Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Matsuno

Publications and source records attributed to S Matsuno.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Validity of the Karnofsky Performance Status in an HIV-infected sample.

The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) is the most widely used health status measure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicine and research. Because there are limited data on KPS metric properties in this setting, we present evidence of the construct validity of the KPS in a sample of HIV-infected persons using data from the AIDS Time-Oriented Health Outcome Study (ATHOS). The sample consisted of 160 primarily white, homosexual/bisexual men with a mean age of 45 years and a mean KPS score of 82 (range, 40-100). Ninety percent were classified in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) clinical category B or C. Pearson's product-moment correlations were strong between the KPS and measures of global health status, physical disability, numbers of symptoms, CDC clinical category, social function, days off work, and energy/fatigue (r = 0.39-0.52, p < 0.0001). Correlations with measures of mental health and cognition were less impressive but statistically significant. Analysis of variance followed by Student Newman-Keuls test showed significant differences among three KPS groupings for global health status but not for physical disability. Regression analysis indicated three significant variables accounting for KPS variance: visual analogue global health status (27%), days off work (10%), and energy/fatigue (1.7%). We conclude that the upper range of the KPS reflects global health status better than physical performance and much better than psychosocial constructs, in persons with HIV infection. Further research examining the ability of the KPS to detect clinically significant change over time is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Deletion mapping in squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus defines a region containing a tumor suppressor gene within a 4-centimorgan interval of the distal long arm of chromosome 9.

Recent studies in our laboratory indicated that inactivation of a putative tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9q is likely to be associated with an early step of esophageal carcinogenesis. To further define a region containing the putative tumor suppressor gene, we have examined loss of heterozygosity in 37 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas using 14 microsatellite markers mapped to 9q31-q34.1. Loss of heterozygosity was observed in 30 (81%) of 37 tumors at one or more of the loci examined, and partial or interstitial deletions at 9q31-q34.1 were detected in 13 of these tumors. On the basis of these results, we constructed a detailed deletion map and defined a commonly deleted region between the D9S262 and D9S154 loci at 9q31-q32. The genetic distance between these two loci is estimated to be approximately 4 cM.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

The time of occurrence of liver metastasis in carcinoma of the pancreas.

By measuring the doubling time of liver metastasis, the authors investigated the possibility of occult liver metastasis at the time of pancreatectomy in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. We calculated tumor doubling times of liver metastases in six patients after pancreatectomy for periampullary carcinoma and compared with cell doubling times. We also calculated the diameters of the occult liver metastases at the time of pancreatectomy on the assumption that the growth rates of liver metastasis were constant. Tumor doubling times of liver metastases in six patients were 34, 32, 318, 108, 78, and 27 d, respectively. In two of these patients, tumor doubling times, compared with cell doubling times of 51 and 52 h for PK-36 and PK-59 established from the same patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, were about 15 times as long as those of cultured cell lines. The calculated sizes of the occult liver metastases at the time of pancreatectomy in these six patients were 2.4, 0.14, 19.0, 8.2, 3.5, and 4.2 mm. In five of these six patients, the calculated sizes were in the range between 10 microns and 1 cm. These results indicated occult liver metastases had already existed in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas at the time of pancreatectomy and were too small to be detected by imaging technique. We cannot improve survival rates in carcinoma of the pancreas by surgical management alone. For further improvement in survival rate of patients with carcinoma of the pancreas to occur, effective adjuvant therapies to prevent liver metastases must complement surgical management.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Clinical significance of reverse redistribution phenomenon after coronary artery bypass grafting.

