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Biomedical subjects

S Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Miyazaki.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The significance of autonomic neuropathy in the elevation of inactive renin in diabetes mellitus.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and inactive renin(IR, activated by trypsin) were measured in the plasma of 15 type II diabetics with autonomic neuropathy (group 3), 15 type II diabetics without (group 2), and 14 nondiabetic control subjects (group 1) in the recumbent position. There were no significant differences between the 3 groups with respect to age, ideal body weight, supine resting mean blood pressure, serum creatinine, daily urinary excretion of sodium, or renin substrate at the time of study. Autonomic neuropathy (AN) was assessed by measurement of the ratio of the longest to the shortest R-R interval during deep breathing (E/I-ratio) and by postural hypotension. PRA was significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 (p less than 0.05). The IR level was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 2 and 1 (p less than 0.005 for both comparisons). The ratio of active renin to total renin (TR) (PRA/(IR + PRA)) was significantly lower in group 3 than in groups 2 and 1 (p less than 0.001 for both comparisons). The IR level and PRA/(IR + PRA) were significantly correlated with E/I-ratio (r = -0.498, p less than 0.01 and r = 0.588, p less than 0.001, respectively) and with the severity of postural hypotension (r = 0.383, p less than 0.05 and r = 0.401, p less than 0.05, respectively), but not with the daily urinary excretion of protein or 24 h-creatinine clearance (24 h-Ccr) in the whole diabetics. From these results, we conclude that autonomic neuropathy might be a more important factor than nephropathy in the lower PRA and higher IR level in type II diabetics with AN.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Aberrant blood group activities of ABH substances from human gastric linings.

Recently it was shown that enzymes specific to blood groups A and B have an inherent function overlapping each other and that under certain in vitro conditions they exhibit a weak activity to synthesize aberrant blood group substance. In an attempt to examine the results of the in vivo activities of these enzymes, we investigated the activities of blood group substances from human materials. After partial purification and concentration of blood group substances, weak B activities were shown in some materials from group A individuals, especially from gastric linings, and weak A activities in group B materials. Weak A and/or B activities in substances from group O persons were recognized. The reciprocal activities were specifically destroyed by blood group-decomposing enzymes with enhancement of H activity. These results suggest that the A and B enzymes can utilize the reciprocal nucleotide substrate even under in vivo conditions. The results support the inference that blood group O gene-mediated proteins exist and have activities to synthesize A and B structures.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

[Management of acoustic neurinoma with preserved hearing].

Six cases of acoustic neurinoma (AT) with preoperatively preserved hearing are presented. Their clinical features and surgical management for hearing preservation are discussed. Presenting symptoms were hearing decrease in 3 cases (#1, #2, #6), trigeminal neuralgia in 3 cases (#4, #5, #6), and hemifacial spasm in case #2. Case #3 was an incidentally diagnosed case by CT scan. Preoperative decrease of hearing in the affected ears ranged from 10 dB to 60 dB. In all cases except for case #1, CT scans revealed CP angle tumors sized 1 - 4 cm in diameter. A small intracanalicular tumor was detected in case #1 by metrizamide CT scan. Enlargement of the internal auditory meatus was detected in two cases (#4, #6). Through a lateral suboccipital transmeatal approach, all cases underwent radical total resection of tumor with anatomical preservation of both facial and cochlear nerves. Postoperatively, in spite of good morphological preservation of cochlear nerve, useful hearing function was noted in only one case (#3) who had excellent preoperative hearing (10 dB) and whose tumor was very small (1 cm). Facial nerve function was satisfactory in all patients. According to the previous reports, the level of hearing decrease in AT is related to the origin of tumor, direction of its growth, invasions or involvement to cochlear nerve and extension toward the labyrinth. Major factors to achieve preservation of useful hearing in AT surgery are 1) size of the tumor and 2) preoperative hearing acuity. Early detection of small tumor is extremely important and surgery must be precise to preserve cochlear nerve, internal auditory artery and labyrinth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[One stage reconstruction of penis with free forearm flap].

