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Biomedical subjects

S Motoyama

Publications and source records attributed to S Motoyama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[An analysis of the mechanism of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia following resection of thoracic esophageal cancer in terms of hepatic venous oxygen saturation and excessive systemic reactions].

Hepatic venous oxygen saturation (ShvO2), parameters of systemic circulation and cytokine (Interleukin 6) (IL-6)) level were measured in 21 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer in order to analyze the mechanism of occurrence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia (PHB). ShvO2 fell during operation, especially during intrathoracic procedures, and a significant correlation was noted between the total time during which ShvO2 was below 60% and the postoperative peak serum bilirubin level (peak-Bil) (r = 0.595, p = 0.0037). Patients with PHB (group H) had worse systemic circulation and a lower oxygen supply postoperatively than patients without PHB (group N). Body weight and water balance recovered earlier in group N. Postoperatively, numbers of peripheral lymphocytes and platelets changed lower in group H, while CRP and IL-6 changed higher in group H. Furthermore, a significant correlation was noted between the IL-6 level just after operation and peak-Bil (r = 0.669, p = 0.0006). These results suggests PHB results from intraoperative liver hypoxia and poor postoperative systemic circulation. Individual severeness of reactions to the operative stress, excessive or adequate, plays a role in the occurrence of PHB as well.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Hydrogen peroxide derived from hepatocytes induces sinusoidal endothelial cell apoptosis in perfused hypoxic rat liver.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Evidence is accumulating that hypoxic liver injury involves not only necrosis but also apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species can cause apoptosis. This study examined the hypothesis that H2O2 induces apoptosis in hypoxic rat liver. METHODS: Blood-perfused rat livers were made hypoxic by reducing the perfusion flow. H2O2 was detected by both 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluoroimaging and cerium electron-microscopic methods. To evaluate the apoptosis, the liver was stained with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. To further investigate the involvement of H2O2 in hypoxia-induced liver cell apoptosis, small pieces of liver in the cultured media were exposed to 0.5 mmol/L of reagent H2O2 and stained with the TUNEL method. RESULTS: In the hypoxic liver, H2O2 was produced predominantly by hepatocytes, and the number of apoptotic nonparenchymal cells was significantly increased, particularly in the midzone. All the apoptotic cells were positively stained with monoclonal antibody against the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). In incubated liver pieces, reagent H2O2 induced apoptosis selectively in SECs. CONCLUSIONS: Low-flow hypoxia induces H2O2 production in hepatocytes, and this H2O2 induces apoptosis selectively in SECs in the rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Serum antibodies to human herpesvirus 7, human herpesvirus 6 and cytomegalovirus in patients with idiopathic facial nerve palsy or sudden deafness.

The aetiology of idiopathic facial nerve palsy (Bell's palsy) and sudden deafness are not known, although viruses have been suspected as a cause of them. We investigated the relationship between Bell's palsy or sudden deafness, and reactivation of cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and 7 (HHV-7). Paired sera were collected from 22 patients with Bell's palsy and 24 patients with sudden deafness. IgG antibody titres to HHV-7 were increased in one patient with Bell's palsy. IgG antibody titres to HHV-6 were increased in one patient with Bell's palsy and two with sudden deafness. IgG antibody titres to cytomegalovirus were increased in one patient with sudden deafness. Titres of the three viral antibodies were not increased simultaneously in any patients. These viruses may contribute to the development of Bell's palsy or sudden deafness in some cases. It is, however, unlikely that these viruses are the main cause of Bell's palsy and sudden deafness in the majority of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Factors regulating SCC antigen expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Expression of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen emerged concurrently with squamous formation of the uterine cervix and increased during the neoplastic transformation of the cervical squamous epithelium. SCC antigen expression differed considerably among the histomorphologic cell types of cervical carcinoma. Large cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma contained high levels of the antigen. In contrast, no appreciable expression of SCC antigen was observed in small cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma. The pattern of SCC antigen expression closely coincided with EGF receptor (EGF-R) expression in cervical squamous neoplasia. This suggests that the expression of SCC and EGF-R in cervical carcinoma is related to the differentiation or dedifferentiation processes of the tumor cells. SCC production by CaSki cervical epidermoid carcinoma cells was stimulated by EGF. It seems likely that an autocrine system, in which EGF serves as the signal, may exist in cervical squamous carcinoma. 17beta-estradiol and L-triiodothyronine were found to upregulate EGF-R expression, proliferative potential and SCC production in the CaSki cervical carcinoma cells.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1998