The reverse redistribution (RR) phenomenon is a decrease in thallium 201 uptake during redistribution compared with 201Tl uptake immediately after exercise. We evaluated RR in 23 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperative RR was present in 48% and was significantly more common in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (62%). The patients were classified according to the presence (+) or absence (-) of RR. An analysis of left ventricular wall motion showed significant improvement after coronary artery bypass grafting in the RR+ group (n = 12) but not in the RR- group (n = 11). Quantitative myocardial viability was evaluated using the defect volume ratio, mean defect severity, and defect severity index. The preoperative defect volume ratio was higher in the RR+ group than in the RR- group (p < 0.05). In the RR- group, no improvement in these indices was observed after operation. In contrast, the RR+ group showed significant improvement in all three indices (p < 0.05). These results indicate that after coronary artery bypass grafting, an adequate blood supply to the remaining myocardium may induce RR. This phenomenon, therefore, may be a significant indicator of postoperative myocardial viability.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Intragastric capsaicin stimulates colonic motility via a neural reflex in conscious dogs.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Capsaicin is known to contract smooth muscles and to have an excitatory action on thin, primary afferent neurons. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intragastric capsaicin may have an excitatory effect on colonic motility. METHODS: Mongrel dogs equipped with five strain-gauge force transducers on the colon (C1-C5) were used. In 5 dogs, the effect of intragastric capsaicin (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/kg) on colonic motility in the presence or absence of the cholinergic blockers atropine and hexamethonium was studied. In 4 dogs, the effect of capsaicin (0.5 mg/kg) administration into a vagally innervated or denervated gastric pouch on colonic motility was investigated. RESULTS: Motility at C2-C3, C1-C3, and C1-C5 was significantly increased by 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/kg of capsaicin, respectively. The excitatory effect of capsaicin on colonic motility was inhibited by atropine and hexamethonium. Colonic motility at C1-C4 was significantly increased by capsaicin administration into a vagally innervated pouch but was not affected by capsaicin administration into a vagally denervated pouch. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that intragastric capsaicin predominantly stimulates motility in the proximal half of the colon through neural pathways, probably through a vagovagal reflex, but sympathetic involvement cannot be excluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The role of angiogenesis in the tumor growth of Syrian hamster pancreatic cancer cell line HPD-NR.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: New therapeutic approach is required for pancreatic cancer, one of the most intractable malignancies. The role of angiogenesis in the tumor growth of a Syrian hamster pancreatic cancer cell line HPD-NR, which closely resembles its human counterpart, was investigated. METHODS: Angiogenic activity was measured as stimulation of growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and angiogenic factors produced by HPD-NR cells were identified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis. Then in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol (AGM-1470), were examined. RESULTS: The conditioned medium of HPD-NR cells stimulated the growth of HUVEC, and four hamster angiogenic factors were detected with an overexpression of transforming growth factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNAs. AGM-1470 specifically inhibited the growth of HUVEC and that of HPD-NR tumors in vivo with decreased vascularity of the tumors but not the growth of HPD-NR cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth of HPD-NR cells and can be a new target of medical therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cell adhesion molecule expression by vascular endothelial cells as an immune/inflammatory reaction in human colon carcinoma.

The cell adhesion of inflammatory cells to vascular endothelial cells is an important process in the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site. In cancer tissue, infiltration of inflammatory cells has been suggested to be a mechanism of host resistance. To clarify this infiltration mechanism, we investigated cell adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin, P-selectin, and ICAM-1) in vascular endothelial cells by immunohistochemistry in colon carcinoma. Venules distributed along the invasive margin expressed E- and P-selectins and ICAM-1. These phenotypical features are identical to those of endothelial cells observed in active inflammatory lesions, and the vessels can, therefore, be designated as immunologically activated vessels. Nevertheless, the majority of blood vessels within the tumor lacked immunoreactivity for all these adhesion molecules and, therefore, could be designated as immunologically inactive vessels. Granulocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages, bearing the counter-receptors of these adhesion molecules, were more densely distributed along the invasive margin. In contrast, few inflammatory cells were present within the tumor. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the phenotypical heterogeneity of tumor vessels; those for inflammatory cell infiltration to the tumor and those for the nutrient supply to the tumor.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of false negative rates among breast cancer screening modalities with or without mammography: Miyagi trial.

