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Biomedical subjects

S Moore

Publications and source records attributed to S Moore.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Discrepancies in kinematic calculations of HOLZ lines.

We have found significant differences between the results of computer simulations of HOLZ line patterns. The computations in question are made in the kinematical approximation. After trivial errors are eliminated the programs fall into two groups. There is a discrepancy between the two that increases with distance from the zone axis. The difference is small but not negligible at the level of precision used in determining lattice parameters or strain. We show which of the two is correct in the kinematic approximation and that the discrepancy between the two groups is of the order of the error introduced by dynamical interaction.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the intima of human aortas: changes in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.

Arterial glycosaminoglycans are considered to be important in atherogenesis due to their ability to trap lipid inside the vessel wall and to influence cellular migration and proliferation. Atherosclerotic lesions have displayed an altered glycosaminoglycan content and distribution. Diabetes is a recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis, but no information is available on the arterial glycosaminoglycans in human diabetes. We examined glycosaminoglycans in normal and atherosclerotic intima of non-diabetic and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Intima was stripped from autopsy samples of thoracic aortas; normal and plaque areas were separated. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated by delipidation, proteolytic digestion, and precipitation and characterized by quantitation of total glycosaminoglycan and evaluation of glycosaminoglycan distribution by electrophoresis and densitometry. Results indicate a significant decrease in total glycosaminoglycan and significant changes in their distribution in atherosclerotic plaques: a relative decrease in heparan sulphate, a relative increase in dermatan sulphate and thus a decrease in the ratio of heparan sulphate to dermatan sulphate. A similar but less marked change in the ratio was found in normal intima of diabetic subjects, while in their plaques this change was more pronounced. This suggests that changes in arterial glycosaminoglycans (especially the ratio of heparan sulphate to dermatan sulphate) precede the development of lesions in diabetes and may be important in atherogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The effect of immigration on aggregate native unemployment: an across-city estimation.

"This study investigates the relationship between the rate of immigration into various [U.S.] cities in various years and the level and change in unemployment. In pooled regressions, immigration lagged one year does not show a statistically significant effect either by itself or when other lags are added. Individual regressions using the difference in unemployment rates over time show a slight, but statistically insignificant, positive displacement effect over two-year periods. The evidence indicates that there is little or no observed increase in aggregate native unemployment due to immigration, even in the relatively short run during which adjustment frictions should be most severe."

Americas↗
PubMed1993

Artificial urinary sphincters. Treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence.

The artificial urinary sphincter offers patients who have incontinence due to loss of sphincter control the chance to regain control over urination. A well-planned diagnostic evaluation readily identifies patients who can benefit from this operative procedure. Placement of the artificial urinary sphincter is individualized to each patient's anatomic structure. Through the combined efforts of the surgeon, the urodynamics nurse, the surgical team, and the postoperative nursing staff, these patients experience a quick recovery and rapid return of control over bladder function.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Orbital fat removal. Decompression for Graves orbitopathy.

BACKGROUND: Orbital decompression has been used to describe surgical procedures that remove some portion of the orbital walls to reduce pressure on the orbital contents. Substantial morbidity associated with these procedures includes infraorbital anesthesia, worsened extraocular motility, globe displacement, and blindness. The authors believe that orbital contents also may be decompressed by removing orbital fat. METHODS: Eighty-one patients with nonactive Graves orbitopathy were selected for orbital fat decompression based on the presence of proptosis and associated signs and symptoms to avoid bone removal. Soft-tissue analysis by computed tomography (CT) scan showed distended pockets of fat extending into the intraconal space, which were removed through medial-upper and lateral-lower anterior orbitotomies. Decompression with bone removal was reserved for those few patients with compressive optic neuropathy unresponsive to medical treatment and those patients with residual deforming exophthalmos after fat removal. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight fat decompressions were performed on 81 patients over 9 years. The authors measured an average reduction in proptosis of 1.8 mm (range, 0-6.0 mm). The greatest average reduction in proptosis (3.3 mm) was produced in patients with preoperative Hertel measurements of greater than 25.0 mm. Morbidity was limited to temporary motility impairment of the inferior oblique in two patients. CONCLUSION: The concept of orbital decompression can include removal of orbital fat to reduce proptosis, eliminate symptoms, and improve appearance with far less morbidity than when bone decompression is used as the primary decompressive procedure.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Identification and regional localization of a human IMP dehydrogenase-like locus (IMPDHL1) at 16p13.13.

