[A case of mixed type hepatoma with sarcomatous change].
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Biomedical subjects
S Miyoshi
Publications and source records attributed to S Miyoshi.
Purification and characterization of 2-ethoxyphenol-induced cytochrome P450 from Corynebacterium sp. strain EP1.
A soluble cytochrome P450 (P450EP1A) induced by 2-ethoxyphenol was purified to apparent homogeneity from Corynebacterium sp. strain EP1. The P450EP1A showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of about 45 kDa. The CO-reduced difference spectra of P450EP1A had a Soret maximum at 447.6 nm. The substrate difference spectra with 2-ethoxyphenol showed an absorption maximum at 394.0 nm. The purified P450EP1A degraded 2-ethoxyphenol in an assay system composed of spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase and NADPH. The reaction activity decreased to 1.4% of its original activity by addition of CO. The existence of catechol in the reaction mixture was confirmed after the metabolic reaction, indicating that P450EP1A catalyzes O-dealkylation of 2-ethoxyphenol. In addition to 2-ethoxyphenol, the P450EP1A metabolized 2-methoxyphenol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and toluene.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A rare case of bilateral supernumerary teeth in the mandibular incisors.
This paper describes a rare case of bilateral completely erupted supernumerary teeth found in the incisor region of the mandible of a 19-year-old Japanese female.
Adult↗
New methods for semiconductor charge-diffusion-length measurements using synchrotron radiation.
The extension of a new theory on the X-ray energy response of semiconductor detectors is carried out to characterize the X-ray response of a multichannel semiconductor detector fabricated on one silicon wafer. Recently, these multichannel detectors have been widely utilized for position-sensitive observations in various research fields, including synchrotron radiation research and fusion-plasma investigations. This article represents the verification of the physics essentials of a proposed theory on the X-ray response of semiconductor detectors. The three-dimensional charge-diffusion effects on the adjoining detector-channel signals are experimentally demonstrated at the Photon Factory for two types of multichannel detectors. These findings are conveniently applicable for measuring diffusion lengths for industrial requirements.
Journal Article↗
Characterization and interpretation of the quantum efficiencies of multilayer semiconductor detectors using a new theory.
On the basis of a new theory of semiconductor X-ray detector response, a new type of multilayer semiconductor detector was designed and developed for convenient energy analyses of intense incident X-ray flux in a cumulative-current mode. Another anticipated useful property of the developed detector is a drastic improvement in high-energy X-ray response ranging over several hundred eV. The formula for the quantum efficiency of multilayer semiconductor detectors and its physical interpretations are proposed and have been successfully verified by synchrotron radiation experiments at the Photon Factory. These detectors are useful for data analyses under strong radiation-field conditions, including fusion-plasma-emitting X-rays and energetic heavy-particle beams, without the use of high-bias applications.
Journal Article↗
Disruption of the RB pathway and cell-proliferative activity in non-small-cell lung cancers.
The pathway consisting of retinoblastoma protein (pRB), cyclin D1 and p16 (RB pathway) which is involved in the phosphorylation of pRB plays an important role in G1/S progression. The disruption of this RB pathway has been reported in several types of human neoplasm. An immunohistochemical study of 101 non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) showed loss of p16 is in 47 tumors (46.5%) and loss of pRB in 42 tumors (41.6%). In 79 of 101 NSCLCs (78.2%), the expression of p16 and pRB was complementary (p < 0.0001). Methylation of the cdkn2 gene was detected in 50% of p16-negative tumors and in 11% of p16-positive tumors. Aberrant expression of cyclin D1 was found in 45 tumors (44.5%). The cyclin-D1-positive tumors had significantly higher Ki-67 indices than the cyclin-D1-negative tumors irrespective of the tumor p16 or pRB expression. Thus, 91 (90%) of 101 NSCLCs showed disturbed expression of at least 1 of the 3 components of the RB pathway. Our results suggest that the disruption of the RB pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis in NSCLCs and that increased cyclin-D1 expression leads to strong proliferative activity which may over-ride the suppressive effect of p16 and pRB.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Topographical distribution of cells in the rat submandibular gland duct system with special reference to dark cells and tuft cells.