The requirement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 for neutrophil respiratory burst in the pulmonary circulation of rats infused with endotoxin.

Recently, we demonstrated direct evidence of respiratory burst of the neutrophil in the pulmonary circulation of the endotoxin-infused rat (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995;152:348-354). To determine the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in this model, we neutralized ICAM-1 using antirat ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1A29. We observed and measured the number of sticking leukocytes and the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the pulmonary circulation of the endotoxin-infused rat by means of a fluoro-imaging technique. The rats received 4.5 mg/kg/h of endotoxin for 2 h. Ten rats received 2 mg/kg of mAb 1A29 20 min before the intravenous infusion of endotoxin. Although the pretreatment with mAb 1A29 did not reduce the number of leukocytes sticking to the pulmonary capillaries, it almost completely inhibited the H2O2 production of leukocytes in the rat lung infused with endotoxin. We confirmed that the leukocytes that produced H2O2 were neutrophil by an electron microscopic cerium technique. We conclude that, although ICAM-1 is not necessary for neutrophil to stick to the capillary in the rat pulmonary circulation infused with endotoxin, ICAM-1 is required for neutrophil H2O2 production in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Limulus factor D, a 43-kDa protein isolated from horseshoe crab hemocytes, is a serine protease homologue with antimicrobial activity.

A glycoprotein (Mr = 43,000) from horseshoe crab hemocytes with antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria was purified. The internal peptide sequences coincided exactly with the deduced amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone, designated limulus factor D, which was isolated by screening a hemocyte cDNA library with an anti-human plasminogen antibody. The open reading frame codes for a precursor of factor D of 394 amino acid residues, including an NH2-terminal signal sequence. The COOH-terminal domain of factor D has significant sequence homology with the catalytic domain of mammalian serine proteases, in particular with human tissue plasminogen activator (32% identity), except for the substitution of Ser of the active site triad to Gly. Factor D has a unique NH2-terminal domain with weak sequence homology with part of the mammalian interleukin-6 receptor alpha-chain. Factor D is likely to have an important role in host defense mechanisms.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Reversible affinity labeling of opioid receptors via disulfide bonding: discriminative labeling of mu and delta subtypes by chemically activated thiol-containing enkephalin analogs.

The 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) group bound to a mercapto group is a highly activated electrophilic reagent, which only reacts with a free mercapto group to form a disulfide bond via the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. We incorporated the Npys group into enkephalin analogs to affinity label mu and delta opioid receptors. When rat brain membranes were incubated with [D-Ala2,Leu(CH2SNpys)5]enkephalin, and assayed for the inhibition of binding of DAGO and DSLET enkephalin analogs to opioid receptors, the number of receptors decreased sharply, depending upon the concentration of this SNpys-containing enkephalin. It was found that this enkephalin analog occupies mu receptors highly specifically (EC50 = 51 nM) and almost 100 times more selectively than delta receptors. In contrast, [D-Ala2,Leu5]enkephalyl-Cys(Npys)6 attached covalently to delta receptors (EC50 = 34 nM) about 150 times more selectively than to mu receptors. Although N-ethylmaleimide also inhibited the binding of DAGO and DSLET, four to six orders of magnitude higher concentrations were required as compared to SNpys-containing enkephalins. When enkephalin-bound rat membranes were treated with dithiothreitol, the loss of receptors was reversed, depending upon the concentration of and incubation time with dithiothreitol. The recovery was much faster (about 1,000 times) for delta receptors than for mu receptors. The present results indicated that both mu and delta receptors in rat brain consist of a free mercapto group near the enkephalin binding site and that SNpys-containing enkephalins can label these mercapto groups discriminatively. The disulfide bond between [D-Ala2,Leu5]enkephalyl-Cys6 and delta receptors appears to be exposed, while that between [D-Ala2,Leu(CH2-SNpys)5] enkephalin and mu receptors is shielded.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1995

[A case of primary pulmonary hemangiopericytoma recurred locally 10 years after the first surgery].

