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Biomedical subjects

S Motoyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to S Motoyoshi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[The mode of anti-inflammatory action of a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, etofenamate].

In order to ascertain the mode of anti-inflammatory action of a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, etofenamate which is a diethylene glycol ester of flufenamic acid, the in vitro test for the mechanism of the action were carried out. Etofenamate (3 microM) was hydrolysed to flufenamic acid at a rate of 39.5% and 57.0% of the dose during 30 and 60 min incubation, respectively, when incubated with rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated with starch and bacto peptone in phosphate-buffered saline. PGE2 generation by these cells in MEM medium was dose-relatedly inhibited with etofenamate as well as flufenamic acid at the dosage range of 1 to 30 microM. This suggests that unchanged etofenamate is active, since the highest conversion rate of etofenamate to flufenamic acid was 15% of the dose during the incubation. Etofenamate produced a dose-related inhibition against lipoxygenase prepared from peritoneal polymorphonuclear leucocytes of guinea pigs, and its activity (IC50 = 5.3 X 10(-5) M) was stronger than that of caffeic acid; flufenamic acid was inactive. Inhibitory activity of etofenamate was one-third or less that of flufenamic acid against the hypotonic-hyperthermic lysis of rat erythrocytes and heat-denaturation of bovine serum albumin. From these results, it was suggested that topically applied etofenamate produces its anti-inflammatory action through prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by flufenamic acid produced in the inflammatory tissue and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by macrophages and lipoxygenase inhibition by unchanged etofenamate.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

[Damaging action of human recombinant TNF on tumor vessels as an aspect of its anti-neoplastic action against Meth A sarcoma in mice].

Effect of human recombinant TNF (rHu-TNF) on tumor blood vessels was investigated in relation to its mode of anti-neoplastic action against Meth A sarcoma in BALB/c mice. The extent of the blood vessel lesion was evaluated by measuring the degrees of blueing and hemorrhage after intravenous injection of Evan's blue. When injected intravenously into mice bearing Meth A cells in the abdominal skin transplanted 8 days previously, rHu-TNF, at doses of 3000 and 10,000 units/mouse produced dose-related lesioning of blood vessels in the sarcoma and the adjacent skin but not in the skin distant from the sarcoma. Similar lesioning of blood vessels in the adjacent skin was seen after intravenous administration of 10,000 units/mouse of rHu-TNF in mice with the sarcoma in which the cells had been selectively killed by intratumoral injection of acetic acid (20%, 0.01 ml). On the other hand, rHu-TNF (10,000 units/mouse, i.v.) produced weak lesioning of blood vessels in the granuloma tissue caused by subcutaneous implantation of felt pellets and in the adjacent skin but not in the operation wound in mice with the sarcoma. These results suggest that rHu-TNF damages newly formed blood vessels, particularly those connected with the sarcoma, without influencing blood vessels in normal skin and healing wounds in mice with Meth A sarcoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dexamethasone fails to produce antipyretic and analgesic actions in experimental animals.

In order to explore the role of phospholipase A2 inhibition in the mechanisms of the action of glucocorticoids, it was investigated whether the steroid exhibits the analgesic and antipyretic actions as well as cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors such as indomethacin or not. Dexamethasone has been reported to produce the anti-inflammatory action with a lag time of at least 1 h at doses of up to 0.1 mg/kg in mice and rats. However, dexamethasone when given 4 h beforehand had no significant analgesic activity even at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg i.v. in the acetic acid writhing test in rats. In mice, the significant reduction in writhes counts was seen when dexamethasone (1 and 10 mg/kg i.v.) was given 15 min or 4 h before phenylquinone injection; i.e. the activity had not the lag time. On the other hand, dexamethasone showed a strong antipyretic activity against both the fevers caused by LPS and yeast in rats. In the yeast-febrile rats, the antipyretic activity had a lag time of about 1 h, and was dose-related at doses as low as 0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.; the steroid markedly reduced the increased PGE2 content in the cerebrospinal fluid. The antipyretic activity after local injection into the cerebroventricle or the yeast pouch was stronger than that after systemic injection into the tail vein, although so large a difference in the activity between the dosage routes was not seen, suggesting that the site of the antipyretic action is in both the brain and periphery. The antipyretic activity of dexamethasone (10 mg/kg i.v.) was not seen in rabbits with fever caused by LPS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analgesics↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of prostaglandin generation in the rabbit brain in-vivo by AD-1590, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent antipyretic activity.