The duct system of the rat submandibular gland consists of the intercalated duct, the granular convoluted tubule, the striated duct, the excretory duct, the main excretory duct, and the salivary bladder. The duct system contains special cell types, such as dark cells and tuft cells, in addition to principal cells. However, little is known about cell distribution in the duct system. The purpose of the present study was to examine cell distribution and to perform a morphometric analysis of the duct system. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the duct system of the rat submandibular gland. Six regions in the duct system, the striated duct, the interlobular excretory duct, the 5-mm proximal excretory duct from the hilus, the main excretory duct at the hilus, the 10-mm distal main excretory duct from the hilus, and the salivary bladder, were investigated. Morphometric and statistical analyses of the data were then performed. The epithelium of the duct system consisted of a heterogeneous cell population. Dark cells and tuft cells were present throughout the duct system. The principal, dark, and tuft cells were distinguished by their different microvilli by using a scanning electron microscope. The frequency of these cells in the total epithelial cell population was as follows: The percentage of principal cells in the six regions of the duct system varied from 87.5% to 94.4%, that of dark cells varied from 4.1% to 7.2%, and that of tuft cells varied from 1.8% to 7.2%. The number of principal and tuft cells was significantly different between the striated duct and the main excretory duct at the hilus (P < 0.01). However, no significant difference in number of dark cells throughout the duct system was observed (P > 0.05). The abundance of the principal, dark, and tuft cells in the duct system of the rat submandibular gland was determined. Few tuft cells were distributed in the striated duct, and most were found at the hilus. Dark cells were distributed equally throughout the duct system.
Animals↗
Increasing frequency of occurrence of tuft cells in the main excretory duct during postnatal development of the rat submandibular gland.
Tuft cells, a widespread cell type that is present in the mucosal epithelia of hollow organs, including the main excretory duct (MED) epithelia of the rat salivary gland, are well documented morphologically. However, studies of their development are few. The purpose of the present study was to examine the perinatal and postnatal development of tuft cells in the main excretory duct of the rat submandibular gland. Main excretory ducts of the submandibular gland were obtained from five male Wistar rats at the ages of 0, 1, 7, 14, 17, 21, 23, 28, and 56 postnatal days and were prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The tuft cells, which are distinguished easily by their long microvilli protruding into the lumen, were recognizable first at 17 postnatal days. They showed a remarkable increase in number between 3 and 4 postnatal weeks. The percentages of tuft cells were 0.4% at 17 postnatal days and 0.8% at 3 postnatal weeks. The number of tuft cells represented approximately 5% of the total epithelial cells by 4 postnatal weeks. There was a significant difference between 3 and 4 postnatal weeks (P < 0.01). The microvilli of the tuft cells at the time of weaning had almost the same width as in the adult, but they were shorter. Microfilaments extending from the tips of the microvilli and microtubules and many electron-lucent vesicles in the supranuclear cytoplasm also were observed. These results indicate that tuft cells appeared in the MED of the submandibular gland during weaning and had abundant vesicles in their apical cytoplasm.
Animals↗
Immaturity of lymphocytes in the metastatic lesions of thymoma.
Thymoma is a thymic epithelial tumor which often contains a large number of immature T cells. Although the metastatic lesions are also associated with abundant lymphocytes, their characteristics have not been assessed in detail. In this study, the phenotype was analyzed and compared with those in their primary lesions. Nine metastatic thymomas were obtained from seven patients. In the metastatic lesions, CD1a+ cells and CD4(+)CD8(+) cells accounted for 77.7 +/- 10.6 and 52.3 +/- 15.8% of all the lymphocytes, respectively. In five primary lesions and their metastatic lesions, CD3(-)CD4(+)CD8(-) cells accounted for 23.9 +/- 16.9 and 45.2 +/- 15. 5% of the CD4(+)CD8(-) cells, respectively. CD69 was expressed on 70. 9 +/- 9.5 and 53.1 +/- 11.8% of the CD4(+)CD8(-) cells, respectively. These results indicate that the metastatic lesions of thymoma are associated with abundant immature T cells which are phenotypically less mature than those in their primary lesions.
Adult↗
Microvascular permeability of the non-heart-beating rabbit lung after warm ischemia and reperfusion: role of neutrophil elastase.
