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Biomedical subjects

S Mayne

Publications and source records attributed to S Mayne.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Pilot-testing a cancer education curriculum for grades K-6.

Risk behaviors established during childhood including tobacco use, sunning, and eating habits contribute to most adult cancers. This project pilot-tested a developmentally appropriate cancer prevention curriculum for grades K-6, using a treatment group only design with pretesting and posttesting using a standardized, semistructured interview and involving 67 students (77% of eligible students) attending mixed grade classes. A seven-unit curriculum based on cognitive development, social cognitive, and social influence theories was taught by classroom teachers. Students showed a significant (p < .0001) gain in conceptual understanding for causality and prevention of cancer; the gain for causality of cancer was comparable to the baseline difference between kindergarten and the highest (5-6) grade. Significant gains in factual knowledge and decreases in misconceptions about casual contact also were documented. A developmentally based elementary school cancer prevention curriculum can enhance young children's conceptual understanding and factual knowledge of common contributors to adult cancers.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in patients with oral leukoplakia: results of a multicenter prospective trial.

BACKGROUND: Beta-Carotene has been reported to produce regressions in patients with oral leukoplakia, a premalignant lesion. However, previous studies have all been of short duration, with clinical response as the end point. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the duration of response and the need for maintenance therapy in subjects who respond to beta-carotene. METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects were given beta-carotene, 60 mg/d, for 6 months. At 6 months, responders were randomized to continue beta-carotene or placebo therapy for 12 additional months. RESULTS: Fifty-four subjects were enrolled in the trial, with 50 being evaluable. At 6 months, 26 subjects (52%) had a clinical response. Twenty-three of the 26 responders completed the second, randomized phase. Only 2 (18%) of 11 in the beta-carotene arm and 2 (17%) of 12 in the placebo arm relapsed. Baseline biopsies were performed in all patients, with dysplasia being present in 19 (38%) of the 50 evaluable patients. A second biopsy was obtained at 6 months in 23 subjects who consented to this procedure. There was improvement of at least 1 grade of dysplasia in 9 (39%), with no change in 14 (61%). Nutritional intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. There was no change in carotenoid intake during the trial. Responders had a lower intake of dietary fiber, fruits, folate, and vitamin E supplements than did nonresponders. Beta-carotene levels were measured in plasma and oral cavity cells. Marked increases occurred during the 6-month induction. However, baseline levels were not restored in subjects taking placebo for 6 to 9 months after discontinuation of beta-carotene therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The activity of beta-carotene in patients with oral leukoplakia was confirmed. The responses produced were durable for 1 year.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The M1 Kegworth aircraft disaster: experience in three hospital blood transfusion laboratories and the regional transfusion centre.

Eighty-eight survivors of an aircraft accident on the M1 motorway were taken to three major hospitals, two of which were teaching hospitals, in the immediate vicinity. We describe the effects of this on the three blood transfusion and haematology laboratories concerned and on the regional transfusion centre, describe how the work was processed, and list the lessons learnt.

Accidents, Aviation↗