related enzymes, has no antimicrobial activity and has low toxicity.

Carboxypeptidases↗
PubMed1996

Piperastatin A, a new selective serine carboxypeptidase inhibitor produced by actinomycete. II. Physico-chemical properties and structure determination.

Piperastatin A, a new inhibitor of serine carboxypeptidase, was discovered in the culture broth of Streptomyces lavendofoliae MJ908-WF13. The molecular formula of piperastatin A was established as C38H67N9C10 by HRFAB-MS and elemental analysis. The structure was determined to be N-formyl-allo Ile-Thr-Leu-Val-Pip-Leu-Pip (Pip = hexahydropyridadine-3-carboxylic acid) by various spectral analyses of piperastatin A and piperastatin A methylester.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

Piperastatin B: a new selective serine carboxypeptidase inhibitor from Streptomyces lavendofoliae MJ908-WF13.

Piperastatin B, a new inhibitor of serine carboxypeptidase was purified from a culture broth of Streptomyces lavendofoliae MJ908-WF13 as a minor component by monitoring its inhibitory activity against carboxypeptidase Y (CP-Y). Its structure was determined to be N-formyl-Val-Thr-Leu-Val-Pip-Leu-Pip (pip: piperazic acid, hexahydropyridadine-3-carboxylic acid). Piperastatin B is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of CP-Y (Ki = 55 nM) with little effect on related enzymes and resembles the major component, piperastatin A, in these respects.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

[Blood patch therapy of the perilymphatic fistulas--an experimental study].

Blood patch is a therapeutic procedure that uses a perilymphatic fistula to repair an inner ear window rupture by filling the tympanic cavity with autologous blood. The experimental study was conducted in 13 guinea pigs. Autologous blood or commercially available fibrin glue was poured into the otic bulla after artificial rupture of the round window. The animals were sacrificed immediately, or 1 to 7 days after the operation. The results showed that the blood or the fibrin glue successfully closed the window rupture by closing directly and by facilitating the formation of granulation at the margin of the rupture. Fibrin glue seemed to be preferable to autologous blood due to its non-toxic nature in the inner ear.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical features and prognosis of facial palsy and hearing loss in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome].

Clinical studies were performed on 325 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome who were treated in the Facial Nerve Clinic at Ehime University Hospital between 1976 and 1995. The clinical manifestations of Ramsay Hunt syndrome were various. Three major symptoms, auricular vesicles, facial paralysis and vestibulo-cochlear dysfunction, were found in 57.6% of the patients although these symptoms did not always appear simultaneously. Auricular vesicles appeared before (19.3%), during (46.5%), or after (34.2%) the onset of facial paralysis. Hearing loss was observed subjectively in only 20% but objectively in 48.2% of the patients. Hearing loss appeared before (34.3%), during (34.3%), or after (31.3%) the onset of facial paralysis. Complete recovery from facial paralysis was achieved in 52.4% of the patients. Good recovery of the facial nerve function was achieved in patients who had zoster vesicles or vestibulo-cochlear dysfunction preceding the development of facial paralysis. Complete recovery of hearing was also achieved in 45.4% of the patients, and the recovery was better in patients having light hearing loss, less than 35dB. The patients younger than 16 years old showed better recovery from both facial paralysis and hearing loss than the patients older than 60 years. Glossopharyngeal nerve or vagal nerve paralysis concomitant with facial paralysis was found in 8 (2.5%) patients. The outcome of glossopharyngeal nerve paralysis was good but that of the vagal nerve was poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Hard metal lung with diffuse small nodular shadows].

A 32-year-old woman was admitted to Niigata University Hospital with dyspnea and a non-productive cough. She had been exposed to hard metal dust for 4 years in a metal-polishing factory. Chest X-ray and CT films showed diffuse small nodular shadows in both lung fields and pulmonary-function tests revealed severe restrictive impairment. Specimens obtained by thoracoscopic lung biopsy showed fibrosis in the centers of lobules and in peribronchiolar regions. Giant-cell interstitial pneumonia-like findings were also noted. Tungsten carbide and cobalt were detected in these specimens, with an X-ray microanalyzer. Hard metal lung was diagnosed. By 1 year after she changed her place of work and began corticosteroid treatment her symptoms and pulmonary function had improved remarkably, although shadows on chest X-ray films remained to some extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Prognostic factors in stage D2 prostate cancer: results of univariate and multivariate analyses].