BACKGROUND: The duration of warm ischemia and reperfusion injury is a major limiting factor in the setting of lung transplantation with non-heart-beating donors (NHBD). We hypothesized that reperfusion with neutrophil elastase inhibitor or leukocyte-depleted blood has an inhibitory effect on the ischemia-reperfusion injury of NHBD rabbit lungs. METHODS: To assess the lung injury, we used a perfused rabbit lung model and measured the hemodynamic parameters and filtration coefficient. The rabbit lungs after hypoxic cardiac arrest for 30, 50, and 60 minutes were harvested at room temperature, and ventilated lungs were reperfused for 1 hour at a constant flow (120 mL/min). The group with 60 minutes of warm ischemia and hypoxia was further divided into three groups to determine the effects of leukocyte-depleted reperfusion or neutrophil elastase inhibitor, (1) no other special treatment, (2) reperfusion with leukocyte-depleted blood, and (3) administration of 10 mg of specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor. The lungs reperfused immediately after harvest from the heart-beating donor were regarded as the control. RESULTS: Sixty minutes of warm ischemia and hypoxia resulted in an increase in filtration coefficient (0.68+/-0.20 g x min(-1) x cm H2O(-1) per 100 g) compared with the control values of 0.13+/-0.03 g x min(-1) x cm H2O(-1) per 100 g. The increase in filtration coefficient after 60 minutes of warm ischemia and hypoxia in NHBD was remarkably suppressed by leukocyte depletion (0.23+/-0.07) and by neutrophil elastase inhibitor (0.21+/-0.08). The shunt fraction and histology results were also near normal. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that leukocyte depletion or treatment with neutrophil elastase inhibitor during reperfusion reduces alveolar-capillary damage caused by lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in the NHBD lung transplantation setting. This effect might be mediated by inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity or sequestration, and thus may lead to the increased availability of NHBD lungs.
Animals↗
Survival after resection of pulmonary metastases: a proposal of number-size (NS) score as a prediction.
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Adolescent↗
Neoplastic thymic epithelial cells of human thymoma support T cell development from CD4-CD8- cells to CD4+CD8+ cells in vitro.
Human thymoma is a thymic epithelial cell tumour which often contains a large number of immature T cells and is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. Since thymic epithelial cells play key roles in the development and selection of T cells in the normal thymus, we hypothesized that the neoplastic thymic epithelial cells of thymoma may support T cell differentiation in the tumour. We characterized CD4-CD8- cells in thymoma and applied an in vitro reconstitution culture system using the CD4-CD8- cells and the neoplastic epithelial cells isolated from thymoma. CD34, a stem cell marker, was expressed on 29.9 +/- 12.2% of CD4-CD8- cells in thymoma. TCRgammadelta was expressed on 27.4 +/- 15.1% of CD4-CD8- cells and CD19, a B cell marker, was expressed on 14.1 +/- 23.1% of CD4-CD8- cells. CD4-CD8- cells expressed both IL-7R alpha-chain and common gamma-chain. Purified CD4-CD8- cells from thymomas were cultured with the neoplastic epithelial cells, and their differentiation into CD4+CD8+ cells via CD4 single-positive intermediates was observed within 9 days' co-culture in the presence of recombinant IL-7. Furthermore, we examined the reconstitution culture using CD34+CD4-CD8- cells purified from normal infant thymus. The CD34+CD4-CD8- cells in normal thymus also differentiated to CD4+CD8+ cells in the allogeneic co-culture with the neoplastic epithelial cells of thymoma. These results indicate that the tumour cells of thymoma retain the function of thymic epithelial cells and can induce differentiation of T cells in thymoma.
Adult↗
Pulmonary disease models induced by in vivo hemagglutinating virus of Japan liposome-mediated endothelin-1 gene transfer.
Overproduction and overexpression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, and primary pulmonary hypertension. To determine whether ET-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease, we locally overexpressed ET-1 using an in vivo UV-inactivated hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) liposome-mediated gene transfer system. Plasmid DNA of ET-1 (pME18fc preproET-1) and high mobility group 1 (HMG1) protein were co-encapsulated in liposomes. Then the plasmid DNA and liposome complexes were introduced into the lung via the trachea in Wistar rats, using HVJ-mediated membrane fusion. Control animals received instillation of HVJ liposome with an empty cassette. Two weeks after in vivo transfection of the preproET-1 gene, hyperplastic connective tissue plaques were seen in the alveolar duct and small conducting airways, indicating histologically distinctive obliterative bronchiolitis. No histopathologic changes were seen in the control animals. These results suggested that local overexpression of ET-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Animals↗
Detection of genes encoding cholera toxin (CT), zonula occludens toxin (ZOT), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ACE) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) in Vibrio mimicus clinical strains.
A total of 51 clinical strains of Vibrio mimicus were searched for the presence of virulence-associated genes, like ctx, zot or ace genes which locate in "cholera virulence cassette," and the st gene by polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the pathological potential of each clinical strain was also examined by rabbit ileal loop (RIL). Three strains showed to have the ctx gene, of which only one strain was zot gene-positive. Meanwhile, one other strain was zot+ but ctx-. All of these four strains were found to have the ace gene and to belong to serogroup O115. Nine strains showed to carry the st gene. However, none of these ST-gene-positive strains was indicated to contain the genes located in the "cholera virulence cassette." It is of interest to note that all of the RIL-positive and/or virulence gene-positive strains were restricted to three serogroups, O20, O41 and O115. These results suggest a significant association between O antigens and enterotoxic activities in V. mimicus clinical strains, and clearly demonstrate multifactorial virulence potentials of this human pathogen.