One stage reconstruction of the penis using free tissue transfer was performed on a 43-year-old man who had total penectomy for carcinoma of the penis. A free forearm tissue flap was used to reconstruct urethra and for external skin coverage and Jonas silver penile prosthesis was used as a stent. Nutrient vessels (one artery and two veins) were anastomosed with a lateral circumflex femoral artery and two branches of the saphenous veins respectively and the nerve of flap was anastomosed with the pudendal nerve. We believe that this method is functionally and cosmetrically acceptable for reconstructing the penis, although unfortunately extrusion of the prosthesis ensued 63 days after the operation in our case.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[CP angle meningioma presenting as hemifacial spasm].

An interesting case of CP angle meningioma presenting with hemifacial spasm is reported. The patient was a 64-year-old woman with left hemifacial spasm of 18 years' duration which was the initial and the only symptom she had had for ten years until other signs and symptoms including tinnitus and hearing decrease on the left side, vertigo and left cerebellar disturbance occurred. Preoperative CT films showed an enhancing mass at the left CP angle. Operation was performed and the diagnosis of meningioma originating at the rostral edge of the jugular foramen was made. The tumor was extending from the lower cranial nerves up to the Vth nerve burring the VIIth, VIIIth, IXth, Xth, XIIth cranial nerves and vertebral artery within it and compressing the root exit zone of the VIIth nerve. It was totally removed by microsurgical techniques. Postoperative follow-up during eight months disclosed complete disappearance of hemifacial spasm. Residual neurological deficits were left hearing loss, mild facial weakness due to previous nerve blocks on the left side and slight hoarseness. But she was doing well as a housewife. So far, the authors have experienced with 1310 cases of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and 730 cases for tic douloureux. There were only 4 cases (0.3%) in which a CP angle tumor was found in hemifacial spasm series, while in tic douloureux series as many as 79 tumor cases (10.8%) were found. A review of the literature revealed that hemifacial spasm due to CP angle meningioma was very rare, particularly as an initial symptom as in our case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1987

[Intermediate- and high-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in acute refractory leukemia].

Seven patients with refractory and/or relapsed acute leukemia were treated with intermediate- or high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). One patient obtained complete remission and two achieved partial remission. We advocate intermediate ara-C in combination with anthracyclines for the treatment of patients with refractory and/or relapsed acute leukemia, because the toxicity is less severe than that of high-dose ara-C and the therapeutic results are not inferior to those obtained with high-dose ara-C. Kinetic differences in leukemic cells should be considered in order to obtain the maximum effect in intermediate- and high-dose ara-C therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Identification and quantitation of cells that process immune complexes in nephritic rats induced with bovine serum albumin.

A light microscopic autoradiography was used to determine which cell types positively disposed of the daily circulating immune complexes produced in rats with experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis. Our results indicated that polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) remove large quantities of immune complexes in the livers, spleens, and lungs of these rats. Semiquantitative autoradiography indicated further that the function of mononuclear phagocyte system decreased late in the course of glomerulonephritis; whereas, in compensation, the role of PMNs appeared to increase. Our data uncovered a significant role for PMNs in the disposition of immune complexes during the induction of experimental immune complex nephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunological studies on histiocytosis X. I. Special reference to the chemotactic defect and the HLA antigen.

We treated a family with three children with histiocytosis X (H-X). The chemotactic response of the neutrophils in these three patients was depressed and the chemotactic response of the neutrophils of the mother was also depressed compared to that of normal age-matched controls. To elucidate the genetic factors, we examined HLA antigens in five members of this family. All five members had Aw24, B7, Cw7, and DR1. Immunological and genetic studies in an additional 32 patients with H-X were performed. The chemotactic response of 35 patients with H-X (154.9 +/- 58.4/HPF) was significantly depressed in comparison with that of 35 age-matched healthy controls (613.3 +/- 116.7/HPF). In addition, the value of chemiluminescence of 20 of 35 patients (20.5 +/- 6.6 mV) was also significantly depressed in comparison with that of 20 normal controls (45.3 +/- 11.4 mV). The frequencies of Bw61 (54.4%) and Cw7 (45.4%) in 33 patients with H-X were significantly increased in comparison with those of 250 normal healthy controls (20.4 and 18.0%, respectively). Studies of immunoglobulin levels and complement titers of patients with H-X showed no consistent abnormalities. We proposed that defects of polymorphonuclear function may lead to an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in patients with this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Temporal and spatial dynamics of the periodic increase in intracellular free calcium at fertilization of golden hamster eggs.

