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Biomedical subjects

S Misawa

Publications and source records attributed to S Misawa.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Renin release from microdissected superficial, midcortical, and juxtamedullary afferent arterioles in rabbits].

Though renin release from a single superficial afferent arteriole has been studied extensively, there is no report on renin release from a single midcortical or juxtamedullary afferent arteriole. In the present study, we microdissected the entire afferent arterioles from superficial, middle, and juxtamedullary cortex of rabbit kidney, and examined renin release from a single afferent arteriole. In result, we got the following conclusions. 1. Basal renin release per afferent arteriole decreases steeply from superficial to midcortical to juxtamedullary afferent arterioles during both normal and low sodium intake. 2. Isoproterenol (1.6 x 10(-4)M) significantly stimulates renin release from all three types of arterioles on either diet; however, only in the superficial arterioles is the increase (delta) greater with dietary sodium restriction. These findings indicate substantial heterogeneity of basal and isoproterenol-stimulated renin release, and response to chronic sodium depletion.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of pedestrian injuries in traffic accidents: impact point, injury portion, and injury severity].

We conducted in-depth case studies of traffic accidents involving 118 pedestrians, who were struck by the fronts of bonnet-type cars. The data were reviewed in order to correlate injury severity with pedestrian age, and area of body contact, contact surface of vehicle or the local environment, and impact speed. It was found that head injuries caused by impacts against the top surface of car bonnets and leg injuries caused by front bumpers both showed high incidence rates. Both head and leg injuries caused by striking the vehicle were more severe than those caused by striking the road surface. In cases of impact between the head and the solid portion of the vehicle, such as the A-pillar, or in cases of secondary impact between the head and underhood solid structures such as shock tower, injuries tended to be more severe. The location of head impact varied according to the stature of the pedestrians.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

[Retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in t (15; 17) APL].

A t(15; 17) (q22; q21) translocation is identified in most patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This translocation constructs fusion genes between retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) at 17q21 and PML at 15q22. These rearrangements can be detected in the majority of patients with APL but not in other types of leukemias, by Southern blotting. Breakpoints cluster in limited regions of RARA and PML, and PML/RARA and RARA/PML transcripts can also be detected by RT-PCR. Although PML/RARA and RARA/PML fusion products are transcribed in APL, PML/RARA may play an important role in the etiology of APL. Clinically, most APL patients achieve remission by oral administration of high dose all-trans retinoic acid.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Alterations of the p53 gene in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia including chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute leukemia.

We analyzed the structural alteration of the p53 gene, by Southern blotting with conventional and/or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia (chronic myelogenous leukemia; CML, 34 cases and acute leukemia; AL, 5 cases). We found an alteration of the p53 gene in one of 5 AL patients. Loss of heterozygosity was detected in two CML patients with i(17q) chromosome, but we could find no other alterations in the remaining CML patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

A simple useful method for the determination of hepatic function in patients with liver cirrhosis using caffeine and its three major dimethylmetabolites.

Serum concentrations of caffeine (CA) and its three major dimethylmetabolites (theobromine; TB: paraxanthine; PX: theophylline; TP) were measured in fifteen patients with cholelithiasis, in ten patients with cirrhosis and in ten healthy subjects after the oral CA (2 mg/kg) loading. The correlations of total body clearance (CL) between three-point study (sampling times 1, 2 and 4 h) and nine-point study (sampling times 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h) were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.988, p less than 0.001). The elimination half-life (t1/2) of CA was significantly longer in cirrhotic patients than in the other two groups. Cirrhosis had no effect on the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of CA, but CL of CA was substantially reduced in these patients. Production of the three metabolites of CA, but mainly PX, was reduced in patients with cirrhosis. There were significant correlations between the serum PX/CA (r = 0.911, p less than 0.001) and (PX + TB + TP)/CA (r = 0.905, p less than 0.001) ratios and CL of CA at 4 h after CA administration in the three groups. These findings suggest that CA pharmacokinetic parameters can be estimated using a simplified three-point blood sampling procedure following a single oral load and that the serum PX/CA or (PX + TB + TP)/CA ratio in a single blood sample taken 2 or 4 h after dosing provides a useful indicator for the assessment of hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity, N-demethylation, in decompensated liver cirrhosis. However, CA test was unable to distinguish the difference of liver function between the control subjects and in patients with cholelithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Ph1-positive leukemia: cytogenetic outline and prognosis].