To evaluate prognostic factors in stage D2 prostate cancer, 235 patients who had been treated with endocrine therapy were investigated. With univariate analysis, performance status, hemoglobin concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, histological grade, extent of disease (EOD), and response of tumor markers at 3 months were shown to be significant prognostic factors. To compare these 7 factors, multivariate analyses was performed in 196 cases. Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that LDH, followed by response of tumor markers at 3 months, histological grade, and EOD were significant for predicting prognosis. We concluded that the patients whose serum LDH was above the normal range and/or whose tumor markers were not or had not been normalized 3 months after the onset of endocrine therapy were in the high risk group, and should be given more aggressive treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a case of hereditary spherocytosis].

A 62-year-old man with a history of hereditary spherocytosis had an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray film, but the shadow was not examined further. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of severe anemia, multiple gallstones, and splenomegaly. Acute cholecystitis developed due to gallstones. A smear of peripheral blood showed spherocytosis, and the osmotic fragility as measured by Parpart's method was abnormally high. These findings are consistent with hereditary spherocytosis. Splenectomy and cholecystectomy were done. The chest X-ray film, CT scan, and MRI revealed multiple well-demarcatd paravertebral masses. A biopsy of a mediastinal mass was done with an ultrasonically guided needle, and hyperplasic erythroid hemopoietic tissue was obtained. This finding led to the diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoeisis. We think extramedullary hematopoeisis should be included in the differential diagnosis of posterior mediastinal masses.

Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical management of leak in an esophageal anastomosis].

The best management of anastomotic leaks is "prevention". In reconstruction of the esophagogastric anastomosis, special care should be taken to avoid injuring the vascular arcades between the right and left gastroepiploic arteries. Similarly in the colon interposition procedures, careful selection of the proper vascular pedicle is of basic importance, not only to avoid anastomotic leakage but to prevent gangrene of the conduit. If leakage occurs, initial management of small leaks includes decompression of the gastric tube or interposed colon pulled up, TPN and generally administration of antibiotics. For larger leaks, adequate drainage should be carried out and the necrotized, gastric tube or colonic segment should be removed immediately, and feeding jejiunostomy should be established. Free flap transfers of neovascularized jejunal segments were performed in three cases in our department with satisfactory postoperative course in order to repairer a chronic larger leaks (a partial defect of the gastric wall).

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

[A clinical evaluation of fluconazole in deep seated fungal infections associated with hematological disorders].

The effectiveness of fluconazole on deep seated fungal infections associated with hematological disorders was evaluated in a multicenter clinical study. The underlying diseases included acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia, multiple myeloma and others. Fluconazole (FLCZ) was administrated 100-400 mg/day intravenously or orally to 79 patients with systemic fungal infections complicated with hematological disorders and it was possible to evaluate clinical efficacies in 60 patients. 27 patients were diagnosed as having determinate systemic fungal infections and 33 patients suspected fungal infections. The clinical efficacies were 81.5% (22/27) in patients with diagnosed fungal infections and 57.6% (19/33) in patients with suspected fungal infections. The overall clinical efficacy was 68.3% (41/60). No side effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms, vascular pain and renal dysfunction were observed in this study. As for abnormal laboratory test, transient increases in GOT, GPT, Al-P, LDH, serum Na, Cl and decrease in serum K were observed in 9 patients (11.4%). These results indicated that FLCZ has a high therapeutic efficacy on deep seated fungal infections in patients with hematological disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effect of the ACAT inhibitor, HL-004, on cholesterol metabolism in macrophages.

The effects of a novel acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, HL-004, on cholesterol metabolism were examined in mice peritoneal macrophages. Cholesteryl ester-rich foam cells were induced by incubating macrophages with acetylated LDL. HL-004 prevented the accumulation of cholesteryl ester in the presence of the cholesterol acceptor, HDL. In the absence of HDL, HL-004 generated large amounts of free cholesterol in the cell. Moreover, HL-004 stimulated the efflux of cholesterol from preestablished foam cells in the presence of HDL. These results suggest that the inhibition of foam cell formation and the stimulation of foam cell regression by HL-004 are attributed to intracellular ACAT inhibition, and that HL-004 would be expected to exhibit an antiatherosclerotic effect through direct action on arterial wall.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1996

[Acute subdural hematoma caused by professional boxing].

