Major histocompatibility complex antigens in Turkish children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
S Mir
Publications and source records attributed to S Mir.
Major histocompatibility complex antigens and immune mechanisms in steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome.
Although the pathogenesis of steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is obscure, involvement of an immune mechanism is often suggested. Further evidence of an immune basis for this disorder is an increased frequency of specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. In the first part of this study, the phenotypic frequency of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR antigens were investigated in 30 children with SRNS and in 630 controls. In the second part, total T (CD3+ cells) and B lymphocytes (CD19+ cells) and the lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+ cells and their ratio) were studied in the same patients and in 30 healthy children. The investigations of all patients were performed during the acute stage and 14 of 30 during remission stage. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) were determined by standard microlymphocytotoxicity assay and lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Human leukocyte antigens A3, DR4, DR7 and the haplotype HLA-A2/B12 showed the strongest association with SRNS. In the studies for cellular immune disorder, CD3+ and CD8+ cells were found to be decreased significantly in the acute stage before beginning steroid therapy. No significant difference in lymphocyte subsets was observed in the remission stage without steroid or immunosuppressive therapy.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Why do UK-born Pakistani babies have high perinatal and neonatal mortality rates?
A prospective study of 4934 babies of different ethnic groups has confirmed the high perinatal mortality rate for Pakistanis and has shown that this was not due to a reluctance to terminate a fetus who is known to be seriously malformed. The major cause of early mortality was a high rate of lethal malformations, which occurred in about 1 in 100 Pakistani babies and which accounted for about half of their perinatal mortality. Many of these were autosomal recessive and occurred only in the offspring of consanguineous parents. However, there was also an excess of lethal cardiac malformations which were not associated with parental consanguinity. The remainder of the excess perinatal mortality was probably due to socio-economic factors. These causes are partly amenable to preventive measures, such as the referral of Pakistani women for expert ultrasonography at 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Cause of Death↗
Race, consanguinity and social features in Birmingham babies: a basis for prospective study.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of consanguinity on children's health. DESIGN: The study is a prospective survey from birth to five years of a cohort of babies born in a multiracial community. This report details the initial findings on consanguinity. SETTING: Participating families live predominantly in three health districts of Birmingham, and were recruited in three local maternity hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Babies of 2432 European mothers, 509 Afro-Caribbean mothers, 625 Indian mothers, 956 Pakistani mothers, and 216 Bangladeshi mothers have been enrolled in the study. Eighty mothers refused to participate. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sociodemographic information was obtained using a structured questionnaire administered at interview. Interview data were supplemented with obstetric information from the medical records. The highest prevalence of parental consanguinity was in Pakistani Muslims (69%), whereas in Muslims from other countries it was 23%, and it was less than 1% in non-Muslims. In the majority of consanguineous Muslim pedigrees the degree of inbreeding was greater than that for first cousin parents. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study will allow an assessment to be made about any ill health in childhood arising from parental consanguinity, about whether screening programmes are indicated for particular autosomal recessive diseases, and about whether premarital health education might be beneficial. The study has also documented parental ages in different races and this, together with the levels of parental consanguinity in all races, will be useful in genetic methods for assessing the frequency of recessive genes, the possibility of genetic heterogeneity, and whether or not parental age effect exists for new mutations of specific genetic disorders.
Adolescent↗
An experimental evaluation of microcapsules for arterial chemoembolization.
Microcapsules, 106 micron (range, 50-350 micron), of different capsular materials (monoglyceride, monodiglyceride, natural wax, cellulose polymer, or lactic acid polymer) with and without floxuridine (2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, FUDR) were intraarterially injected into dog kidneys. The drug-release characteristics of the microcapsules, as determined by analysis of renal and systemic venous blood samples over a 6-hour period, were uniphasic or multiphasic depending on the capsular material. Histologic changes of varying degrees were noted in all kidneys embolized except for those subjected to capsules of the cellulose polymer. The most striking changes were produced by the lactide polymer capsules. The potential applications of microencapsuled chemotherapeutic agents in intraarterial transcatheter treatment of cancer are discussed.
Animals↗
Transcatheter thrombolysis in cancer patients.
