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Biomedical subjects

S Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Miyazaki.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis in rats. VII. In vivo kinetics of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

In vivo quantitation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was carried out and their accumulation kinetics were determined by adoptive transfer of 51Cr-PMN in control rats, nephritic but non-proteinuric rats and nephritic rats with heavy proteinuria. Nephritis was induced by daily administration of antigen to preimmunized rats for 4 weeks. Renal accumulation of 51Cr-PMN was maximal at 3 h after the adoptive transfer in diseased rats, to which the last antigen administration was given 24 h prior to the kinetic study. Histologically, however, a considerable number of PMN had infiltrated into the glomeruli of these rats at any given time during the 24-h period, i.e., the time interval between antigen challenges. Two pieces of evidence strongly suggest that circulating PMN adhere to glomeruli, stay there for a short time and then become dispersed again into the circulation. When antigen was administered after 51Cr-PMN transfer, the PMN disappeared promptly from the circulation and accumulated in the lungs and liver, resulting in a lack of any peak in the kidney PMN kinetics. It is concluded that the presence of an appreciable number of PMN in the glomeruli reflected the dynamic balance of cell influx and efflux.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sustained release of indomethacin from chitosan granules in beagle dogs.

The potential of chitosan granules as an oral sustained-release dosage form of indomethacin has been compared with conventional capsules in beagle dogs. When a commercial capsule was administered orally, the plasma concentrations reached the maximum level in 30 min. The granules did not give a sharp peak to the plasma concentration, but produced a sustained plateau of the drug. This may be due to the slow rate of release and a longer residence time in the stomach. Thus, in terms of reducing the peak in plasma concentration and maintenance of drug concentration in plasma, the chitosan granules were superior to conventional capsules.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

External control of drug release: controlled release of insulin from a hydrophilic polymer implant by ultrasound irradiation in diabetic rats.

The development of a polymeric system capable of delivering insulin in-vivo at increased rates on demand by an external ultrasound irradiation is reported. Implants composed of EVA1 copolymer and insulin were placed subcutaneously in diabetic rats. When the diabetic rats receiving implants containing insulin were exposed to an ultrasound irradiation, a sharp drop in the blood glucose levels was observed after the irradiation, indicating a rapid rate of release of insulin in the implanted site.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Adherence of Streptococcus agalactiae to synchronously growing human cell monolayers without lipoteichoic acid involvement.

Freshly isolated virulent and nonvirulent strains of Streptococcus agalactiae type III were used to study differences in coccal adherence to synchronously dividing, subconfluent human embryonic amnion and fetal lung monolayers in vitro. The adherence frequency by virulent isolates of mid-logarithmically growing cocci to amnion cells varied markedly with host cell age, being highest shortly after eucaryotic cell division. This variation was not observed with lung cell monolayers, suggesting that cyclic production or exposure of coccal receptor sites on the eucaryotic cell surface with age is not a common property of all primary human cells in vitro. However, and regardless of age, not all cells within these synchronously dividing populations bound virulent cocci, indicating that a very small segment of a population may always be unresponsive to host cell interactions with a coccal pathogen. By comparison, adherence of nonvirulent coccal isolates to amnion and lung cells remained constant and of a very low order, regardless of host cell age. Maximal adherence of virulent S. agalactiae to young host cells occurred at early and mid-logarithmic phases of growth. However, at the late stationary growth phase, adherence was reduced to almost that of nonvirulent isolates. Pretreatment of virulent S. agalactiae with anti-lipoteichoic acid (LTA) serum failed to inhibit coccal adherence to these different host cells. Heat negated adherence. Group B coccal LTA was cytotoxic for these host cells. However, pretreatment of amnion and lung cells with nontoxic levels of this amphiphile did not prevent attachment of virulent cocci. Finally, coccal pretreatment with pronase abrogated adherence to either host cell even though surface-exposed LTA was uneffected, as observed by the indirect fluorescent-antibody procedure. Likewise, no observable difference in surface LTA was detected when fresh isolates of virulent and nonvirulent coccal strains were compared by this procedure. These studies suggest that protein involvement, rather than LTA, is primarily responsible for mediating virulent S. agalactiae type III attachment to these synchronously growing, subconfluent eucaryotic monolayers in vitro.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1988

Role of the left atrium in adaptation of the heart to chronic mitral regurgitation in conscious dogs.

The manner in which the left atrium adapts to chronic mitral regurgitation and the role of the adapted left atrium as a modulator of excessive central blood volume were analyzed in seven conscious dogs, instrumented with high-fidelity pressure transducers and ultrasonic dimension gauges for measurement of left atrial and left ventricular pressure and cavity size. After obtaining data in a control situation, mitral regurgitation was produced by transventricular chordal sectioning. Heart rate was matched by right atrial pacing. In the "early" stage (7-14 days), left ventricular end-diastolic and mean left atrial pressures increased from 6 to 16 mm Hg and from 4 to 12 mm Hg, respectively. Both left ventricular end-diastolic segment length and left atrial diameter prior to atrial contraction increased by 7%. In the "late" stage (20-35 days), despite significant decreases in left ventricular filling pressure (11 mm Hg) and left atrial pressure (8 mm Hg), there was a continuous increase in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (10%) and atrial end-diastolic diameter (10%). After the onset of mitral regurgitation, the left atrium performed greater work with a more enlarged cavity. Left atrial chamber stiffness was progressively decreased. These changes were associated with progressive increase in the left atrial diameter at zero stress, and there was a significant increase in the diameter of the left atrial myocyte. These results indicate that during chronic mitral regurgitation, the left atrium enlarges in size and mass, with a more potent booster action. The left atrial chamber becomes more compliant. Thus, the enlarged left atrium appears to exert an important compensatory mechanism in the case of excessive central blood volume by buffering pressure rise in the atrium and by providing an adequate ventricular filling volume.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1988

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of Dieulafoy's ulcer.