False negative rates were compared in two screening modalities, physical examination with or without mammography, in an intervention study for women aged over 50 in Miyagi Prefecture. Thirty-five breast cancers were detected in 12,515 subjects who participated in the trial consisting of physical examination and mammography, whereas 44 breast cancers were detected in 50,105 subjects who received physical examination alone, so that the detection rates were 0.28% and 0.09%, respectively. Among 50,061 subjects who received physical examination alone, 8 women were diagnosed as having breast cancer within 12 months after the screening, while only one of 12,480 screenees receiving the combined modality was so diagnosed, implying false negative rates of 15.4% and 2.8%, respectively. When the screening sensitivity in the combined system was analyzed according to each single modality, the false negative rate provided by physical examination with mammography turned out to be 2.8%, significantly lower than that (33.3%) by the physical examination alone. Minimal breast cancers represented 25.7% of all screen-detected cancers in the combined modality, compared with 9.1% in the modality without mammography. The trial thus indicates that physical examination combined with mammography may be an appropriate modality for breast cancer screening in women aged over 50 on the basis of screening sensitivity.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by macrophages in human gastrointestinal carcinoma: possible roles as host immune/inflammatory reaction.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are one of the factors which modulate the carcinoma progression. The present study described immunohistochemical expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in stromal cells in human gastrointestinal carcinoma identifying the cell types by immunoelectron microscopy. In colon and gastric carcinomas, ICAM-1-positive cells were mostly stromal cells, and major cell types were identified as macrophages and fibroblasts by immunoelectron microscopy. Macrophages were characterized by their ovoid shape, cytoplasmic projections, abundant vacuoles, phagocytosis, and paucity of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Fibroblasts contained stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Macrophages were major cells among ICAM-1-positive cells along the invasive margin, while fibroblasts were predominant in the stroma within carcinoma in colon and intestinal-type gastric carcinomas. Lymphocytes positive for lymphocyte function associated antigen (LFA-1), a counter-receptor of ICAM-1, were densely distributed along the invasive margin, and sparsely in the stroma within carcinoma. In diffuse-type gastric carcinoma, most macrophages were dendritic-shaped and negative for ICAM-1. Our study suggests that the invasive margin is an area similar to active inflammation, where the antigen presenting cells (macrophages) and lymphocytes may interact via the ICAM-1/LFA-1 adhesion.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Gastric emptying of semi-solid meal in normal man with special reference to relationship between plasma acetoaminophen concentrations and gastric emptying time].

Correlation between gastric emptying time measured by a radioisotope method and plasma acetoaminophen level was studied in 11 preoperative early gastric cancer in semisolid meal. A significant correlation was found between both gastric emptying half-time and plasma acetoaminophen level at 30, 45 minutes after ingestion of meal, and plasma acetoaminophen level at maximum. We conclude that acetoaminophen analysis is useful to measure gastric emptying at semisolid meal.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1995

Targeting chemotherapy using antibody-combined liposome against human pancreatic cancer cell-line.

Anti-tumor effect of Adriamycin (ADM)-encapsulated and CA19-9 antibody-conjugated artificial lipid membrane follicle liposomes against a human pancreatic cancer cell-line PK-1 was studied in vitro and in vivo. The liposome compound (lipo c ADM = Ab) showed a stronger cell damage than ADM-encapsulated liposome (lipo c ADM) and free ADM, especially when the contact time was short and the concentration was low. The intra-tumor concentration of ADM in the group of i.v. injection of lipo c ADM = Ab showed the highest value, over twice those of lipo c ADM and free ADM after 120 hr. Lipo c ADM = Ab showed a significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth inhibition test in vivo, and the final tumor weight at the 19th day was 27% in the group of lipo c ADM = Ab and 52% in the group of free ADM as compared with the control. The targeting chemotherapy using liposomes was demonstrated to have a stronger anti-tumor effect than the administration of anti-cancer drug alone owing to enhanced tumor accessibility and good targeting.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Gastric mucosal phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide increases during cold water-immersion restraint stress in rats.

To know the role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions, we performed the present study. Both gastric mucosal lesions and gastric mucosal phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PCOOH) levels during cold water-immersion restraint (CWIR) stress were measured by the chemiluminecence-HPLC method in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ulcer indices increased time-dependently during the stress. Gastric mucosal PCOOH levels also significantly increased and reached a peak level (250% of untreated level) after 2 hr of stress. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions induced CWIR stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of motilin on colonic motor activity in the interdigestive state in conscious dogs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of motilin at various doses on colonic motility in the interdigestive state. Colonic motility was investigated in five dogs equipped with strain gauge force transducers on the gastric antrum, and on the proximal, middle, and distal colon. Exogenously infused motilin (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 micrograms/kg-hr) dose-dependently increased colonic motility, but the doses of motilin that significantly enhanced colonic motility were 1.0 and 2.0 micrograms/kg-hr in all areas of the colon. Motilin at 0.2 microgram/kg-hr increased the plasma motilin concentration to almost equal to the physiological peak values. The excitatory effect of motilin (2.0 microgram/kg-hr) was abolished by atropine but was not affected by hexamethonium. These results indicate that exogenously infused motilin, which increased plasma motilin concentration to above the physiological peak level, stimulated colonic motility by affecting postsynaptic cholinergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Hepatocyte growth factor and Met receptor expression in human pancreatic carcinogenesis.