Sequence-tagged sites (STSs) are versatile chromosomal markers for a variety of genome mapping efforts. In this report, we describe a randomly generated STS (323F4) from human chromosome 16 genomic DNA that has 90.0% sequence identity to the type I human inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH1) gene and 72% identity to the type II human inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH2) gene. Additional sequencing by primer walking has provided a total of 1380 bp of the human chromosome 16 sequence. The IMPDH-like sequence 323F4 was regionally localized by PCR analysis of a panel of somatic cell hybrids containing different portions of human chromosome 16 to 16p13.3-13.12, between the breakpoints found in hybrids CY196/CY197 and CY198. This regional mapping assignment was further refined to subband 16p13.13 by high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization using cosmid 323F4 as a probe. We conclude that a third, previously undescribed IMPDH locus, termed IMPDHL1, exists at human chromosome 16p13.13.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clinical presentation of Paget's disease of the bone in older patients.

To determine the clinical presentation and manifestations of Paget's disease of the bone in patients older than 60 years, we reviewed the cases of 56 patients attending a bone clinic. Pain was the presenting symptom in 34 cases. It was attributed to the disease process in 21 cases, to osteoarthritis in 11, to trigeminal neuralgia in 1, and to osteosarcoma in 1. Other clinical manifestations included deformities (15 cases), diminished mobility and unsteady gait (9), hearing impairment (7), lethargy (4), diminished vision (3), cognitive deficit (3), sense of warmth in limbs (2), ill-fitting dentures (1), and fracture (1). We concluded that in patients older than 60 years, Paget's disease of the bone may present itself in a variety of ways, some of which may be mistakenly attributed to the "aging process" or some other disease. Furthermore, in this age group, osteoarthritis is responsible for the pain experienced by about one third of symptomatic patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Proteoglycan synthesis by the neointimal smooth muscle cells cultured from rabbit aortic explants following de-endothelialization.

Proteoglycans (PGs), the essential component of the extracellular matrix, are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In an experimental model of injury, PGs accumulate in the neointimal tissue parallel with lipid deposition. However, it is still not clear whether the PG accumulation is from active smooth muscle cell (SMC) production or is a consequence of trapping within neointima covered by endothelium. To study the effect of endothelial injury on PG synthesis, SMCs were cultured from normal aorta (N-SMC), neointima covered by regenerated endothelium (W-SMC) and neointima without endothelium (B-SMC). Using [35S]-Na2SO4, as a precursor in an in vitro incubation, the kinetics of PG synthesis were determined. PG synthesis by all three cell types increases as a function of time. It is significantly higher in the SMCs cultured from endothelium-denuded aortic explants (W- and B-SMC) than N-SMC. This finding indicates that endothelial injury stimulates PG synthesis by SMCs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Co-localization of aortic apolipoprotein B and chondroitin sulfate in an injury model of atherosclerosis.

In vitro, chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans (PGs) bind with high-affinity lipoproteins (LPs) containing apolipoprotein B (apo B), and cultured monocytes incubated with LP-PG complexes transform into foam cells (FCs). Consequently, arterial PGs are thought to contribute to the accumulation of LPs in atherosclerotic lesions, but their in vivo interaction has yet to be demonstrated. Balloon catheterization of rabbit aorta modifies the normal aortic distribution of endogenous LPs containing apo B, and determines their accumulation in normocholesterolemic conditions. The distribution of aortic CS-PGs parallels that of apoB within the neointima of injured aortas and might contribute to a favorable environment for LP sequestration within the lesions. To visualize the in situ relationship between apo B and CS-PG, we performed experiments for double detection by immunofluorescence and by post-embedding electron microscope immunogold. The results indicated that the colocalization of endogenous LPs containing apo B and of the large intimal CS-PGs in advanced lesions developed under the regenerated endothelium. At the ultrastructural level, frequent associations were visualized in the extracellular space and in relation to FCs. The close spatial relation between CS-PG and apo B inside the aortic lesions seems to support the hypothesis of their in situ interaction and of a simultaneous cellular uptake, and may be related to the development of both extracellular lipid deposits and the formation of FCs in atherogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Use of magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the performance of hollow-fiber bioreactors.

Preliminary experiments were described that demonstrate that MRI is an effective tool for the noninvasive study of hollow-fiber bioreactors. Flow-compensated velocity-encoding pulse sequences were successively applied to analyze the velocity patterns in a module operated without cells, with an artificially induced flow field perturbation. Diffusion damping pulse sequences were also used to spatially resolve regions of cell growth in a bioreactor. These experiments provide the necessary basis from which future flow and spectroscopic studies can be conducted.

Animals↗