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Biomedical subjects

S Motojima

Publications and source records attributed to S Motojima.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of azelastine on allergen- and exercise-induced asthma.

The effects of the new anti-allergic drug, azelastine, on allergen- and exercise-induced asthma were studied. In six allergen inhalation tests for five asymptomatic asthmatic patients, the maximum percentage fall in FEV1.0 immediately after inhalation of allergen extract was 37.2 +/- 6.4 per cent (mean +/- SEM). As compared with a placebo, the maximum percentage fall in FEV1.0 with azelastine after inhalation of allergen extract in the same manner as with the placebo was 17.3 +/- 6.9 per cent. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The percentage fall in FEV1.0 with placebo and azelastine in late asthmatic response (n = 4) was 36.0 +/- 5.3 per cent and 10.0 +/- 5.2 per cent, respectively. The difference was also statistically significant (p less than 0.01). An exercise test was carried out on seven asymptomatic asthmatic patients using an inclined treadmill. The maximum percentage fall in FEV1.0 without drugs, with diphenhydramine and azelastine was 38.9 +/- 5.0 per cent, 20.1 +/- 3.8 per cent and 11.3 +/- 3.1 per cent, respectively. Significant differences were found among each group (p less than 0.05). Azelastine was regarded as having sufficient potency to inhibit exercise-induced asthma; however, placebo effects cannot be ruled out with regard to the effects of diphenhydramine. These results suggests that chemical mediator release is involved not only in allergen-induced asthma but also in exercise-induced asthma, suggesting the clinical utility of azelastine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Relationships between responsiveness of the bronchi to acetylcholine and cyclic AMP response of lymphocytes to beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation in patients with asthma.

Decreased response of beta-adrenergic receptor has been considered to be one of the causes of increased responsiveness of the bronchi in asthma. Since beta-adrenergic receptor has two subtypes, beta 1 and beta 2, and the bronchodilating effect of beta stimulants is mediated by beta 2-receptor, responsiveness of the bronchi is expected to correlate to the cyclic AMP response of lymphocytes to a beta 2-stimulant. Responsiveness of the bronchi was expressed as respiratory threshold to acetylcholine (RT-Ach), which was the minimal concentration of acetylcholine solution to cause an initial decrease of FEV1 of more than 20% of the baseline value. Beta 1- and beta 2-responses were expressed as the increments of cyclic AMP content of 10(6) lymphocytes incubated with norepinephrine (beta 1-stimulant) and salbutamol (beta 2-stimulant). RT-Ach showed a significant correlation with the beta 2-cyclic AMP response of lymphocytes, but not with the beta 1-response among patients with asthma. Sixteen symptomatic patients on continuous beta-stimulants showed lower RT-Ach value and diminished beta 2-receptor activity of lymphocytes compared with 14 patients in remission. These results suggest that selective beta 2-adrenergic blockade may be one of the causes of bronchial hypersensitivity in asthma, though it should be noted that in this study beta-adrenergic responses were examined in lymphocytes and were compared with the responsiveness of the bronchi. Possible beta-receptor subsensitivity induced by administration of beta-stimulants is discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of beta-adrenergic receptors on lymphocytes in normal subjects and asthmatics in relation to beta-adrenergic hyperglycaemic response and bronchial responsiveness.

The numbers of beta-adrenergic receptors on lymphocytes in normal subjects and asthmatic patients were measured by the use of [125I]hydroxybenzylpindolol. The numbers of beta-adrenergic receptors per lymphocyte in normal subjects, drug-free asthmatics and patients taking beta-stimulants were 1146 +/- 98, 845 +/- 114 and 582 +/- 47 sites/cell (mean +/- SE), respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.05) among these groups, while no statistically significant differences were found in dissociation constants. A 42% decrease in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors per lymphocyte after administration of 6 mg/day of terbutaline for 7 days was noted in four volunteers. There was significant correlation (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01) between the number of beta-adrenergic receptors per lymphocyte and the percentage increase in blood sugar 20 min after subcutaneous injection of 4 micrograms/kg epinephrine. There was also significant correlation (r = 0.78, P less than 0.005) between the number of beta-adrenergic receptors per lymphocyte and the respiratory threshold for acetylcholine. These results suggest that beta-blockade and bronchial hypersensitivity in asthmatic patients may in part be due to a decreased number of beta-adrenergic receptors.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of cefmetazole in respiratory tract infections of patients with underlying respiratory diseases].

Respiratory infections of 10 subjects with underlying respiratory diseases were treated with cefmetazole (CMZ) and its clinical effects were studied. Five subjects of them were respiratory tract infection, 3 subjects were pneumonia and 2 subjects were pneumonia followed by empyema. The underlying diseases were chronic pulmonary emphysema in 4 subjects, diffuse panbronchiolitis in 3, chronic bronchitis in 2 and bronchial asthma in 1. The doses of CMZ were 4 to 8 grams per day and the durations of administration ranged 3 to 39 days. The clinical effects were judged from the changes of fever, cough, amount of sputum, dyspnea, rale, chest X-ray, white blood cell counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, sputum culture and PaO2. The clinical effects of 6 subjects were evaluated as good, those of 3 were fair and that of 1 was poor. In 3 subjects H. influenzae in the sputum was eliminated and in 1 subject both H. aphrophilus and alpha-Streptococcus found in the pleural effusion were eliminated. In 1 subject Klebsiella in the sputum was eliminated and replaced by Enterobacter. No side effects were observed. We conclude that CMZ is considerably useful in the treatment of respiratory infections of the patients with underlying respiratory diseases.

Adult↗