Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Miyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to S Miyoshi.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The inhibitory effect of forskolin on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using Chang liver cells as target cells.

The effect of forskolin, a unique adenylate cyclase activator, on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was examined. ADCC was assayed using Chang liver cells as the target cells, immuned rabbit serum as the antibody and healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) as the effector cells. Forskolin at concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 microM significantly inhibited ADCC in a dose-dependent manner. By the addition of forskolin, cyclic AMP levels did not change in Chang liver cells but increased in PBMNC. Therefore, it appears that forskolin exerted an inhibitory effect on ADCC by increasing the intracellular cyclic AMP levels in PBMNC, the effector cells.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1988

Prediction of postoperative respiratory failure in patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer.

To evaluate the correlation between predicted postoperative lung function and postoperative respiratory morbidity, 156 patients with lung cancer who underwent resection were classified into four groups based on the degree of postoperative problems: Group 1--no problems (116 patients); Group 2--retention of sputum or atelectasis requiring bronchofiberscopy two or more times (17 patients); Group 3--tracheostomy or mechanical ventilation for more than 2 days or both (14 patients); and Group 4--postoperative death (9 patients). The mean ages of Groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than the mean age of Group 1. The predicted postoperative lung function (F) was assessed by the formula F = [1-(b-n)/(42-n)] x f, where f is the preoperative vital capacity or forced expiratory volume in one second, b is the number of subsegments of the resected lung lobe, and n is the number of subsegments obstructed by the tumor, which was assessed by the findings on the chest tomogram, on the bronchogram, at bronchofiberscopy, or a combination of these. The total number of subsegments was assumed to be 42. The predicted postoperative % FEV1 was 65.1 +/- 19.3% in Group 1,55.3 +/- 10.6% in Group 2,37.6 +/- 12.1% in Group 3, and 42.3 +/- 18.4% in Group 4. It was significantly (p less than 0.05) different between all the groups except between Groups 3 and 4. All 10 patients with a predicted postoperative % FEV1 of less than 30% were in Groups 3 and 4. We conclude that special attention to postoperative management is needed for patients whose predicted postoperative %FEV1 is lower than 30%.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Changes in hepatic functional reserve after transcatheter embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Assessment by maximal removal rate of indocyanine green.

To clarify the influence of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on hepatic function, the maximal removal rate of indocyanine green (ICG-Rmax), which represents the hepatic functional reserve, and the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green (k-ICG) were measured serially before and after 15 TAE procedures performed on 13 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with underlying hepatic diseases. Compared to the values before TAE, ICG-Rmax values did not change or gradually decreased during 4 weeks in seven of the 13 patients but markedly decreased in the remaining six by as much as 50% during the first week. k-ICG values remained almost unchanged at any time after TAE. Albumin and prothrombin time were serially measured before and after 24 TAE procedures performed on 21 HCC patients with underlying hepatic diseases in whom no plasma products had been used for therapy. Albumin decreased by up to 75% in one of the 21 patients during the first week but did not change or gradually decreased in 20 of the 21 patients. Prothrombin time showed no obvious changes. This study showed that prominent changes occurred in ICG-Rmax, i.e., in the hepatic functional reserve, after TAE.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Role of the protease in the permeability enhancement by Vibrio vulnificus.

The protease produced by Vibrio vulnificus enhances vascular permeability through histamine release from mast cells and activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system which generates bradykinin when injected into the dorsal skin. V. vulnificus living cells also enhanced vascular permeability within a few hours after the injection into the dorsal skin. The permeability-enhancing activity of living cells was greatly reduced by addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor, a specific inhibitor for plasma kallikrein-kinin system, or anti-protease IgG. Two protease-deficient mutants induced by nitrosoguanidine treatment had only one-tenth permeability-enhancing activity of a wild-type strain. These results indicate that V. vulnificus elaborates the protease in vivo and that the protease elaborated enhances vascular permeability through release of chemical mediators such as histamine and bradykinin and forms edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Acute profound deafness in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Two case reports.

Two patients with sudden progressive profound hearing loss resulting from Ramsay Hunt syndrome are reported. Case 1: A 63-year-old woman was admitted to Jichi Medical School Hospital with sudden, progressing deafness of the left ear, vertigo, sore throat, and hoarseness. An otoscopic examination revealed the external ear and the tympanic membrane to be normal. Pure-tone audiometry revealed profound deafness in the left ear. A horizontal nystagmus in the non-affected direction was observed by gaze nystagmus test. An endoscopic examination revealed herpetic vesicles and shallow ulcers on the left side of the pharynx and the larynx. There was complete paralysis of the left recurrent nerve. Hearing acuity of the left ear did not recover at all with steroid hormone therapy. Case 2: A 75-year-old man was referred to the ENT Clinic by a dermatologist for hearing evaluation in Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The man had noticed severe otalgia and sudden progressive deafness of the right ear approximately 2 weeks prior to admission. Physical examination revealed herpetic vesicles and ulcers in the right external ear and lateral neck. Complete paralysis of the right facial nerve was noted. Profound hearing loss in the affected ear was observed by pure-tone audiometry. A gaze nystagmus test revealed a horizontal nystagmus in the non-affected direction. No recovery of the cochlear function was noted following administration of antiviral drug. The pertinent literature is briefly reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[A case of signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder].

