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Biomedical subjects

S Miller

Publications and source records attributed to S Miller.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Maternal cocaine abuse and effect on the newborn.

Cocaine has been increasingly available to a wider population of potential users in the United States. Information concerning possible effects of this agent on the fetus and newborn is lacking. We observed eight infants whose mother's gave a history of cocaine abuse and, in whom, results of a urine screen for cocaine were positive. We observed no evident symptomatology or signs of teratogenicity on these infants. Although this is encouraging, more studies, including Brazelton assessment, and long-term follow-up of infants born to cocaine-abusing mothers is necessary.

Cocaine↗
PubMed1985

Maternal weight and pregnancy complications.

The effect of obesity alone was investigated among 16,858 women who were delivered of their infants within a 12-month period. Complete analysis was possible for 9667 patients who were divided into four weight categories and separated into two groups, with and without complications. Perinatal mortality, infant size, and the primary cesarean delivery rate were calculated for each group. Among 2597 women with antenatal complications, there was a significant increase in perinatal mortality (p less than 0.001), primary cesarean delivery (p less than 0.02), and mean infant birth weight (p less than 0.01) in the obese and the morbidly obese gravid women. Among 7070 women without antenatal complications there was a significant increase in primary cesarean delivery (p less than 0.001) and mean infant birth weight (p less than 0.01) but not perinatal mortality in the obese and the morbidly obese gravid women. Obesity alone does not appear to affect the perinatal mortality rate but it increases the likelihood of cesarean delivery in the morbidly obese patient.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of lipids by gas-liquid chromatography and complementary methods in four strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Fatty acid composition of total lipids, neutral lipids and phospholipids of strains of Aedes aegypti were determined. The fatty acid composition of the strains differed quantitatively with regard to the relative percentage of commonly occurring fatty acids. Gas-liquid chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters showed 18:1 (oleic or elaidic) to be the predominant fatty acid. The fatty acid was identified as oleic by argentation thin-layer chromatography. A modified colorimetric method was used to determine tissue-free fatty acids. The lipids were predominantly triacylglycerol with lesser amounts of free fatty acids and decreasing amount of sterol ester, sterol, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and hydrocarbons. The data show considerable lipid differences between the Caribbean strains (Les Cayes, Haiti, and San Juan, Puerto Rico) and the Jakarta (Indonesia) strain. The Shimba Hills (Kenya) strain was more similar to Jakarta than to the Caribbean strains. The results obtained with the different strains are discussed in relation to the established oral susceptibility to Dengue 1 and Dengue 2, yellow fever, and genetic analysis by isoenzyme studies.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Scintigraphic differentiation of bone infarction from osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease.

Bone scans or bone marrow scans or both were obtained during 42 episodes of bone pain in 40 children with sickle cell disease, and the usefulness of these procedures was compared. On the basis of the subsequent clinical course, a diagnosis of bone infarction was made in 34 episodes, and osteomyelitis in eight. Among 22 patients with bone infarction, uptake on bone scan was increased in 14, decreased in three, and normal in five. Seven of eight patients with osteomyelitis had increased uptake on bone scan; one had normal uptake. In contrast, marrow scan uptake was markedly decreased in 15 of 16 patients with bone infarction, and was normal in five of five patients with osteomyelitis. Thus, decreased uptake on bone marrow scan in a patient with sickle cell disease and bone pain almost invariably indicates infarction, whereas normal uptake strongly suggests the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. We found marrow scans more useful than bone scans for this differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of durapatite ceramic as an alloplastic implant in periodontal osseous defects. II. Twelve month reentry results.

Thirteen patients received Durapatite, a hydroxylapatite ceramic (Periograf), as a bone implant material in various types of intrabony defects following internally beveled full thickness flaps, root planing, and defect debridement. All osseous margins and defects were measured from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) at specific locations using a standardized periodontal probe. Similarly debrided, nonimplanted defects served as controls. Defect selection as either experimental or control site was based on an alternating defects design after local therapy was completed. Periodontal dressing and systemic tetracycline were used for 10 days. Postsurgical visits for documentation and plaque control were at 10, 20 and 30 days, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Measurements relating to defect changes were made at the 12-month surgical reentry. For evaluation purposes original defect depths were divided into three groups. In Group I (less than 3 mm) defect fill was 1.0 mm (47%) for the implanted defects and 0.3 mm (33%) for the control sites (significantly different at P less than 0.05). In Group II (3-6 mm) defect fill of 1.7 mm (44%) for implanted sites was significantly better (P less than 0.05) than the 0.8 mm (29%) found in control sites. In the deepest group (Group III, greater than 6 mm) Durapatite placement yielded 2.1 mm (32%) of defect fill while debridement alone resulted in 1.8 mm (26%) of fill (P greater than 0.05). Hard tissue responses demonstrated a substantial advantage for use of Durapatite over controls, while soft tissue changes were similar for both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Magnetic resonance imaging of the interatrial septum and atrial septal defects.

Magnetic resonance images were obtained in six patients with known or suspected interatrial septal defects (ASD) and 33 subjects without congenital heart disease. Image planes were oriented to the long and short axes of the left ventricle and septum and provided reproducible display of pertinent anatomic landmarks. Of the images in 33 control subjects, three (9%) were falsely positive showing apparent ASD. ASDs were correctly identified and localized in all six patients (five secundum, one primum). Long-axis views provided excellent display of the location and diameter of defects. All were confirmed at cardiac catheterization and four at surgery with good agreement in measurement of defect size and location. All showed signs of right-sided volume overload. Five had previous echocardiography, which showed definite or suspected ASD in four.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Home care project survey data. Part I.