Arterial thrombolysis was successfully accomplished in 15 of 18 (83%) cancer patients by the continuous intraarterial transcatheter administration of streptokinase (70 units/kg/h or 5000 u/h and/or urokinase (400-500 u/kg/h) over 24-96 h. In 16 of these patients, the arterial thrombosis was a complication of transcatheter infusion of chemotherapeutic agents or embolization therapy. A combination of streptokinase, urokinase and heparin (10,000-25,000 U/day) was utilized without significant side effect and was effective in all 8 patients receiving treatment. Creating a tunnel through the clot, daily monitoring of the catheter with repositioning when necessary, and adjusting the type and dose of thrombolytic agent aided the therapeutic management.
Adolescent↗
Case report of translumbar renal angiography and embolization.
The translumbar approach was used for renal angiography and transcatheter embolization in a patient whose usual sites of vascular entry were not available because of arteriosclerotic occlusive vascular disease. A description is given of the reasons for embolization and the method used.
Aged↗
Middle sacral arteriography: diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
The authors review the anatomy of the middle sacral artery and its relationship to the lower lumbar and internal iliac arteries. Middle sacral arteriography was performed in 8 patients, transcatheter tumor embolization in 6, and infusion chemotherapy in 1. There were no complications. The authors consider selective middle sacral arteriography beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of sacral tumors.
Adolescent↗
Experimental evaluation of intraarterial occlusion-infusion chemotherapy.
Intraarterial occlusion-infusion of vincristine and Adriamycin was performed in six dogs using balloon infusion catheters. Tissue toxicity was compared with that obtained when the same drugs were administered by simple arterial infusion. Balloon occlusion of the external iliac artery produced reversed blood flow in the deep femoral, caudal femoral, and superficial circumflex iliac arteries, potentially altering the distribution of the drugs. Thrombosis of arterial branches occurred in three dogs, sooner but no more often in the groups receiving occlusion-infusion chemotherapy. Skin ulceration and dilatation of peripheral small vessels were significantly more frequent and extensive in the groups receiving occlusion-infusion. One infusion dog developed a single small ulcer on the hind paw; five of the six occlusion-infusion dogs developed multiple skin ulcers on the thigh and/or distal extremity. These findings suggest that even though intraarterial occlusion-infusion chemotherapy is not applicable in all instances, the technique does produce significantly greater drug-related effects than simple intraarterial infusion.
Animals↗
Renal cysts in pediatric autopsy material.
In a series of 6,521 consecutive autopsies of infants and children, renal cysts were found in 136 cases (2%). Of these, 71 were females and 65 males; 103 patients had died in their first month of life. The different types of cystic disease represented were as follows: renal cystic dysplasia 65, cortical cysts in syndromes of multiple malformations 42, polycystic disease 16, simple cortical cysts 7, renal cysts in hereditary syndromes 3, and renal medullary cystic disorders 3. Extrarenal malformations were encountered in 102 of the 136 cases with renal cysts. Gastrointestinal malformations and in particular esophageal atresia very often appeared to be associated with renal disease. Esophageal atresia was found in 29 (21%) cases, 20 in cases with renal cystic dysplasia and 9 in cases with cortical cysts in syndromes of multiple malformations. The possibility of renal cystic disease should therefore be kept in mind in infants with congenital malformation(s), especially those with esophageal atresia.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Henoch-Schönlein nephritis: long-term prognosis of unselected patients.
Progressive glomerulonephritis is the most serious feature of Henoch-Schönlein syndrome. In a series of 141 children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura 39 (28%) had abnormal urinary sediment for a duration of more than one month. This subgroup was followed up for 3.0 to 13.8 (mean 7.2) years. One child progressed to renal failure and 2 developed chronic glomerular disease. In this series most of the patients with Henoch-Schönlein syndrome and nephritis had a good prognosis.
Adolescent↗
Low birth weight, the "small for dates" syndrome and perinatal mortality in a low family income group.
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Birth Weight↗
Inflammatory lipid mediators and immunologic recognition in allogeneic renal transplantation.
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B-Lymphocytes↗
Alteration in starch microsphere degradation following contrast angiography in the dog kidney.