Knockout in boxing entails deliberate production of the state of unconsciousness. Acute subdural hematoma which is the most common acute brain injury in boxing, accounts for 75% of all acute brain injuries and is the leading cause of boxing fatalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate acute subdural hematoma caused by professional boxing by analyzing the content of bouts, the level of consciousness on admission, CT scan, therapy and outcome 3 months after admission. Fifteen boxers who had suffered from acute subdural hematoma were classified into three groups according to the pattern of loss of consciousness. Transient unconsciousness type (Transient type): boxers who had returned to alertness within an hour from the time of injury. Lucid interval type: neurological deterioration appeared with a lucid interval from ten minutes to an hour after knockout. Deterioration of consciousness type (Deterioration type): A state of unconsciousness appeared and worsened from a few minutes after knockout. Analyzing the number of rounds in bouts indicated that the hematoma occurred most frequently in bouts of 10 rounds. All of our subjects presented subdural hematomas without cerebral contusions on CT scan. With regard to the location of the hematomas, 9 hematomas involved the left side, 3 the right, 2 the suboccipit and 1 the interhemisphere. Transient type was found in 7 patients who had GCS scores of 14, 15 on admission. Since CT scan revealed thin subdural hematoma with or without mild midline shift, conservative therapy was carried out in all patients. All patients had a good recovery. Five patients of lucid interval type with an admission GCS score of 4, 6 and 7 demonstrated thicker hematoma compared to that presented by the transient type with significant midline shift on CT scan. All patients required surgery. Outcome of this type was good recovery (n = 2), moderate disability (n = 1), persistent vegetative state (n = 1), death (n = 1). Three patients of deterioration type had GCS scores of 5, 6. Because of subdural hematoma with remarkable midline shift on CT scan, all patients underwent surgery. Outcome was good recovery (n = 1), moderate disability (n = 1), persistent vegetative state (n = 1). Overall outcome was good recovery 66.7%, moderate disability 13.3%, persistent vegetative state 13.3%, death 6.7%. Furthermore, 8 patients who underwent surgery with a GCS score of less than 8 exhibited good recovery 37.5%, moderate disability 25%, persistent vegetative state 25%, death 12.5%. CT scan of lucid interval and deterioration type showed a tendency to show thick subdural hematoma and remarkable midline shift compared to transient type. Outcomes of lucid interval and deterioration type were worse than those of transient type. This result suggests that the influence of repeated head injury and diffuse brain injury might make a difference between these groups. Repeated head injury means that further impacts repeatedly damaged the injured brain after bleeding in the bouts. Overall outcome was better than that published in previous reports and also than that observed in other head injuries, for example, traffic accident and fall. The reasons for this could be that the patients were younger, that there was immediate surgical treatment, and that brain injury without cerebral contusion had contributed to better outcome. Finally, the best medical management intervention seems to be to diagnose and treat the lesions as early as possible after occurrence of subdural hematoma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Vesico-acetabular fistula occurring 10 years after total hip replacement].

An 85-year-old female, who had had a total hip replacement for osteoarthritis in 1985, presented with gross hematuria in June 1995. Cystoscopy revealed a non-papillary sessile tumor in the right side wall of the urinary bladder with a crateriform opening on the top. Computed tomographic (CT) scan and excretory urography demonstrated a fistulous communication between the bladder and the acetabular bed filled with cement. The biopsy of the mass lesion suggested inflammatory granuloma with powdered cement. Since the lesion was composed of internal fistula, and was not accompanied with infection, the patient was treated conservatively. No external fistula had formed during the 5 months of observation.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1996

[Sarcoidosis in an 82-year-old woman who presented with ocular symptoms].

An 82-year-old woman with blurred vision consulted an ophthalmologist. She was admitted to the hospital (internal medicine) for further examination because of uveitis and cataracts. A chest X-ray film and a CT scan showed interstitial infiltration in the right middle lung field, and a Ga-scintigram showed abnormal accumulation in the same area. The mediastinal lymph nodes were not swollen, and the left lung appeared to be normal. We diagnosed her illness as sarcoidosis because the CD4/CD8 of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the right B4 was greater than 5.0 and because examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy from the right B4 showed many non caseous epithelioid granulomas. In contrast bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the left B4 had a CD4/CD8 of less than 2.0 and examination of a biopsy specimen from the left B4 showed normal lung tissue. The lesion in this patient was only in the right lung, and was classified as Stage 3. However, because the lung fibrosis and the reduction in pulmonary function were minimal, the disease in this case did not fit the conventional classification into stages.

Aged↗