Dieulafoy's ulcer often develops unmanageable severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage and sometimes takes a fatal course. In the past surgical operations were considered to be the only life-saving measure for this lesion. Since 1979, 46 lesions of Dieulafoy's ulcer in 45 cases with active bleeding from exposed blood vessels were treated during emergency endoscopy by the hemostatic method of pure ethanol injection. Transient hemostasis was obtained in all cases. Rebleeding occurred in 5 cases (11%) and pure ethanol injection was performed again. Hemostasis was obtained in all cases, but one case again had rebleeding due to an overlooked Dieulafoy's ulcer located in the gastric fundus. Emergent surgical operation was performed in this case. No case required elective surgery and no deaths were attributed to bleeding. Our method achieved complete hemostasis at a rate of 98% (44 cases) for Dieulafoy's ulcer. The pure ethanol injection method is one of the most effective hemostatic methods for the Dieulafoy's ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of absolute ethanol injection for upper gastrointestinal massive bleedings with hemorrhagic shock.

We applied the absolute ethanol injection method in 182 cases of massive bleeding with hemorrhagic shock before the performance of emergency endoscopy in 627 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at our department and five related institutions since June 1979. Following results were obtained: Temporary hemostasis could not be obtained in only 2 (1.1%) out of 182 cases; in the remaining 180 cases bleeding was ceased. Rebleeding was seen in 15 cases (8.2%) and new bleeding in 17 cases (9.3%). In 21 (66%) of these cases hemostasis was obtained again by the absolute ethanol injection method. Eight patients (4.4%) underwent emergency operation and 4 patients (2.2%) died from bleeding. The complete hemostasis was obtained in 170 cases (93.4%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Obstructive sleep dyspnea. Diagnosis and treatment.

Polysomnography was performed on obstructive sleep dyspnea patients before and after treatment. Based on the value of intraesophageal pressure, the grade of respiratory disturbance was classified in 4 groups; normal, slightly obstructed, moderately obstructed and highly obstructed. In general, as the grade advanced, more parameters showed abnormality, Transnasal continuous positive pressure (CPAP) was a useful diagnostic method to evaluate the severity of obstruction. During the past 7 years, polysomnography has been performed on 50 children and 62 adults who complained of sleep dyspnea. Only highly obstructed cases underwent surgery; intranasal corrective surgeries, adenotonsillectomy, sinusectomy, UPPP and any combination of these. Most of them had more than one cause. After surgery, all of them were satisfied, except for a few whose snores were not so loud even when we tested before surgery. Postoperative survey by inquiry sheets demonstrated that recovery of sound sleep and enough rest resulted in refreshing and active lives during daytime.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical effects of terodiline hydrochloride on urinary frequency and sense of residual urine--a double blind clinical trial using flavoxate hydrochloride as a control].

A double blind clinical trial was performed as a multicenter study to determine the usefulness of terodiline hydrochloride (HCl), an anticholinergic and calcium antagonistic agent, for urinary frequency or sense of residual urine in patients with psychogenic diseases, chronic prostatitis or chronic cystitis. Either 24 mg of terodiline HCl a day or 600 mg of flavoxate HCl a day was given for 4 weeks. One hundred and ninety-nine patients completed the test. The final global improvement rating was 70% in patients given terodiline HCl and 48% in patients given flavoxate HCl. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Diurnal and nocturnal urinary frequency and urinary incontinence were less in patients given terodiline HCl than in patients given flavoxate HCl (p less than 0.01). No difference was noted between the two agents in relieving sense of residual urine. Compared with the control period, the average urinary frequency decreased 2.0 times a day in patients given terodiline HCl and 0.7 times in patients given flavoxate HCl. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Adverse effects were observed in 12% of the patients given terodiline HCl and in 16% of the patients given flavoxate HCl. They included thirst, difficult urination, constipation, slight increase of serum GOT, GPT or alkaline phosphatase, and so forth. They disappeared with discontinued use of the agent. The global utility rating was 68% in patients given terodiline HCl and 45% in patients given flavoxate HCl, the difference being significant (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that terodiline HCl is useful for the treatment of urinary symptoms in patients with psychogenic diseases, chronic prostatitis or chronic cystitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Operative results in 45 cases of acoustic neurinoma: technical comments on the preservation of the facial nerve and hearing function].

This report deals with the operative results in 45 cases of acoustic neurinoma treated in our service during the past six years. Surgery was performed in a lateral position through a small suboccipital craniectomy. Radical total removal of the tumor was achieved in 37 cases and nearly total resection was performed in 8 cases to preserve the facial nerve. Major complications occurred in 2 patients; one died of acute respiratory distress and the other had persisting ataxia due to damage of AICA. The facial nerve was anatomically preserved in 38 cases. Six patients in whom the facial nerve was not preserved underwent various types of facial nerve reconstruction. Postoperative follow-up showed excellent facial nerve function in 32 cases, good function in 11 and poor function in 3. Hearing was preserved in only one case of 11 cases who had preoperatively retained auditory function. Followings are important points for the preservation of postoperative facial nerve function and useful hearing. FACIAL NERVE: Intraoperative identification of facial nerve is crucial. The facial nerve was in most cases compressed ventrally by the tumor, however, 4 cases showed abnormal course of the facial nerve (dorsal in 1, rostral in 1 and caudal in 2 cases). The facial nerve was extremely thin and adherent at the ventral side of the tumor and invisible under the microscope in 60% of the cases. When the facial nerve is hardly separated from the tumor capsule, nearly total resection (leaving thin tumor capsule with the membranous facial nerve) is recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