The inhibition of prostaglandin generation by AD-1590 was investigated in the rabbit brain in-vivo. AD-1590 (0.4 mg kg-1 i.v.) markedly prevented both the increases in body temperature and PGE2 level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) caused by i.v. injection of lipopolysaccharide. On the other hand, 2,4-dinitrophenol (20 mg kg-1 i.v.)-induced hyperthermia, which was not affected by AD-1590, was not accompanied by an increase in PGE2 level in CSF. When injected intracerebroventricularly, AD-1590 dose-dependently inhibited the hyperthermia caused by arachidonic acid given by the same route; its ED50 was 1.6 micrograms compared with about 35 micrograms for indomethacin. From these results, it is suggested that AD-1590 is more active than indomethacin in suppressing prostaglandin synthetase in rabbit brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The pharmacological profile of 2-(8-methyl-10,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,f]oxepin-2-yl)propionic acid (AD-1590), a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent antipyretic activity.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and gastrointestinal ulcerogenic activities of 2-(8-methyl-10,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz(b,f]oxepin-2-yl)propionic acid (AD-1590), a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were compared with indomethacin (INN: indomethacin) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in experimental animals. AD-1590 showed the potent inhibitory activity on acute and subacute inflammation such as carrageenin hind paw edema (oral ED50 = 1.35 mg/kg), acetic acid-induced increased vascular permeability (0.205 mg/kg), UV-erythema (0.295 mg/kg) and felt pellet-induced granuloma formation (1.7 mg/kg), and its potency was on the whole 2 to 3 times that of indomethacin. Oral analgesic ED50-values of AD-1590 were 0.245, 8.32 and 13.9 mg/kg in the writhing tests, and 2.45 mg/kg in the silver nitrate-induced arthritic pain test. Analgesic potency of AD-1590 was on the whole comparable to that of indomethacin. Against the pyrexia caused by two kinds of pyrogens (yeast and adjuvant), AD-1590 exerted a strong antipyretic action at oral doses as low as 0.02 to 0.1 mg/kg, and its potency (ED50 equal 0.0210 and 0.0406 mg/kg) was 8.7 to 11 times that of indomethacin. , AD-1590 displayed the antipyretic activity at low doses which were widely different from its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effective dose. The body temperature was not affected by 20 mg/kg p.o. of AD-1590 in the afebrile animals. AD-1590 was the strongest antipyretic drug among 10 NSAID tested. In rats, AD-1590 produced gastrointestinal ulcer similar to indomethacin, and its gastric ulcerogenicity (SUD50 equal 13.8 mg/kg p.o.) was about one-half that of indomethacin. The activity of AD-1590 in the fecal occult bleeding test in beagle dogs was weaker than that of indomethacin. The potency of AD-1590 (IC50 equal 0.78 mumol/l) as a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor was about 2.7 times that of indomethacin in the in vitro test. The safety index (SUD50/ED50) of AD-1590 was larger than that of indomethacin, extremely large (the index equal 657 and 340) in the antipyretic activity. Besides, acute lethal toxicity of AD-1590 (oral LD50 equal 147 mg/kg in rats, 500 mg/kg in mice) was about 1/8 and 1/24 that of indomethacin. From these results, it was suggested that AD-1590 had extraordinarily potent antipyretic activity, potent anti-inflammatory activity superior to indomethacin, analgesic activity equivalent to indomethacin, and a wide safety margin.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Analgesic and other pharmacological activities of an enkephalin analogue, syndyphalin (SD)-25.

The pharmacological actions of Tyr-D-Met(O)-Gly-MePheol (syndyphalin (SD)-25) were compared with those of morphine after systemic administration. The analgesic potency of SD-25 was about 4 times that of morphine when administered s.c. to rats. SD-25 did not exhibit any narcotic antagonist activity. Subcutaneous administration of SD-25 produced a dose-dependent suppression of morphine withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats, typical morphine-like jumping in the mouse jumping test, and an increase in spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. These activities were 2-5 times those of morphine. In the anaesthetized dog, intravenous administration of SD-25 produced a 100-1000 times stronger increase in the amplitude of contractions of the jejunum than did morphine, a weaker depression in respiration than morphine, and a slight increase in blood pressure. These effects were reversed by naloxone. These results indicate that SD-25 possesses potent central nervous system actions closely similar to those of morphine, but its effect on blood pressure and respiration was weaker than that of morphine.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1982

[Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, etofenamate, in experimental animals].

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities of orally administered etofenamate, the diethylene glycol ester of flufenamic acid, were investigated in experimental animals. Against acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice and ultra-violet light-induced erythema in guinea pigs, etofenamate produced a dose related inhibition at doses of 40--320 mg/kg and 5--20 mg/kg, respectively. In rats, felt-pellet-induced granuloma formation and adjuvant-induced arthritis were significantly inhibited by repeated administration of etofenamate at doses of 20 mg/kg/day for 5 days and 40 mg/kg/day for 21 days, respectively. Etofenamate showed an inhibitory activity on the squeak response caused by flexing and extending the silver nitrate-induced arthritic joint in rats; and it produced a dose related anti-writhing activity at doses of 50--300 mg/kg and 10--80 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Etofenamate showed a significant anti-pyretic activity at doses of 0.2 mg/kg or more. These potencies of etofenamate were 0.5 to 1.6 times those of flufenamic acid. In particular, the anti-erythema, anti-arthritis, and anti-pyretic activities of etofenamate were approximately equivalent to or superior to those of flufenamic acid. From these results, it was suggested that etofenamate given orally, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities in experimental animals.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1982

[Anti-inflammatory activity of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, zomepirac sodium, in experimental animals].

Anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal ulcerogenic activities of zomepirac sodium were investigated in experimental animals. The inhibitory activity of zomepirac sodium against carrageenin hind paw edema in rats, acetic acid-induced increase in vascular permeability in mice, and UV-erythema in guinea pigs was more potent than that of indomethacin. Anti-edema activity of zomepirac sodium was seen in adrenalectomized rats. Zomepirac sodium, like indomethacin, inhibited the delayed phase of hind paw edema produced by mixed phlogistics, but not the early phase mediated by histamine and serotonin in rats. Zomepirac sodium produced a dose-dependent inhibition against granuloma formation, established adjuvant arthritis, and development of adjuvant arthritis in rats; and its activity was slightly less potent than that of indomethacin. The inhibitory activity of zomepirac sodium on PGE2 biosynthesis in vitro was about one-third that of indomethacin. The ulcerogenic activity of zomepirac sodium was about 5 times weaker than that of indomethacin. From these results, it was suggested that zomepirac sodium was effective on various types of inflammation and showed particularly potent inhibitory activity against acute inflammation. These findings suggest that the mode of action of zomepirac sodium is similar to that of other acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1982

[Anti-edema activity of a trans-cutaneous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, etofenamate gel, in rats].

Local anti-inflammatory activity of etofenamate gel (5% etofenamate) was investigated in rats. Etofenamate gel (5--50 mg/paw) produced a dose related inhibition in the hind paw edema caused by carrageenin with a topical application to the inflamed paw, and its ED50-value was 33.0 mg/paw. A weak but significant inhibiton was seen with an application of 50 mg/paw to the non-inflamed paw, but not with 10 mg/paw. Anti-edema activity of oral etofenamate (ED50 = 8.49 mg/kg) was comparable to flufenamic acid. Against the hind paw edema caused by a mixture of kaolin and carrageenin, etofenamate gel showed a significant therapeutic activity with repeated application of 10--50 mg/paw to the inflamed paw, but not with 10 mg/paw to the non-inflamed paw. Etofenamate gel (50 mg/paw/day), applied topically to the inflamed hind paw of adjuvant rats, showed a significant therapeutic activity. The potency of oral etofenamate (4--8 mg/kg/day) in adjuvant rats was comparable to flufenamic acid. No gastrointestinal ulcer was produced by a topical application of etofenamate gel (up to 1,000 mg/rat) to the clipped skin, though oral etofenamate (40 mg/kg) produced the ulcer. From these results, it was suggested that etofenamate gel, applied to the skin of rats, showed local anti-edema activity approximately comparable to oral etofenamate, and the ratio of ulcerogenic effective to anti-edema dose of etofenamate gel was larger than that of oral etofenamate.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a trans-cutaneous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, etofenamate gel].

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of topically applied etofenamate gel (5% etofenamate) were investigated in experimental animals. Etofenamate gel showed a dose related inhibition against vascular permeability caused by histamine in mice and ultra violet light-induced erythema in guinea pigs at doses of 10--100 mg/site and 25--200 (ED50 = 26.6) mg/site, respectively. The erythema was not inhibited with its topical application of 100 mg/site to the skin distant from the erythema. Granuloma formation, caused by felt-pellet implantation, was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by repeated application of etofenamate gel (10--100 mg/site/day). Etofenamate gel inhibited the pain-like responses in both the arthritic joint and the edematous hind paw of rats with 50--200 mg/joint and 100 mg/paw, respectively. In these tests, the vehicle gel did not show any significant activity. The potency of etofenamate gel was stronger than that of adrenal-extracts ointment (Mobilat) and approximately comparable to indomethacin ointment (1% indomethacin) in a weight basis of formulations. Topical application of etofenamate (0.5--2 mg/ear) resulted in a dose related decrease of contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone in mice, and its activity was nearly equipotent to flufenamic acid and about one-fourth that of indomethacin. From these results, it was suggested that etofenamate gel, applied topically to the inflamed tissue, showed a certain inhibitory activity against acute and subacute-chronic inflammation and inflammatory pain-like responses.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Analgesic and other pharmacological activities of a new narcotic antagonist analgesic (-)-1-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethyl]-piperazine and its enantiomorph in experimental animals.

Of 1-chclohexyl-4-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethyl]piperazine (I) and its 1-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) derivative (II), the S(+)-isomers were analgesically more active than either their +(-)-isomers or their racemates, having 15 to 44 times the potency of morphine in mice and rats. R(-)-I had comparable analgesic activity to morphine R(-)-II to pentazocine in mice, rats and dogs and they were nearly equipotent with pentazocine in reversing some actions of morphine. The S(+)-isomers and racemates lacked this action. R(-)-II required about 10 times more naloxone to reverse its analgesic activity than was needed to antagonise the S(+)-isomers, morphine and pentazocine. The S(+)-isomers and racemates produce a typical Straub tail reaction and increased spontaneous locomotor activity in mice, but the R(-)-isomers did not. R(-)-II had no significant physical dependence liability in mice, rats and monkeys. From these results, it is suggested that the compounds show an uncommon steroselectivity in comparison with morphine and its surrogates, and that R(-)-II is worth investigating further as a narcotic antagonist analgesic.

Analgesics↗