Ph1-positive leukemias consist of acute leukemia (Ph1 AL) and CML. Cytogenetically, Ph1 AL is often associated with +6, -7, +8, +21, or +Ph1. CML is predominantly accompanied by +Ph1, +8, i (17q), +19 in myeloid crisis and +Ph1, +8, +21 in lymphoid crisis. Thus, i(17q) seems specific for myeloid crisis of CML. Ph1 constricts ABL/BCR within M-BCR in CML and in one half of the adult Ph1 AL. BCR breaks upstream to M-BCR in the other half of adult AL and in most of childhood AL. However, the breakpoint does not affect clinical and hematological features in AL. Consequently, there seems to be two types of Ph1 leukemia; one is AL representing m-BCR rearrangement and the other is CML and Ph1 AL showing M-BCR rearrangement.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1992

Absence in Ph-negative, M-BCR rearrangement-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia of linkage between 5' ABL and 3' M-BCR sequences in Philadelphia translocation.

The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome can be detected in the vast majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We performed a long-range analysis of chromosomal translocation junction by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) techniques, to examine whether molecular evidence of a reciprocal Ph translocation exists in Ph-positive CML as well as Ph-negative, M-BCR rearrangement-positive CML. The rearrangement within M-BCR and ABL was detected in all patients including nine Ph-positive CML, and three Ph-negative CML. The rearranged 3'-abl fragments showed comigration with rearranged 5'-bcr fragment in rare-cutting restriction enzyme digests in all patients with Ph-positive CML. Thus, the physical linkage of the 3' part of ABL to the 5' side of M-BCR on 22q-chromosome was shown. The same linkage was also demonstrated in all three patients with Ph-negative CML. Meanwhile, the rearranged 3'-bcr fragments showed comigration with rearranged pHabl5' (or T39-1-2) fragments in all patients with Ph-positive CML, indicating the linkage of the 5' end of ABL to the 3' part of M-BCR on 9q+ chromosome. However, this linkage was absent in two Ph-negative CML patients who could be studied. The results suggest that a genomic insertion of 3' ABL into M-BCR in Ph-negative CML occurs by a single cytogenetic event rather than a two-translocation mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the apolipoprotein AII locus--phenotyping from peripheral blood and hair.

The genomes of eukaryotes including humans contain very short simple sequence repeats such as (dA-dC)n and (dG-dT)n. Recently, these repeats have been reported to exhibit marked length polymorphism due to wide variation in their reiteration numbers. We report here dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the apolipoprotein AII locus in Japanese subjects. The informativeness in Japanese was as high as in Caucasians (PIC value and heterozygosity of 0.67 and 0.72, respectively), but their allele frequencies were different with statistical significance. We also discuss the advantages of using dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in forensic science, demonstrating determination of phenotype from not only a single hair root but also a short hair shaft.

Apolipoprotein A-II↗
PubMed1991

Regional chromosomal assignment of carcinoembryonic antigen gene (CEA) to chromosome 19 at band q13.2.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycoprotein, is one of the most widely used human tumor markers. It is a member of a gene family comprising about 10 closely related genes and might be found throughout mammalians. Recently, two parts of a genomic DNA for CEA were isolated and sequenced. Using these genomic DNA fragments as probes we assigned the human CEA gene to chromosome 19 at the band q13.2 by in situ hybridization.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1991

Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with aggressive natural killer cell leukemia.

We describe a patient who had aggressive natural killer cell leukemia with profound hemophagocytosis. This combination must be underscored as one of several hemophagocytic syndromes. Activated phagocytes in the bone marrow appeared morphologically normal and could possibly be proliferating in response to some cytokine(s) such as interferon-gamma produced by leukemic cells, whose serum level was found to be extremely elevated in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Establishment and characterization of a new Ewing's sarcoma cell line.

