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Biomedical subjects

S Michalas

Publications and source records attributed to S Michalas.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Preovulatory effects of the progesterone antagonist mifepristone (RU486) in mice.

The progesterone antagonist mifepristone (RU486), was given in mice once on different days of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin-human chorionic gonadotrophin (PMSG-HCG) treatment and its action upon the induction of ovulation studied. RU486 administered on the day after PMSG significantly reduced the ovulation rate. Ovulation was completely inhibited when the progesterone antagonist was given simultaneously with HCG, but RU486 administered 4 h after HCG treatment remained ineffective. The development of two-cell zygotes harvested on day 2 post-coitum from mice treated with RU486 on the day after the PMSG treatment was followed in vitro and showed a significant decrease in the number of embryos developing to blastocysts. These results favour the involvement of progesterone in the ovulation process, indicating a direct effect of this hormone at the ovarian level via a progesterone receptor-mediated action.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Outcome of ovarian response after suppression with a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist in different chronological periods prior to gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) are currently used in combination with gonadotropins in ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization programs (IVF). The present study aims at evaluating the treatment cycles for IVF for which human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) was initiated only when pituitary desensitization was confirmed regardless of the time of GnRH-a administration. Two groups of patients were examined. Patients in group A (n = 46) were commenced with HMG treatment on day 15 when E2 level was less than 40 pg/ml. Group B patients (n = 27) comprised the cycle treatments in which E2 levels were greater than 40 pg/ml on day 15. In these cases HMG was first given when E2 levels declined to less than 40 pg/ml. The fertilization rate was similar in both A and B groups, 71.6 and 67.7% respectively. The pregnancy rate per transfer was 27.5 and 34.6% in group A and B respectively. Multiple pregnancies were found at 18.1% in group A versus 44.4% in group B. It is concluded that postponement of HMG administration in patients with high levels of E2 on day 15 after GnRH-a administration seems to offer an improvement in embryo cleavage speed, pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Predictive values of CA 125 antigen levels and CT scan in second-look procedures for ovarian cancer.

23 patients with ovarian cancer were investigated 10 days after their last regimen of chemotherapy by CT scan and CA 125 in comparison with 'second-look' findings. In 17 out of 23 cases the CT scan results correlated with the operative ones. There were 6 false-negative findings but no false-positives. In all cases serum CA 125 levels correlated with the second-look operation. Our data suggest that the upper limit of CA 125, especially for patients, with negative findings, is less than or equal to 20 U/ml which is much lower than that of 35 U/ml, which is generally accepted. They also indicate the value of CA 125 in the detection of persistent ovarian cancer and the value of the CT scan in the detection of liver metastases. According to the above findings we question the value of the second-look operation in certain cases of ovarian cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of RIS with the 131I-OC 125 F(ab')2 Mab and CT scan prior to second look operation for ovarian cancer.

A tumour-associated radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (Mab) 131I-OC 125 F(ab')2 was used to investigate 27 patients 2 weeks after their last chemotherapy regimen and prior to second-look surgery for ovarian cancer. We did compare the radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) findings with the CT scan results and the second-look operation data. In 23 out of 27 cases the RIS results correlated with the operation findings, while there were four false-negative results. Computed tomography (CT) scans correlated in 17 out of 23 cases with the operative findings, while there were six false-negative results. We concluded that RIS is more specific in detecting the tumour site within the pelvis, while CT scan is superior in detecting liver metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The validity of gynecological ultrasonography.

The present study was undertaken to examine the reliability of the sonographic diagnosis in 705 gynecological patients. The determination of the lesions was defined according to the operative diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the ultrasound technique were evaluated using the surgical findings as 'gold standard'. In 631 patients (89.5%) the ultrasound examination established a correct diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound examination varied between 75-95.3% and 93.3-100%, respectively. The positive predictive value was found between 89.7 and 100%, while the false sonographic results were 10.4%, which included those of ectopic pregnancies. It is thus concluded that ultrasonography as compared to the surgical findings has proved to be of great value in establishing a gynecological diagnosis.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Pregnancy and delivery in Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

This is the first reported case of a woman suffering from the Bernard-Soulier syndrome who terminated pregnancy and gave birth normally to a healthy child. Although a great number of platelet and fresh blood units were transfused before and after delivery, a hysterectomy was performed the next day as the only solution to stop persisting gross hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cefuroxime prophylaxis in caesarean section.

A double-blind, randomized prospective study was carried out in 96 women in labour requiring caesarean section to assess the value of antibiotic prophylaxis with cefuroxime compared with placebo. Forty-six patients received 750 mg cefuroxime intravenously before and every 8 hours for the first 72-hours post-operatively; the other 50 women received placebo injections. A significant decrease in post-operative morbidity was observed in the drug-treated group, there were far fewer endometrial, urinary and pulmonary injections, and those who received prophylactic cefuroxime had less days of hospitalization than the placebo-treated group. No serious side-effects were observed.

Cefuroxime↗
PubMed1980

Local therapy of atrophic vaginal conditions with oestriol suppositories.

Twenty post-menopausal women were treated using oestriol vaginal suppositories (Ortho-Gynest). Subjective disturbances such as dyspareunia, pruritus, and kraurosis vulvae showed a good response to the therapy, while the anaplastic activity of the vaginal epithelium to the suppositories was shown by an increase in the vaginal superficial cells which followed the course of treatment. Side-effects were minimal and disappeared following cessation of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Toxoplasma antibodies and spontaneous abortion.

One hundred and fifty-two women with spontaneous abortion were investigated by hemagglutination (HA) and immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) tests for toxoplasmosis. In 48 cases, quantitive immunoglobulin (Ig) studies and mouse inoculation with gestational material were performed. Positive toxoplasma antibody titers were observed in 62 cases (40.8%) using HA and in 52 cases (38.2%) using IFA. This prevalence was significantly higher than that observed in 80 normal women who served as controls. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated in two cases. No correlation was found between antibody titers and IgG, IgM or IgA levels. We conclude that toxoplasmosis should be considered as the cause of abortion when a patient's antibody titer exceeds 1:256.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1976

[Management of cervical incompetence with cerclage according to Shirodkar. A report on 110 cases].

The authors report a 110 cervical cerclage operations for cervical incompetence. Shirodkar's technique was used and cerclage was carried out between the 9th and 20th week of amenorrhea. Out of 110 patients submitted to the procedure, 98 gave birth to a live infant weighing more than 1000 g which amounts to a success rate of 89%. Duration of pregnancy ranged between 26 and 41 weeks. If only pregnancies having proceeded to 37 weeks of amenorrhea are considered, the success rate amounts to 68%.

Adolescent↗