Drug-induced cardiovascular disorders.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Biomedical subjects
S Mukherjee
Publications and source records attributed to S Mukherjee.
Role of screening tests for gestational carbohydrate intolerance.
A variety of tests are available to screen gestational diabetes mellitus but there is disagreement about the value of these tests in screening it. One hundred-pregnant patients were selected at random for sequential gestational carbohydrate intolerance test (GCIT) with the purpose of identifying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at its earliest. Patients with values of GCIT above 120 mg% were advised to undergo glucose tolerance test (GTT). GCIT at random is a great strain on hospital resources. But GCIT can identify the patients who need a GTT for diagnosing GDM. In many cases of abnormal GCIT, GTT may be normal.
Adult↗
Absence of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism in psychotic patients receiving adjunctive electroconvulsive therapy.
The presence of movement disorders was ascertained blind to treatment status in 35 schizophrenic patients. All were on neuroleptics and receiving, or had received earlier during the index episode, adjunctive bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). None manifested signs of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (rigidity, bradykinesia, or abnormal gait). Fine tremor of the hands was noted in two patients, and only one met criteria for probable mild tardive dyskinesia. The implications of these findings for understanding neurological complications associated with schizophrenia and its treatment with ECT are discussed. The hypothesis is proposed that ECT protects against neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and thereby may reduce the risk for the subsequent development of tardive dyskinesia.
Acute Disease↗
Fluorophore environments in membrane-bound probes: a red edge excitation shift study.
A shift in the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission toward higher wavelengths, caused by a shift in the excitation wavelength toward the red edge of the absorption band, is termed the Red Edge Excitation Shift (REES). This effect is mostly observed with polar fluorophores in motionally restricted media such as very viscous solutions or condensed phases. In this paper, we report the red edge excitation shift of a membrane-bound phospholipid molecule whose headgroup is covalently labeled with a 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) moiety. When incorporated into model membranes of dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), the NBD-labeled phospholipid (NBD-PE), exhibits a red edge excitation shift of 10 nm. In addition, fluorescence polarization of NBD-PE in membranes shows both excitation and emission wavelength dependence. The nonpolar membrane probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) does not show red edge excitation shift in model membranes. The lifetime of NBD-PE in DOPC vesicles was found to be dependent on both excitation and emission wavelengths. These wavelength-dependent lifetimes are correlated to the reorientation of solvent dipoles around the excited-state dipole of the NBD moiety in the membrane. The magnitude of the red shift in the emission maximum for NBD-PE was found to be independent of temperature, between 12 and 54 degrees C, and of the physical state (gel or fluid) of the membrane. Taken together, these observations are indicative of the motional restriction experienced by this fluorophore in the membrane. Red edge excitation shift promises to be a powerful tool in probing membrane organization and dynamics.
Cell Membrane↗
Effects of aging on cholinephosphotransferase activity on guinea pig lung mitochondria and microsomes.
It is known that the composition of phospholipids in lung changes with age. The final step in the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of lung surfactant, by the CDP-choline pathway, requires the enzyme cholinephosphotransferase (CPT). Even though CPT has earlier been proposed to be located exclusively in the endoplasmic reticulum, we have recently demonstrated its presence also in the mitochondria. We have earlier reported a gestational variation of CPT activity in fetal mitochondria and microsomes. In the present study we examined the subcellular distribution of CPT activity in lung as a function of age. After birth, the microsomal CPT activity continued to increase until adulthood (24 wks of age), thereafter it gradually decreased. On the otherhand, the CPT activity of mitochondria continued to increase with the advancement of age and beyond 72 wks of age, it was approximately 2-fold higher than that of the microsomal fraction.
Aging↗
The effect of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke exposure on oxygen defense mechanisms of guinea pig erythrocytes.
We have studied the effects of short-term exposure of guinea pigs to cigarette smoke under both mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) conditions on the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation potential of erythrocytes. The smoke-exposed groups had an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and NADPH generating enzymes, and no change in the activity of catalase. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the in vitro lipid peroxidation potential of erythrocytes in both MS- and SS-exposed groups. However, the lipid peroxidation potential was higher in the MS-exposed group than that in the SS-exposed group.
Animals↗
In vitro accuracy and reproducibility of bone and soft tissue measurements by DXA.
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Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Effects of physical stress on peroxide scavengers in normal and sickle cell trait erythrocytes.
Sickle cell trait subjects are potentially at risk with microvascular complications frequently associated with high altitude and extreme exertion. Studies conducted in our laboratory suggest that exposure of sickle cell trait subjects to treadmill exercise resulted in an increase not only in the susceptibility of red blood cells to oxidation but also in the density of RBC membrane. The trend of increased susceptibility of red cells to oxidation as a consequence of exercise was associated with relatively excessive production of H2O2, inefficient breakdown of H2O2 by GSH-Px- and catalase-catalyzed reactions, and inability/failure to show a transitory increase in the activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-generating enzymes.
Adult↗
Cysteine, a chelating moiety for synthesis of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals--Part IV. Benzyl cysteine and derivatives.
