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Biomedical subjects

S Miyauchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Miyauchi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Usefulness of caerulein in suppressing post-TAE complications of the gallbladder].

While transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) has been extensively performed as a form of treatment for nonresectable malignant hepatic tumors, complications, such as abdominal pain, fever or leukocytosis due to gallbladder infarction by embolic materials frequently occur and have not yet been overcome. We devised a new procedure for reducing the incidence of gallbladder infarction by administering caerulein prior to TAE. Between 1984 and 1986, 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by TAE with the use of Gelfoam. These patients were divided into 3 groups. Fourteen patients underwent TAE in which the tip of the catheter was placed in the right hepatic artery distal to the origin of the cystic artery (group A). In the other patients the tip of the catheter was placed proximal to the origin of the cystic artery; 40 patients were not treated by caerulein (group B); 9 patients were administered caerulein 20 micrograms intramuscularly 15 to 30 minutes prior to TAE. The incidence of complications after TAE, such as abdominal pain, fever over 38 degrees C, leukocytosis and ultrasonographical abnormalities of the gallbladder was compared in these 3 groups. The results showed that in group C (TAE after administration of caerulein), the incidence of complications was significantly decreased compared with group B(TAE without caerulein). The authors suggest that post-TAE infarction of the gallbladder is effectively diminished by contracting it with caerulein.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1986

A simulation study on the effect of a uniform diffusional barrier across hepatocytes on drug metabolism by evenly or unevenly distributed uni-enzyme in the liver.

The effect of a uniform diffusional barrier on hepatic extraction of the parent drug by evenly or unevenly distributed uni-enzyme was quantitatively determined by the present simulation study. Five models of enzymic distribution were defined with regard to the hepatic blood flow path, and the extraction ratios were calculated or simulated under the various conditions of average intrinsic clearances and diffusion clearances across hepatocytes. Differences in the extraction ratios among the five models were evaluated by the "relative extraction ratios," which are the extraction ratios in each model divided by that in the model where the enzymatic activity is evenly distributed. It was found that when a diffusion clearance was high compared to the intrinsic clearance, enzymic distribution was not an important determinant of the extent of hepatic extraction. By contrast, when a diffusional barrier across hepatocytes exists, i.e., the diffusion clearance is low or intermediate compared to the intrinsic clearance, extraction ratios differed widely among the models of enzymic distribution, especially at intermediate average intrinsic clearances. In the presence of a diffusional barrier, the more skewed the distribution of the enzymatic activity is, the lesser the amount of drug eliminated at steady state. The most efficient metabolism occurred when the enzymatic activity was evenly distributed.

Diffusion↗
PubMed1986

Evaluations on the usefulness of viscous agents in anterior segment surgery. I. The ability to maintain the deepness of the anterior chamber.

Maintenance of the deepness of the anterior chamber is necessary to prevent the direct contact of surgical instruments with the corneal endothelium. Therefore, in this study, we measured the ability of viscous agents to maintain the deepness of the anterior chamber in vitro and discussed the correlations between this ability and the viscosity or elasticity of the various viscous agents. A 1% solution of sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 2160 X 10(3) which has the highest viscosity and elasticity showed the best ability to maintain deepness. A 2% solution of methylcellulose with a molecular weight of 86 X 10(3) and a 1% solution of sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 790 X 10(3) were also useful in maintaining the deepness. On the other hand, a 50% solution of sodium chondroitin sulfate with a molecular weight of 30 X 10(3), which has a higher viscosity but a lower elasticity than methylcellulose or sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 790 X 10(3), was unable to maintain sufficient deepness. A 1% solution of sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 250 X 10(3) which has the lowest viscosity and elasticity was completely ineffective for maintaining deepness. These results suggest that the ability to maintain the deepness of the anterior chamber depends on the elasticity of the viscous agent rather than its viscosity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Thymidylate synthase inhibition in malignant tumors after oral administration of UFT].

Surgical resection of solid tumors was undertaken five to six hours after the oral administration of UFT (300-500 mg/body) in five patients, who were (then) assayed for 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP), total dTMP synthase (TS) and non-FdUMP-bound, free enzyme. Three patients had gastric cancer, and two had mammary cancer. Control solid tumors were obtained without, the drug in eight patients. Six patients had gastric cancer. Eight had mammary cancer. Total TS averaged 2.04 p mol/g in the malignant tissues. TS inhibition averaged 40.1% to 57.1% in gastric cancer and 17.1% to 52.7% in mammary cancer. These data suggest that TS inhibition after oral administration of 5FU derivatives may be usefully studied for biochemical parameters of mechanisms of drug resistance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Biochemical studies on the use of sodium hyaluronate in the anterior eye segment. III. Histological studies on distribution and efflux process of 5-aminofluorescein-labeled hyaluronate.

5-aminofluorescein-labeled hyaluronate was injected into the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes, and its distribution in the anterior segment and efflux process from the chamber were investigated. At an early stage after the injection, fluorescence was observed in the iris and corneo-scleral junction. The labeled hyaluronate in the lysosome separated from the iris had been degraded remarkably at this stage. These results suggest that the labeled hyaluronate injected into the chamber is eliminated not only through the aqueous plexus/sinus of the chamber angle but also through the iris and corneo-scleral junction by digestion with lysosomal hyaluronidase in the iris. On the other hand, fluorescence was observed at and after 12 hours in the corneal stroma. This finding means that a part of the labeled hyaluronate that had been distributed in the corneo-scleral junction permeated into the central part of the cornea through the extracellular space of the corneal stroma. Fluorescence could not be detected in the lens and ciliary body at any period after the injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Folded skin with lipomatous nevus in the forehead and scalp.

An 18-year old Japanese woman with folded skin in the forehead and scalp was found to have an underly Brachycephaly with peculiar hair lines, broad and sparse eyebrows, bilateral epicanthi, and decreased neck-shoulder angles were found, as well as reticular pigmentation of fingers and toes. Routine laboratory data and endocrine analyses were within normal limits. Combined longitudinal and coronal incisions in the forehead and scalp initially, followed by gull-wing incisions along the eyebrows, resulted in satisfactory improvement of the clinical appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effect of changing the maxillomandibular relationship by a bite plane on the habitual mandibular opening and closing movement.

The relationship between the change of afferent information from occlusal contacts and its influence on the jaw muscles was investigated. For this purpose, the following questions were posed and experimental studies designed. If the subject was given habitual occlusal contacts in centric relations with a bite plane, were the habitual mandibular closing and opening movements influenced? Second, was it easier for the subjects to accomplish regular habitual mandibular opening and closing movements, when the bite plane was inserted and removed? From the results it could be concluded that the centric occlusal contacts in centric relation were more physiological for the jaw muscles. In addition, when the new occlusal position was coincident or close to the centric relation, it was easier for the subject to study and acquire the new habitual mandibular opening and closing movement.

Adolescent↗