A case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is reported. A 52-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of gross hematuria. Cystoscopy showed non-papillary tumor on the right lateral wall. Abdominal CT, Ga scintigraphy, upper gastrointestinal series and barium enema, revealed no signs of a tumor other than the bladder carcinoma. The routine hematologic and chemistry profiles showed no abnormalities except for the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen elevated to 210 ng/ml. Total cystectomy and right nephroureterectomy with left cutaneous ureterostomy was performed and the surgical specimen showed adenocarcinoma of the bladder. The patient died 5 months after the operation, and autopsy was performed. No tumors were found on the mucosa of the whole digestive tracts or pancreas. This case might be of primary adenocarcinoma originated from the bladder. The literature on the differential diagnosis of the cases reported as bladder adenocarcinoma are reviewed briefly.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

[Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: report of 3 cases].

We have experienced 3 cases of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma. One case was in a 5-year-old boy with the chief complaint of abdominal mass. The preoperative diagnosis was neuroblastoma due to excessive urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid. The other two cases were in adults, 40 and 28 years old, and were found incidentally. All three cases were doing well without any clinical signs of recurrence almost 10 years, 5 years, and 6 months, postoperatively. The literature is reviewed briefly concerning some cases in children under 5 years of age whose ganglioneuromas were sometimes confused with neuroblastoma because of excessive catecholamines.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Thymoma: results with complete resection and adjuvant postoperative irradiation in 141 consecutive patients.

A series of 141 patients with thymoma was studied with regard to the way in which complete resection followed by postoperative radiation therapy influenced prognosis according to the stage and histologic type of thymoma. Postoperative radiation therapy (30 Gy in 3 weeks to 50 Gy in 6 weeks) was performed in 73.1% of the patients. Thirty-five of 48 patients with thymoma invading the surrounding tissues (stage III) underwent complete resection, with survival rates of 100% at 5 years and 94.7% at 10 and 15 years. The prognosis in these patients was comparable with those in 45 patients with no invasion (stage I) and in 33 patients with capsular invasion (stage III), all of whom underwent complete resection. Complete resection was done in 18 of 26 patients with epithelial cell thymoma, and there were no deaths by tumor until 15 years after the operation. There were no statistically significant differences in the survival rates of patients undergoing complete resection according to cell type (33 of 36 patients with lymphocyte predominant type and 61 of 77 patients with mixed cell type). The survival rate in six patients with epithelial cell type who underwent subtotal resection was not significantly different from that of 12 patients who underwent biopsy alone. Our findings indicate that complete resection of thymoma followed by postoperative radiation therapy results in a "benign" postoperative course, regardless of the stage and histologic type. Therefore, an aggressive surgical approach, such as resection of the superior vena caval system followed by reconstruction with a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft and/or complete pleuropneumonectomy, is justified for advanced thymoma, although the long-term results of such extended operations are still unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Structure of the upper teeth of the filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer.

The teeth of the filefish were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. Anterior and posterior rows of pleurodont teeth are present in the maxilla. The teeth in the anterior row possess a large labial and small lingual surface and the teeth in the posterior row possess a small labial and large lingual surface. The enameloid consists of three layers-the outer, middle, and inner layer. The outer layer consists of fine, parallel crystallites oriented perpendicular to the surface. They are similar to the crystallites in enamel derived from ectoderm. In the middle layer the crystallites form parallel bundles that are oriented in the same direction as that of the crystallites in the outer layer. In the inner layer bundles of crystallites interlace with each other. The tubular structures and the terminal branches of the dentinal tubules are located among the crystallites in the inner layer. In the dentine numerous dentinal tubules radiate from the pulp cavity toward the periphery and are seen to curve slightly in an S-shaped course. At the occlusal tip the alternating parabolic layers are seen and these are considered to be mineralized lines. The openings of the dentinal tubules are round or oval, surrounded by interlacing fibrils. The teeth are tightly fixed to the jawbone by bundles of fibrils. At the lower part of the lingual surface of the teeth in the anterior row and the labial surface of the teeth in the posterior row the bundles of fibrils start at the dentine and some fibrils run through connective tissue, while others terminate in projections of the jawbones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cholestyramine on bile acid metabolism in conventional rats.