A series of periodic increases in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) occurred upon fertilization in golden hamster eggs. The spatial distribution of the Ca2+ transients was investigated in single zona-free, aequorin-injected eggs, inseminated by single sperm. A supersensitive TV camera system for recording Ca2+-aequorin luminescence enabled us to observe the spatial distribution of the Ca2+ rise. In the first response, which usually occurred 10-30 sec after the sperm attachment, the increase in [Ca2+]i began near the sperm attachment site, and the Ca2+ rise spread over the entire egg within 4-7 sec. The Ca2+ rise attained its peak in 5-8 sec, declined with almost even distribution, and ceased in 12-17 sec. The spreading Ca2+ rise was repeated in the second and sometimes the third response, starting from the same focus, but spreading more rapidly (approximately 2 sec). In succeeding responses [Ca2+]i increased synchronously in the whole cytoplasm within 1 sec. When additional sperm attached to the egg after the occurrence of the first response by the first sperm, the spread of the Ca2+ rise could take place from near the site of additional sperm attachment but only in the second or third response.

Aequorin↗
PubMed1986

Portable limb-load monitor utilizing a thin capacitive transducer.

We describe a self contained electronic device for controlling the limb loads exerted by patients having one affected foot and using a walking aid. The device measures the limb load with a thin capacitative transducer attached to the sole of the patient's shoe, and operates in two basic modes. In the first mode the device compares the load with two preset thresholds and emits audible feedback tones to guide the patient in maintaining the required load on his affected foot; a low frequency tone when the load falls between the two thresholds, and a high frequency tone when the load exceeds the upper threshold. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the device in controlling the limb load in the first mode. In the second mode, only one threshold is preset. When the load exceeds that threshold and is maintained above this level for a period longer than a selected stance-duration time, a low-frequency tone is generated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Testicular histology and function following long-term chemotherapy of acute leukemia in children and outcome of the patients who received testicular biopsy.

Wedge biopsy of the testis was performed in 46 children who had received long-term chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Occult testicular infiltration was noted in three children (6.5%). Two of three children with biopsy-proven infiltration died of systemic disease in spite of local irradiation and reinduction chemotherapy. Six of 43 children shown to be negative by testicular biopsy relapsed 11 months to 15 years later, and 3 of 6 patients died of systemic disease, but none of the cases developed testicular disease. Chemotherapy-induced gonadal damage was observed in 30 of 46 children, and tubular damage was occasionally still seen 4 years after cessation of treatment. Although gonadal damage usually depends on the cumulative dosage of cyclophosphamide, intact tubular fertility index was found in several children who had received a greater dose of cyclophosphamide intermittently. Induction and maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia had little influence on hormonal function. Testicular biopsy at the time of cessation of chemotherapy seems to be worthwhile for the subsequent strategy of treatment, and long-term surveillance for gonadal damage of long-term survivors will be required.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis in rats. IV. A sequential evaluation of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) function.

A clearance kinetic study of intravenously administered 125I-labeled aggregated human IgG (125I-AHIgG) from the circulation and its distribution in various organs was performed weekly during the course in a model of experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis which was induced in rats immunized 8 weeks previously with 6 times a week administration of 2 mg of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 4 weeks from week 8 to 12. The removal rates of the injected 125I-AHIgG from the circulation were retarded in nonproteinuric rats of week 9 and 10, at almost every checked point (p-value was less than 0.01). The clearance in those rats with severe proteinuria returned to the level of the control and of rats in week 8. The distribution of 125I-AHIgG in the liver 4 hours after the administration revealed a considerable decrease in non-overt proteinuric rats of weeks 9, 10, and 11. A similar tendency of decreasing depositions of the radioactivity was shown in the spleen at each 4 hours. In contrast, the uptakes in the kidney and lung at the final week of 12 were larger. Delayed clearance from the circulation and a decreasing handle of the injected macromolecule in the liver and possibly in the spleen may suggest the presence of some impairment of the MPS function in the course of this experimental glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