Animals↗
Differential role of epicardial and endocardial K(ATP) channels in potassium accumulation during regional ischemia induced by embolization of a coronary artery with latex.
INTRODUCTION: K(ATP) channels are activated predominantly in the epicardium during regional ischemia. Therefore, the role of K(ATP) channels in ischemia-induced rise of extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) might be greater in the epicardium. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 18 anesthetized dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated, followed by injection of 23-microm latex beads into the occluded artery to interrupt collateral flow, by which accumulated [K+]o might wash out. Epicardial and endocardial [K+]o were measured during a 20-minute period of ischemia using a valinomycin membrane. The dogs were divided into three groups: 6 control dogs (CTRL); 7 dogs pretreated with intravenous glibenclamide (0.3 mg/kg [GLIB]), a blocker of K(ATP) channels; and 5 dogs pretreated with intravenous nicorandil (0.2 to 0.25 mg/kg [NCR]), a K(ATP) channel opener. Before LAD occlusion, there was no difference in [K+]o among the three groups. In the control group, epicardial and endocardial [K+]o were increased to a similar level as a function of time after occlusion (CTRL) at both layers. Ischemia-induced epicardial [K+]o rise was suppressed by GLIB (8.4+/-0.4 vs 6.7+/-0.5 mM, P < 0.05) but augmented by NCR (12.9+/-2.0 mM, P < 0.05). In contrast, endocardial [K+]o rise remained unaffected (7.6+/-0.2 mM CTRL, 7.6+/-1.3 mM GLIB, and 9.4+/-2.2 mM NCR, P = NS). CONCLUSION: Activation of K(ATP) channels plays an important role in epicardial [K+]o rise, but not in endocardial [K+]o rise, during regional ischemia. Another mechanism(s) may be important for endocardial [K+]o accumulation.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular connection between right atrial appendage to right ventricle: a case report.
A 24-year-old woman had experienced frequent attacks of orthodromic AV reciprocating tachycardia. The polarity of the delta waves suggested a right anterior or anterolateral accessory pathway. After ablation at the tricuspid annulus was unsuccessful, earliest retrograde atrial activation was recorded on the floor of the right atrial appendage, 2 cm above the tricuspid ring. Application of radiofrequency energy at this site abolished accessory pathway conduction. This unusual accessory pathway, located between the floor of the right atrial appendage and the right ventricle, was amenable to radiofrequency catheter ablation from within the right atrial appendage.
Adult↗
Characterization of the hemorrhagic reaction caused by Vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease, a member of the thermolysin family.
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infections and septicemia, characterized by hemorrhagic and edematous damage to the skin. This human pathogen secretes a metalloprotease (V. vulnificus protease [VVP]) as an important virulence determinant. When several bacterial metalloproteases including VVP were injected intradermally into dorsal skin, VVP showed the greatest hemorrhagic activity. The level of the in vivo hemorrhagic activity of the bacterial metalloproteases was significantly correlated with that of the in vitro proteolytic activity for the reconstituted basement membrane gel. Of two major basement membrane components (laminin and type IV collagen), only type IV collagen was easily digested by VVP. Additionally, the immunoglobulin G antibody against type IV collagen, but not against laminin, showed sufficient protection against the hemorrhagic reaction caused by VVP. Capillary vessels are known to be stabilized by binding of the basal surface of vascular endothelial cells to the basement membrane. Therefore, specific degradation of type IV collagen may cause destruction of the basement membrane, breakdown of capillary vessels, and leakage of blood components including erythrocytes.
Animals↗
[Clinical experience of ileal neobladder for bladder cancer].
Between June 1993 and July 1996, an ileal neobladder was created in 20 patients after total cystectomy for bladder cancer. The mean post operative follow-up period was 32 months, with a range of 9 to 47 months. Ureteroileostomy was performed using the Le Duc-Camey procedure. There were 3 (15%) early postoperative complications, which were all of transient urine leakage from the neobladder. Late complications were encountered in 6 patients (30%), which were of stenosis of ureteroileal anastomosis in 2 (10%), stone in the neobladder in 2 (10%), neobladder-cutaneous fistula in 1 (5%) and neobladder-ureteral reflux in 1 (5%). Reoperation was necessary in 4 patients (20%); 2 for stenosis of ureteroileal anastomosis and 2 for removal of a stone in the neobladder. No urethral recurrence has been noted. Local recurrence occurred in 2 patients, who died of tumor progression 16 and 27 months postoperatively. All 20 patients were continent during the day time (100%), while 2 (10%) had nocturnal incontinence.
Adult↗