Effects of cholestyramine on biliary secretion of cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acids and fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids were examined in Wistar male rats. Six rats were fed a basal diet, and the other six were fed a basal diet supplemented with 5% cholestyramine for eight days. Bile flow and biliary secretion of bile acids and phospholipids (per hour per rat) decreased with cholestyramine treatment, while biliary cholesterol secretion (per hour per rat) remained unchanged. In the biliary bile acid composition, a marked increase of chenodeoxycholic acid with a concomitant decrease of beta-muricholic acid was observed in cholestyramine-treated rats. Fecal excretion of total sterols and bile acids increased about three- and four-fold, respectively, after cholestyramine treatment. The increase of fecal bile acids derived from cholic acid was more predominant than that derived from chenodeoxycholic acid, resulting in an increase of the cholic acid group/chenodeoxycholic acid group ratio.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with multiple hepatic metastases: a case report.

We report a case of papillary-cystic neoplasm (PCN) of the pancreas in a 42-yr-old woman. Because of complication with multiple hepatic metastases, the patient could not receive radical operation, and was treated palliatively. The right hepatic tumors decreased in volume by an average of 28% (range: 13-54%) following intra-arterial infusion of doxorubicin and gelatine sponge--i.e. chemoembolization therapy. On the other hand, the left lobe tumor increased by 15% in volume following intra-arterial infusion of doxorubicin alone without selective embolization. A subsequent systemic combination chemotherapy (combinations of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and mitomycin-C) was less effective for both the primary and metastatic sites of PCN of the pancreas. Intra-arterial chemoembolization proved useful--as expected--as a palliative measure. Papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas accompanied by hepatic metastasis is very rare. We present herein its clinical behavior and response to the above treatment as documented by CT scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Hepatic conversion of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil into 5-fluorouracil in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The pharmacokinetics of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) and its conversion into 5-fluorouracil (FUra) in liver tissue were studied in ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The plasma concentration of FT after its intravenous injection (dosage: 800 mg) was computerfitted to a bi-exponential function (C = Ae-alpha t + Be-beta t), indicating a two-compartment disposition. The pharmacokinetic parameters did not significantly differ between the five patients with, and the five without cirrhosis of the liver. The plasma concentrations of FUra likewise showed no significant difference between the two groups. The rates of FT degradation in the liver tissue homogenate were similar for four of the patients with cirrhosis (0.10 +/- 0.05 mumol/g liver protein/30 min) and four of those without it (0.13 +/- 0.05). The rates of cytochrome P-450-dependent FUra formation in the microsomal fraction of liver tissue from two patients (1.1 and 1.3 nmol/mg microsomal protein/30 min) were dramatically reduced to less than half of those of two control subjects (2.4 and 2.7). The estimated rates of FUra formation in the soluble fraction (105,000 X g supernatant fraction) from the two patients (0.1 and 0.13 nmol/mg protein/30 min) were almost identical to those from the controls (0.12 and 0.14), suggesting that the rate in the soluble fraction from HCC patients may not be as strongly affected as the rate in the microsomal fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Selective reduction of hepatic cytochrome P450 content in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. A mechanism for impairment of microsomal drug oxidation.

Alteration of the components of the mixed-function oxidase system, including cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, cytochrome P450 reductase, and cytochrome b5 reductase, was examined in liver microsomes prepared from needle biopsy samples of 12 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. The rate of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation in the microsomes was also measured as the activity of cytochrome P450-dependent drug oxidation. The cytochrome P450 content (0.29 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg microsomal protein) in the patients was significantly lower than that in the 11 control subjects (0.41 +/- 0.09). The rate of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation was also significantly lower in the patients. However, the cytochrome b5 content and the activities of the reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome c reductases did not differ between the two groups. Thus, selective reduction of cytochrome P450 seems to play a major role in the impairment of microsomal drug oxidation during intrahepatic cholestasis. Moreover, the reduction of cytochrome P450 was correlated with the serum concentrations of total bilirubin and bile acid but not with the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase value. These observations suggest that the reduction of cytochrome P450 might be related to the severity of cholestasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Exercise tolerance test in lung cancer patients: the relationship between exercise capacity and postthoracotomy hospital mortality.

To evaluate the significance of the blood lactate threshold as a predictor of postthoracotomy hospital mortality resulting from pulmonary complications, a 3-minute incremental exercise test was administered to 33 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracotomy between October, 1981, and May, 1984. The oxygen consumption/body surface area at an arterial lactate level of 20 mg/dl (VO2/BSA at La-20) was adopted as the blood lactate threshold. Age and pulmonary function parameters such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/body surface area (BSA), FEV1/forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity for the carbon monoxide/lung volume, and maximum ventilatory volume/BSA revealed significant differences between patients with postthoracotomy pulmonary complications and those without such complications. However, there was no difference in pulmonary function test results between the surviving and deceased patients. In contrast, although VO2/BSA at La-20 did not differ between the patients with and without pulmonary complications, it differed significantly between the surviving and deceased patients. We concluded that postthoracotomy pulmonary complications depended on the severity of preoperatively associated pulmonary function disorders and that the blood lactate threshold expressed by VO2/BSA at La-20 was an important indicator of the risk of hospital mortality.

Aged↗