To explore the possibility of utilizing cysteine derivatives for technetium-99m radiopharmaceutical preparation with clinical potential, we synthesized two benzyl substituted cysteine compounds, namely, S-benzyl cysteine 1 and cysteine benzyl ester 3. It was expected, from our previous studies on benzoyl cysteines, that the above two ligands after chelation with 99mTc would be excreted by the hepatobiliary pathway. Although for 99mTc-3 the above expectation was realized, 99mTc-1 behaved in a most unexpected way by affixing itself with kidney and selecting the renal tubular secretory pathway for its excretion. It is anticipated that the affinity of 99mTc-1 for kidney is due to its interaction with the kidney sulphhydryl group and it also formed an adduct with other sulphydryl containing compounds like thiophenol. In terms of the kidney-to-background ratio, 99mTc-1 showed some superiority over other kidney structure agents, like 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and 99mTc-glucoheptanoic acid and, therefore, the chelate (99mTc-1) may have the potential to replace the above two radiopharmaceuticals in clinical use.
Animals↗
Birth weight and CT scan findings in chronic schizophrenic patients.
The relations of birth weight to CT scan measures of lateral ventricular size, third ventricular size, frontal cortical sulcal prominence, and parieto-occipital cortical sulcal prominence were examined in 24 chronic schizophrenic patients. In contrast to the inverse correlation between birth weight and ventricular size found among offspring of schizophrenic parents in the Danish High-Risk Study, and the predictions of the subsequent hypothesis, no significant relations between birth weight and CT scan measures were observed in this study.
Adult↗
Random walks on random systems: Eigenspectrum of large Markov matrices.
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Journal Article↗
Post-dexamethasone cortisol levels and computerized tomographic findings in manic patients.
The relations of post-dexamethasone cortisol levels to computerized tomography (CT) scan findings of lateral and third ventricle size and cortical sulcal prominence rated separately for frontal and parieto-occipital distributions were examined in 15 manic patients. Failure to suppress endogenous cortisol after a dexamethasone challenge was associated with larger third ventricles, but not to any of the other CT scan measures.
Adult↗
Chloroquine induced mania.
OBJECTIVE: To find out whether chloroquine by itself can induce a manic syndrome and to study the course of illness in such cases. METHOD: All cases of manic episodes occurring in clear consciousness were scrutinized and those occurring after the use of chloroquine were included in the study. One case seen by one of the authors in the community was included. The cases were followed for variable periods. RESULTS: Six cases of chloroquine induced mania were identified of which two subtypes could be delineated with heterogeneous course, variable severity and difference in susceptibility of recurrence with rechallenge. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that chloroquine can cause secondary mania and it should be used cautiously in the predisposed.
Adolescent↗
Lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomal membranes isolated from mice in health and in experimental leishmaniasis.
Normal hepatic microsomal membranes when exposed in vitro to different free radicals, cause membrane damage by lipid peroxidation which could be monitored by the analysis of malonaldehyde formation and measurement of membrane microviscosity. Lipid peroxidation in vivo, when examined in hepatic microsomal membranes in experimental Leishmaniasis, reveals a direct relationship between membrane microviscosity and the extent of lipid peroxidation. Scavengers of free radicals and peroxides such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) for O2.-, mannitol for (OH.) and catalase for H2O2 in modest amounts were used for preventing the membrane damage caused by lipid peroxidation.
Animals↗
Tuberculous endometritis in hills of Darjeeling: a clinicopathological and bacteriological study.
Combined histological and bacteriological investigations of 800 specimens of nonpregnant endometrial curettings of 15 to 60 years age group of hill women of Darjeeling District were carried out for detection of tuberculous endometritis. The principal complaints were infertility (47.5 per cent), abnormal uterine bleeding (30.75 per cent), amenorrhoea (11.25 per cent), leucorrhoea (6.25 per cent), and miscellaneous conditions (pelvic pain and pyometra) (4.25 per cent) cases. By histological examination alone, only 10.9 per cent cases could be diagnosed while by combined study the incidence rate was 11.8 percent, an increase in the diagnostic acumen by more than 10.3 per cent. Bacteriological study was of greater value in doubtful cases where there was absence of tuberculous granuloma or epithelioid cell but presence of nonspecific inflammatory cells along with variable degree of necrosis of glandular epithelia. The incidence of M.tuberculosis was 97.7 percent while that of atypical mycobacteria was 2.3 per cent. Thus simultaneous use of culture and biopsy yielded better results. Our prevalence is a little higher than other reports from India. In cold weather at a high altitude, the tubercle bacilli survive longer in fomites which serve as important sources of infection in Darjeeling. Women of third decade are more frequently affected (43.2 per cent).
Adolescent↗
AIDS today.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Various questions on AIDS.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Q-wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction--prospective study.
Fifty patients each of Q-wave myocardial infarction (QMI) and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (NQMI) were studied clinically and followed up for one year. Significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning the mean age (higher in NQMI, p < 0.05), sex (more females in NQMI, p < 0.01), location of the infarct (inferior in QMI and anterolateral in NQMI, p < 0.01), past ischaemic episodes (higher in NQMI, p < 0.001), post infarction ischaemic episodes (higher in NQMI, p < 0.05), early mechanical and electrical complications (higher in QMI, p < 0.05), peak serum enzyme levels (higher in QMI, p < 0.05) and both early mortality (higher in QMI, p < 0.05) and subsequent mortality rates (higher in NQMI, p < 0.05). The total one year mortality was similar in both the groups (30%). When only anterolateral infarctions were considered longterm prognosis for QMI patients was worse than that of NQMI patients (65% vs 37.5%, p < 0.05). Contrariwise, irrespective of the type of infarction, QMI or NQMI, anterolateral infarction resulted in higher mortality than inferior wall infarction (46.7% vs 5% p < 0.001).
Electrocardiography↗