Six adult mongrel dogs received bilateral sequential renal arterial injections of degradable starch microspheres following preadministration arteriograms. Renal arterial flow was measured using electromagnetic flow probes, and microspheres were administered until flow was blocked completely. One kidney in each dog was subjected to immediate postembolization arteriography, while the contralateral kidney served as a control. In the control kidneys, arterial flow returned to 90-95% of baseline within 30 minutes of embolization, and angiography at this time revealed a normal nephrogram. Blood flow in the kidneys that received postembolization arteriography returned to only 60-65% of baseline, even when followed up to 1 hour. Angiography at this time revealed persistent defects in the nephrogram. The effect of heparin, Renografin-60, and distilled deionized water on amylase activity was evaluated in vitro. No change in enzyme activity was noted.
Angiography↗
Use of single voided urine samples to estimate quantitative proteinuria in children.
Quantitation of protein excretion in urine is used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes and also to assess the effects of therapy in children. The method in common use is to measure urinary protein in a 24-hour urine sample, which may be time consuming and is often inaccurate. The aim of this study was to determine if the urine protein/creatinine ratio in a single-void urine sample had a high correlation with the quantity of protein in a 24-hour urine specimen. We found that there was an excellent correlation between the protein content of a 24-hour urine excretion and the protein/creatinine ratios in single morning urine samples of 50 patients. We also discovered that a protein/creatinine ratio greater than 4.9 could signify "nephrotic-range" proteinuria, while a ratio less than 2.5 indicated nephritic syndrome or other renal diseases. We concluded that the determination of urinary protein/creatinine concentration ratios in a single morning urine sample under most clinical circumstances, especially in nephrotic syndrome, could replace the measurement of protein excretion in 24-hour urine specimens.
Child↗
[Relationship between serum testosterone levels and prostatic cancer].
INTRODUCTION: The association between testosterone and prostate cancer badly is understood. The testosterone levels are not conclusive to distinguish benign prostate processes of malignant. The objective of our work is to determine the relation between levels of serum testosterone and prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 38 patients with prostate cancer and a control group of 32 were studied in prospective form, with ages that fluctuated between the 50 and 80 years. The total and free testosterone was determined by radio-immunoensayo. The statistical analysis was descriptive inferential, with bands of 95% confidence. RESULTS: The average values of total and free testosterone, were significantly smaller in patients with prostate cancer. Any correlation between gleason, prostate antigen and stage with testosterone, was not demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Our work demonstrated that the testosterone is significantly smaller in the patients with prostate cancer that in the controls.
Aged↗
Severe acute thinner intoxication.
Thinner which contains aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, toluene and N-hexane is widely used in industrial plants manufacturing dyes, plastic, varnishes and glues. Chronic intoxication due to abuse of solvents, including thinner, by workers who inhale the solvent vapor is frequently encountered. Acute intoxication with ingestion of excessive amounts is relatively rare and usually fatal. It is reported that 45-50 ml of orally ingested thinner is enough to cause severe complications. The case reported here was forced to drink 200 ml of thinner by an older friend, and presented with severe complications such as rhabdomyolysis, polyneuropathy, chemical pneumonia and coma. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case reported in the literature to survive acute thinner intoxication with such complications.
Acute Disease↗
IgA nephropathy occurring in two siblings of three families.
There have been suggestions in the literature that IgA nephropathy may be familial. Genetic factors may influence the development of disease in an association between HLA antigens and IgA nephropathy. At the present time, no conclusion can be drawn. Here, two siblings with typical IgA nephropathy in three families are presented. A relation between HLA and IgA nephropathy was not detected in these family studies. The first family involved a 14-year-old girl and her brother, who at the age of 12 years were admitted to the hospital with macroscopic hematuria. All of the investigations, including serum IgA levels (104 mg/dl and 102 mg/dl respectively) showed normal kidneys with IgA deposition in the mesangium of the glomeruli. In the second family, a 15-year-old boy and his brother at nine years of age were admitted with macroscopic hematuria and gross hematuria, respectively. Laboratory investigations were normal. The serum IgA level (287 mg/dl) was normal in the first patient but the second was elevated at 485 mg/dl. IgA deposits were observed in the glomerular mesangium in these patients. The third family consisted of a 15-year-old boy and his nine-year-old sister who were both admitted with microscopic hematuria. Serum IgA levels (193 and 131 mg/dl, respectively) and laboratory investigations were normal. Renal biopsy specimens revealed C3 and IgA depositions in the glomerular mesangium of both siblings. In the first family the patients were HLA identical, while in the others the siblings were one-haplotype identical. Although IgA nephropathy and HLA antigens are strongly associated in the literature, we could not find this association.
Adolescent↗