A new human Ewing's sarcoma cell line (CADO-ES1) was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a 19-year-old woman. These cells grew both anchorage dependently and anchorage independently. When cultured in bacteriologic dishes, they grew as tightly packed multicellular tumor spheroids; they were also capable of proliferating in soft agar. Flow cytometric DNA analysis demonstrated a nearly diploid DNA content (DNA index = 0.902). Chromosomal studies of cultured cells showed an isodicentric chromosome 8 in all examined cells, but t(11;22)(q24;q12), a translocation reported previously in Ewing's sarcoma, was not detected. Under normal culture conditions, no morphologic evidence of neural differentiation was detected. In addition, immunocytochemical studies showed that vimentin was intensely positive, whereas neurofilament (NF) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were weakly positive. Treatment with cyclic AMP (cAMP) induced pronounced morphologic evidence of neural differentiation and strong expression of NF in cultured cells. S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), desmin, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were not detected immunohistochemically in either untreated or cAMP-treated cells, however. These data suggest that this cell line is derived from a highly undifferentiated neural cell with high chromosomal clonality, differentiating into neural features under certain conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Assignment of the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor gene (CSF3R) to chromosome 1 at region p35-p34.3.

The gene for the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor (CSF3R) was localized on the p35-p34.3 region of human chromosome 1 by in situ hybridization using human G-CSF receptor cDNA as the probe. Polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotides specific for the human CSF3R produced a specifically amplified DNA fragment with DNA from mouse A9 cells that contained human chromosome 1 but not other human chromosomes. Localization of the CSF3R on chromosome 1 was further confirmed by the spot-blot hybridization of sorted human chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of liver damage on antipyrine metabolite formation in rats.

1. The effects of three types of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), D-galactosamine (Ga1N) and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) on antipyrine (AP) metabolism was studied in rats. 2. The serum half-life (t1/2) of AP (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was increased and total body clearance (CL) decreased in all three types of liver damage; the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was relatively unchanged. 3. Rates of formation of AP metabolites (CLm) were lower than those in the control group in all three types of liver damage. 4. Rates of urinary excretion (% dose) of AP metabolites, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) and 3-hydroxymethyl-3-norantipyrine (NORA) were decreased in all three types of liver damage. However, the rate for 4-hydroxyantipyrine (OHA) was lower only in the Ga1N-treated rats. 5. The percentage conjugation of HMA was higher in the ANIT-treated rats than in the control group, and percentage conjugation of NOR was lower only in the Ga1N-treated rats. 6. These results indicate that the pathways of oxidation and conjugation of AP metabolism are not affected to the same extents by different types of liver damage.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1991

Acute erythroleukemia with t(3;5) accompanied by hepatocellular carcinoma.

A female patient in whom acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL, FAB-M6) developed during treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is described. Two years after partial hepatectomy and subsequent chemotherapy, leukemia developed following a 2 month preleukemic stage. Chromosomal analysis revealed an abnormal karyotype, 46,XX,-5, + der(5)t(3;5)(q25;q31). The balanced translocation t(3;5) has been observed in all types of ANLL and MDS except for ANLL M3 subtype. We summarize patients with ANLL M6 and t(3;5).

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1991

Expression of CD56/NCAM on hematopoietic malignant cells. A useful marker for acute monocytic and megakaryocytic leukemias.

We investigated the expression of CD56 (a neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) and CD57 in various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignant cells, using Leu-19 and Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies. Although both molecules are commonly defined as a natural killer cell marker, we found that CD56 was highly expressed on blasts from patients with acute monocytic (4/6) and megakaryocytic (3/3) leukemias. In the latter, FACS two-color analysis revealed that leukemic megakaryoblasts simultaneously expressed CD56 and platelet-related antigens. Among leukemic cell lines, one myelocytic, three monocytic, and two megakaryocytic lines were positive for CD56. On the other hand, except for one large granular lymphocytic leukemia and one multiple myeloma cell line, none of the lymphoid leukemia cell lines or lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (0/15), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (0/2), and central nervous system (CNS) leukemia (0/2) reacted with Leu-19 antibody for CD56. The expression of CD56 in leukemia cells was not significantly affected by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). By contrast, all hematopoietic materials were negative for CD57, while non-hematopoietic neuroblastoma cell lines expressed this molecule (4/5) as well as CD56 (5/5). Cytogenetically, the NCAM gene is located at chromosome 11q23, and chromosome breaks were often observed at this location in various leukemias. Blasts from all five acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients and cell lines with 11q23-proximal chromosomal breaks were positive, while those from one ALL patient with an 11q23 abnormality were negative for CD56, necessitating further studies to clarify the link between the 11q23 abnormality and CD56 expression.

Adolescent↗