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Biomedical subjects

S Mehta

Publications and source records attributed to S Mehta.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Release of 19-nor-testosterone type of contraceptive steroids through different drug delivery systems into serum and breast milk of lactating women.

The release of contraceptive steroids through different drug delivery systems into serum and breast milk was investigated in a group of lactating women. Four women in each group were taking either a low dosage progestogen compound like norethisterone (NET) 350 micrograms or d-norgestrel (d-Ng) 50 micrograms alone or low dosage combination pills containing NET 1 mg or d-Ng 150 micrograms with 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE2) or a biodegradable implant containing 25 mg NET or d-Ng. Peak levels in plasma and milk were seen in oral contraceptive users around 2 hours. Of the two low dosage progestogen compounds, d-Ng was below the detection limit in milk within 4 hours whereas NET was still detectable at the 24-hour interval. In contrast to this, because of the larger quantity of steroids in the combination pills, the NET/d-Ng levels in serum as well as in milk were high throughout the 24-hour period. With the subdermal route because of the sustained low release of the drug from the biodegradable implants, the levels in milk were below the detection limit within a day with d-Ng and within a week with NET.

Drug Implants↗
PubMed1980

Advantages of low dose steroid from the day after renal transplantation.

We have used a low dose of steroid (20 mg of prednisolone), commencing the day after transplantation, for 151 consecutive renal transplants in 141 patients. Five patients received grafts from living related donors, 146 received cadaver grafts. All patients received azathioprine for routine immunosuppression and the first 47 received a single dose of actinomycin C i.v. for treatment of rejection. No other immunosuppressive drugs were used. This treatment provided satisfactory immunosuppression as 109 of 151 grafts continue to function for periods of 3 months to 10 years and, of 42 grafts lost, only 17 failed from rejection. The cumulative survival of first cadaver grafts at 1 and 2 years in recipients of all ages (7 to 55 years) was 77.9 and 76.0%, respectively; in recipients 15 to 34 years old, 90.9 and 86.1%, respectively. Twenty-three patients died, no patient died from infection during the admission for transplantation, and infection played a part in the deaths of only four patients. The incidence of other complications was low; seven patients developed gastrointestinal complications, one died, four patients developed diabetes, all survived; only one patient developed avascular necrosis of bone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Metabolism of sulfadiazine in children with protein calorie malnutrition.

6 children with protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) and 5 control children received a single dose of sulfadiazine (25 mg/kg body weight). Absorption rate constant in the control group was 0.735 +/- 0.058 h-1 and in PCM 0.519 +/- 0.03 h-1. Peak blood levels of the drug were similar in both groups. However, the time to reach the peak was shorter in the control than in the PCM group. Elimination rate constant and half life of the drug were 0.0233 +/- 0.0026 h-1 and 31.78 +/- 3.82 h, respectively, in the PCM group and 0.0332 +/- 0.0022 h-1 and 21.27 +/- 1.51 h, respectively, in the control group. These values differ significantly from each other. The area under the blood concentration-time curve was more than double in the PCM group as compared to the control group. Urinary excretion of the drug in 48 h was significantly more in control (19.3 +/- 1.4 mg/kg body weight) in comparison to the PCM group (13.6 +/- 1.7 mg/kg body weight). However, the free drug concentration in urine/kg body weight was not altered in the PCM group. There was a significant decrease in quantity of acetylated drug in the PCM group as compared to the controls. In view of these observations, therapy with sulfadiazine in children suffering from PCM requires reconsideration.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1980

Energy metabolism of the brain in malnutrition. An experimental study in young rhesus monkeys.

An experimental model of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) has been successfully produced in young rhesus monkeys. The model showed close resemblance to the energy kinetics of the brain as observed in human PCM inasmuch as oxygen consumption was decreased while glucose uptake was increased. The cerebral blood flow was also diminished. The observations suggest that a significant part of glucose is perhaps diverted to long-chain fatty acids, etc.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Kinetics of intravenous mezlocillin in chronic hemodialysis patients.

The kinetics of intravenous mezlocillin was studied in 8 patients with creatinine clearances under 7 ml/min who were undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Kinetic parameters were determined using a 2-compartment linear model. The mezlocillin serum half-life (t 1/2) in these patients ranged from 2.9 to 7.8 hr (mean, 5.4). The t 1/2 decreased to 1.57 +/- 0.09 hr during dialysis. Approximately 18% of the dose was recovered in the dialysate in 4 hr of dialysis. There was a 30% reduction per hour in serum concentration. The kinetics of mezlocillin, due to removal by nonrenal mechanisms, more closely resemble the kinetics of penicillin G and ampicillin than of carbenicillin and ticarcillin. A dosage schedule for use of intravenous mezlocillin in patients undergoing hemodialysis is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Constrictive pericarditis after myocardial revascularization: report of three cases.

Although postoperative constrictive pericarditis is rare, the diagnosis should be considered when unexplained right-sided heart failure develops after cardiac surgery. Within a 6 week interval, evidence of constrictive pericarditis developed in three patients who had recently undergone myocardial revascularization. One patient presented with biventricular failure, pericardial effusion and suspected tamponade. Severe constrictive pericarditis was demonstrated at subsequent operation. An apparent postpericardiotomy syndrome preceded evidence of right heart failure in the other two patients. Etiologic considerations include the possibility that pericardial irrigation with povidone-iodine (Betadine) solution may have contributed to subsequent fibrosis.

Cardiac Catheterization↗