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor of vascular origin. This tumor has a malignant potential and often recurs or metastasize. A case of primary pulmonary hemangiopericytoma which recurred locally 10 years after the first surgery is presented. The histological appearance of the tumor had some findings of malignant potential in both of the primary and recurrent lesions. We discussed on malignant potential of this tumor in the number of mitotic figures, cellular atipia, and DNA ploidy pattern.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Retrospective study of sputum culture after esophagectomy].

We retrospectively investigated the sputum cultures of patients who underwent esophagectomy (n = 104) from just after operation to 11 postoperative days and evaluated the factors which influenced the cultures. We divided the 0-11 postoperative days into three periods (0-3 postoperative days (p.o.d.), 4-7 p.o.d., 8-11 p.o.d.). The sputum cultures were positive at a rate of 56.7% to 65.4% of patients during the period of observation (0-11 p.o.d.). Gram-negative bacillus was mostly detected. MRSA increased time-dependently. Diabetes mellitus, preoperative irradiation recurrent nerve palsy did not influence the positive rate of the sputum cultures. The positive rate of gram-negative bacillus and gram gram-positive coccus in the sputum of the patients who were given sefem-first generation antibiotics was lower than of patients who were given sefem-second generation antibiotics at 8-11 p.o.d. (p < 0.05). The positive rate of gram-negative bacillus in the sputum of patients who underwent esophagectomy with laryngectomy for cervical esophageal cancer was lower than that of patients who underwent esophagectomy without laryngectomy for thoracic or abdominal esophageal cancer at 4-7 p.o.d. (p < 0.05). The positive rate of gram-negative bacillus in the sputum of patients who underwent intraoperative tracheostomy was lower than that of patients who did not undergo intraoperative tracheostomy at 4-11 p.o.d. No patients had pneumonia during the period of observation except for the secondary lung complications. In conclusion, although we have done a good job of management, we should select the appropriate antibiotics with the patient's background in mind.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Sleep apnea and sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with craniofacial synostosis.

Seventeen patients with craniofacial synostosis (CFS) have been treated at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Osaka Medical College during the past 10 years. Six patients were thoroughly evaluated at the Department of Otolaryngology by polysomnography (PSG), cephalometric X-ray and nasopharyngoscopy during sleep. In 4 of the patients PSG showed obstructive sleep apnea syndromes (OSAS). Heavy snoring without apnea and paradoxical respiration were noted in the other 2 patients. Thus, all of the patients had sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). It is assumed that the incidence of SRBD in CFS is high. Cephalometric analysis and profilogram showed maxillomandibular hypoplasia in each patient, and it was assumed that the main cause of SRBD in CFS was stenosis of the upper airway tract caused by maxillo-mandibular hypoplasia. Nasopharyngoscopy was performed during sleep in 2 patients with OSAS secondary to CFS. One patient with adenotonsillar hypertrophy had nasopharyngeal obstruction and another patient whose posterior airway space (PAS) on cephalometric radiograph was 3 mm (normal value: 11 mm) had obstruction at the tongue base.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1993

[Human herpesvirus-6 antibodies in idiopathic facial nerve palsy and sudden deafness].