We have used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Met/HGF receptor expression in ductal lesions of 46 human pancreata. Normal duct epithelium shows no significant immunoreactivity for either HGF or Met. Strong immunostaining for HGF was respectively demonstrated in hyperplastic and severely dysplastic epithelia in 35.5 and 40% of cases with such duct lesions, whereas 37% of ductal adenocarcinoma showed diffuse HGF immunostaining. Positive Met immunostaining was demonstrated in 58, 80, and 78%, respectively, of specimens demonstrating the above duct lesions. Patients with resectable ductal adenocarcinoma demonstrating diffuse Met immunostaining have a significantly longer survival than those with tumors showing negative/focal staining (19.7 versus 8.1 months at P = 0.026). In contrast, HGF immunoreactivity did not significantly correlate with the survival of the patients. The results suggest that HGF and Met expression may play significant bifunctional roles during human pancreatic ductal carcinogenesis and progression. Whereas an upregulation of Met receptor expression and HGF-Met interaction may have an important pathogenetic role during the early stages of neoplastic promotion, a lack or subsequent loss of Met expression in invasive adenocarcinoma appears to result in a more aggressive clinical behavior.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Gastrointestinal motor activity after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy with or without vagotomy in dogs.

BACKGROUND: In the present study we evaluated gastrointestinal motility after gastrectomy of a new pylorus-preserving technique that is becoming a popular operation for early stage carcinoma of the stomach. STUDY DESIGN: Using strain-gauge force transducers we studied gastrointestinal motility in control dogs, dogs after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy, and dogs after conventional distal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction. Dogs with gastrectomy were reoperated upon after recording motility patterns, and the effect of vagal denervation of the gastric remnant on motility was investigated. Overall motility pattern, length of the digestive phase in the jejunum, and interval of the interdigestive phase III contractions were studied and compared among the three groups. RESULTS: In dogs after gastrectomy without vagal denervation, the regular occurrence of interdigestive phase III contractions from the gastric remnant to the jejunum was identified. In dogs after gastrectomy with vagal denervation, however, no apparent interdigestive phase III contractions were observed in the gastric remnant. The duration of the digestive phase in the jejunum, which correlates with postprandial gastric emptying, was not different between the control dogs and the dogs having pylorus-preserving gastrectomy. However, this duration was significantly shorter in dogs having conventional distal gastrectomy compared with the control dogs, not only before but after vagal denervation. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the postoperative motor function after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy may be superior to that after conventional distal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Transfer of carmofur (HCFU) to the serum, bile, pancreatic juice and pancreatic tumor tissue in the cases of peri-pancreatic head cancer].

The concentrations of carmofur, 1-hexyl-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), in the serum, bile, pancreatic juice and pancreatic tumor tissue were studied in 18 cases of peri-pancreatic head cancer with drainages of the pancreatic and biliary ducts after pancreatico-duodenectomy. As a result, high concentrations of HCFU and 5-FU were detected in the serum, bile and pancreatic juice after a per-oral administration of HCFU, 200 mg: HCFU was high in the order of serum > bile and pancreatic juice, and 5-FU in the order of bile, serum and pancreatic juice. Two hours after administration, 5-FU concentration in the bile and serum attained to the maximum levels of 0.45 and 0.19 micrograms/ml, respectively, which demonstrated a lasting transfer of 5-FU to the bile at high concentration. HCFU and 5-FU levels in the tumor tissue were 0.079 and 0.024 micrograms/g, respectively. In conclusion, antitumor effect against the malignant tumors of the pancreatobiliary system can be expected by peroral administration of carmofur.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of the long-term results of intra or extracardiac implanted bioprosthetic valves].

The long-term results following intra or extracardiac implanted bioprosthetic valves were compared. Forty-one patients, whose average age at the operation was 43.3 +/- 10.7 (mean +/- SD) year-old, were implanted 33 Hancock and 11 Carpentier-Edwards porcine valves, 35 in mitral, 6 in aortic and 3 in tricuspid position. Twenty-five children, whose average age was 6.0 +/- 3.5 year-old (p < 0.01) at the operation, underwent right ventricular-pulmonary artery conduit repair with 16 Hancock, 7 Carpentier-Edwards porcine valves and 2 Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valves. There were only one late death and one operative death in the patients implanted intracardiac bioprosthetic valves. Seven intracardiac and 12 extracardiac implanted bioprosthetic valves were removed at the reoperation for prosthetic valve dysfunction. The probabilities free from reoperation after 7 and 9 years of follow-up was 91% and 82%, respectively, with intracardiac implanted valves, on the other hand 51% (p < 0.05) and 8.6% (p < 0.05), respectively, with extracardiac implanted valves. Valve dysfunction in extracardiac implantation was mainly related to the stenosis due to fusion of comissure and/or calcification. Regurgitation due to tear and/or perforation was mainly associated with intracardiac implanted bioprosthetic valves.

Adult↗