This article describes data on home care record documentation and management practices, collected through AMRA's W.K. Kellogg Foundation-funded home care project. Part One, which follows, depicts the documentation practices of those home health agencies providing skilled/intermittent home care (Medicare home care model). Part Two, in next month's. JAMRA, will present survey data relating to record management, quality assurance, release of information, and the use of computers in home health agencies.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1985

Home care project survey data. Part II.

This article, the second in a two-part series, presents home care survey data collected through AMRA's home care project, which is funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Data presented here depict the record-related management practices of home health agencies providing skilled/intermittent home care (Medicare home care model).

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1985

Safety measures associated with the use of organophosphate insecticides in the Haitian malaria control programme.

A programme emphasizing intensive training, use of protective equipment and uniforms, daily supervision of safety measures at work, and weekly monitoring of blood cholinesterase levels by the tintometric method was instituted to prevent toxicity in Haitian malaria workers during spraying with the organophosphate insecticides fenitrothion and malathion. The programme functioned well, depressed cholinesterase activity (</= 50% of normal) being detected rapidly prior to the development of serious symptoms. Evidence of fenitrothion overexposure appeared in spraymen early in the first spray cycle, and was associated with faulty protective clothing and a failure to observe strictly the recommended safety measures at work. After these deficiencies were corrected, insecticide application continued without serious incidents or interruption of the programme. No serious reduction of cholinesterase activity was seen in a more limited study of spraymen using malathion. It is strongly recommended that similar training and monitoring programmes should be instituted whenever organophosphate pesticides are used as residual sprays for malaria control. This is particularly important in areas where the more toxic compound, fenitrothion, is to be used.

Cholinesterases↗
PubMed1985

Macrosomia--maternal characteristics and infant complications.

Using a 1982 to 1983 regional network data bank of 33,545 delivered infants, a study was conducted comparing 574 macrosomic infants weighing greater than 4500 g to a control group of 18,739 infants whose birth weights were 2500 to 3499 g. Macrosomic infants occurred in 1.7% of the deliveries. Women delivering macrosomic infants were significantly older, of higher parity, more obese (greater than 90 kg), and more frequently diabetic and postmature (longer than 42 weeks) than the controls. The women having macrosomic infants had a higher frequency of cesarean deliveries. The macrosomic infants were more often male and had more birth trauma and shoulder dystocia, higher death rates, and lower Apgar scores. Five-minute Apgar scores were lowest in the very macrosomic subgroup (greater than 5000 g). The high-risk group triad included obesity, diabetes, and post-dates and had a macrosomia frequency of 5 to 14%. Macrosomic infants delivered by cesarean section had significantly fewer birth injuries. Because of these serious perinatal problems, women at risk should be screened for macrosomic infants, and if found, they should be delivered electively by cesarean section.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Carburetor priming: a cause of gasoline burn.

Burns as a result of priming carburetors with gasoline resulted in 4% of all burn admissions to the Oregon Burn Center from 1980-1982. The burns most frequently involved the head and neck and upper extremities. Although most of them involved less than 10% of the total body surface area, half of all the injuries included areas of full-thickness tissue loss. This type of preventable accident inflicts substantial morbidity and may be a major financial burden. Professional and public awareness of the risk of serious gasoline burns incurred during carburetor priming should decrease its incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cutaneous calciphylactic reactions in the mouse and the rat and the effects of diphosphonates on the reaction in the rat.

Calciphylaxis is a local tissue calcific reaction at the site of an injection of challenger substance given a critical time period after the oral administration of a sensitizer substance such as dihydrotachysterol (DHT), vitamin D or parathormone. Cutaneous calciphylaxis is readily induced in the rat but not in the mouse and this may be because, in the latter, the challenger substance is absorbed rapidly by macrophages. In the rat the administration of 500 micrograms/0.1 ml of DHT followed after 24 h by the subcutaneous (SC) injection of ferric chloride (FeCl3) (30 micrograms/0.1 ml) is followed rapidly by calcification of the SC site. There is an early transient acute inflammatory reaction with the incrustation of collagen fibres by the iron salt and an apparent exudation of calcium and phosphate ions from the bloodstream. These ions also become associated with collagen fibres. Two days after injection macrophages and multinucleated giant cells become the dominant cells. Calciphylaxis is a useful experimental model of ectopic calcification and is associated with an initial hypercalcaemia. The diphosphonates ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) are effective inhibitors of the calciphylactic reaction when administered prior to the initiation of the experimental procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effects of intravenous ZK36-374, a stable prostacyclin analogue, on normal volunteers.

Prostacyclin (PGI2) therapy has been evaluated in many vascular diseases. However, it is unstable and a potent vasodilator, able to lower blood pressure. Although such effects may be desirable in some situations, they are unwanted in others. ZK36-374 (Schering AG) is a carbacyclin derivative with a similar action to PGI2; however, it is chemically stable and has less of a hypotensive action. We evaluated the effects of a 4-hour I.V. infusion of ZK36-374 at a maximum dose of 2ng/Kg/min. in ten normal volunteers. Prior to the infusion and at 2 and 4 hours, blood was sampled for estimation of platelet aggregation in both platelet rich plasma and whole blood. Beta-thromboglobulin, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were measured by radioimmunoassay, as were other coagulation and rheological tests. The infusion was well tolerated with facial flushing, jaw trismus and some nausea at max dose. Blood pressure and pulse rate were not significantly altered. During infusion of ZK36-374, the rates of platelet aggregation to 2 microns ADP and 2 micrograms collagen in PRP were significantly decreased when compared to baseline, as was whole blood aggregation to 2 microns ADP and 0.5 microgram collagen. Beta TG also fell significantly, as did the levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2. Fibrinolysis, blood viscosity, and red cell deformability were unchanged. ZK36-374 is an effective anti-platelet agent without major toxic or hypotensive effects.

Adult↗