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is the causative agent for exanthem subitum. This study investigated the relationship between idiopathic facial nerve palsy (Bell's palsy), sudden deafness and HHV-6 infection. Both Bell's palsy and sudden deafness are syndromes which causes are unknown. Both of them are suspected viral infection as causative agents. Paired sera from 22 patients of Bell's palsy and 39 patients of sudden deafness were examined for reactivity to HHV-6 by the indirect immunofluorescence test. On a case of Bell's palsy and two cases of sudden deafness each of the HHV-6 antibody titers was increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A uterine muscle contractile substance obtained from a human placental cDNA library.

A cDNA clone coding for an oxytocin-like substance was prepared from a human placental cDNA library using oxytocin antiserum. The cDNA size was approximately 900 bp. A mammalian expression vector containing the cDNA was constructed and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The expression of immunoreactivity to oxytocin antiserum was observed by radioimmunoassay. The cultured medium of the transfected cells was assayed for uterine muscle contractile bioactivity using a Magnus apparatus. Bioactivity was eliminated by incubation with oxytocin antiserum. Thus, the cDNA clone, screened with oxytocin antibody, is surmised to code for an oxytocin-like activity, but the nucleotide and amino acid sequences responsible for the biological activity remain to be clarified.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Study on oxytocin secretion from the guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex (HNC) in organ culture].

To clarify the mechanism of OT secretion of hypothalamus and pituitary origin, in vitro, the guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex (HNC) was utilized in this study. The HNC, including paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, was removed and maintained in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium (pH 7.4) for 7 days at 37 degrees C in a 95% air 5% CO2 environment. The OT content in the hypothalamus and the pituitary remained constant during the period of culture of the HNC. Synthetic OT, hypothalamus or pituitary extracts were eluted separately by ion exchange chromatography and the elution patterns obtained were similar. The stimulation of the HNC with 100mM KCl in the culture caused an increase in OT release. These results suggest that the cultured HNC can be a useful in vitro model for studies of the OT secretion mechanism. After adding several substances to the culture medium, the amount of OT release from the HNC into the culture medium over a 20 minute period, was measured by our own radioimmunoassay. The addition of prostaglandin F2 alpha to the HNC resulted in an increase in OT release while stimulation of D2 or E2 failed to increase. Stimulation of the HNC with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) produced an increase in OT release, suggesting the existence of a positive feedback effect of VIP on OT release.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Human placental oxytocin and its increase by prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha].

To investigate the physiological roles of human placental oxytocin (OT)-like substance, partial purification of human placental extract and placental tissue culture were carried out. 1. Both oxytocic immunoreaction in our own specific radioimmunoassay and bioaction on rat uterine contraction were observed in the larger (MW greater than or equal to 5,000) and the smaller molecular part (MW not equal to 1,000) in partially purified placental extracts by gel-filtration using Sephadex G-25. 2. Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha enhanced the immunoreactive OT in the cultured human term placental tissue at doses of 1-100 micrograms/ml. These findings are considered to be significant in basic studies of human placental OT-like substance.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Follow-up study of children born following immunization therapy for habitual abortions].

A follow up study was carried out on 24 children whose mothers were treated with HLA immunization as therapy for habitual abortion. Among 350 couples who had experienced recurrent spontaneous abortions registered at this clinic, 117 women were immunized with their husbands' leucocytes. Seventy became pregnant and so far 24 have delivered. The sex ratio of the babies was 16 males to 8 females. The average body weight and height at birth were 3,294 +/- 88.5 g (mean +/- S.E., male) and 3,079 +/- 114.4 g (female), 50.0 +/- 0.38 cm (male) and 49.0 +/- 0.60 cm (female), respectively. Average gestational duration was 39.0 +/- 0.23 weeks and mean labor hours were 7.0 +/- 0.73 without any complication except two cesarean sections. Four out of 24 children were more than 2 years old and 12 were less than one year old. All of them were interviewed or investigated by questionnaires on the developments of body weight, height, sensory organs as well as dental development after birth. Emotional and other physical developments and history of disease after the neonatal period were also examined. Though basic immunological studies will be required in future, all investigations indicate that no abnormal sign normal developments were found in these children, indicating further application of this therapy for habitual abortion.

Abortion, Habitual↗