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Biomedical subjects

S Matsuda

Publications and source records attributed to S Matsuda.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor-heparin and neurotoxic effect of platelet factor 4 on ischemic neuronal loss and learning disability in gerbils.

Platelet factor 4, which has a potent affinity for heparin, has been shown to inhibit the binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to the cell surface receptor and to counteract the biological activities of basic fibroblast growth factor in certain peripheral tissues. In the present in vitro [125I]basic fibroblast growth factor binding experiments, platelet factor 4 consistently inhibited the binding of iodinated basic fibroblast growth factor to cell membranes of the gerbil hippocampus. To investigate the in vivo function of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor and/or basic fibroblast growth factor receptor possibly activated in the ischemic gerbil brain, we infused platelet factor 4 continuously into the left lateral ventricle with an osmotic minipump. When platelet factor 4 infusion was started within three days after a 3-min ischemic insult, it significantly enhanced ischemia-induced learning disability and ischemic neuronal loss in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, as demonstrated by the results of the step-down passive avoidance task and by subsequent histological examinations. Infusion of platelet factor 4 into the cerebral ventricle of intact gerbils did not affect learning ability or CA1 neuron number. Basic fibroblast growth factor-neutralizing antibody, when infused continuously in the cerebral ventricle, also exhibited a neurotoxic effect in ischemic but not intact gerbils. Basic fibroblast growth factor co-infused with heparin, but not basic fibroblast growth factor alone, rescued a significant number of ischemic neurons which were destined to degenerate without the infusion of heparinized basic fibroblast growth factor, and it prevented ischemia-induced learning disability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome using an orthosis.

We describe a strapping device for elevation of the shoulder in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). The device was used by 86 patients with TOS whose symptoms had been alleviated by passively raising the shoulder. Symptoms of TOS were classified as proximal, including pain in the shoulder girdle, and distal, in which there were neurological deficits related to the brachial plexus. The device was more effective in patients with distal symptoms: pain disappeared or improved in 67% of patients; numbness in 85%; sensory disturbance in 84%; and motor disturbance in 80%. However, proximal symptoms were relieved in only 65% of the patients. The ability to perform activities of daily living was rated as excellent in 33% of patients, good in 44%, fair in 12%, and poor in 9%. The shoulder orthosis described in this report can counterbalance downward traction on the brachial plexus and reduce the tension on it, thereby relieving symptoms of TOS.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Suppression of HIV replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages induced by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Susceptibility to HIV infection was examined in macrophages differentiated from human monocytes by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The replication of macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), which was determined by reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, was significantly suppressed in macrophages induced by GM-CSF (GM-type macrophages) but not in those induced by M-CSF (M-type macrophages). Multinucleated giant cells were formed only in M-type macrophages after HIV infection. However, the expression of CD4 molecules on the surface of both types of macrophages was similar and the proviral DNA was detectable in cell lysates of both macrophages, although the amount of proviral DNA in M-type macrophages was higher than that in GM-type macrophages. Many steps have been defined in HIV infection and replication, such as adsorption of HIV to the cell surface, internalization of the viral core into the cytoplasm, uncoating of viral RNA, reverse transcription and integration of proviral DNA into cellular DNA, transcription and translation of proviral DNA, assembly of viral components, and budding of virus particles. Our findings suggested that the suppression of HIV-1 replication in macrophages induced by GM-CSF is mainly due to a disturbance at certain steps of replication after synthesis of the proviral DNA. Thus, the suppression of HIV replication in GM-type macrophages may provide a model of the latency of HIV infection in vivo.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1995

Cysteine protease of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis preferentially evokes an IgE/IgG1 antibody response in rats.

Some cysteine proteases such as papain and those of mites and schistosomes have potent allergenic properties. To clarify the allergenicity of nematode cysteine proteases, the enzyme was purified from the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis using cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The purified protease, of 16 kD and pI 8.5, showed maximum enzyme activity at pH 5.5 and substrate preference for Z-Phe-Arg-MCA. The specific inhibitors of cysteine protease leupeptin, iodoacetic acid, and E-64, completely suppressed the activity, indicating that the purified enzyme belongs to the cysteine protease family. Cysteine protease activity was found not only in somatic extract, but also in the excretory-secretory (ES) product of the nematode. When anti-cysteine protease immunoglobulin isotypes were examined in sera from rats infected with N. brasiliensis, a high level of IgG1 and a lower level of IgE antibody were detected. Depletion of IgG antibodies from the sera using protein G affinity columns resulted in a marked increase in reactivity of anti-cysteine protease IgE with the antigen, possibly due to the removal of competing IgG antibodies. In contrast to IgE and IgG1, production of anti-cysteine protease IgG2a was negligible. These results indicate that the nematode cysteine protease preferentially evokes an IgE/IgG1 antibody response.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Cytokine mRNA expression profiles in rats infected with the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

Although the immune responses to intestinal nematode infection have been well studied and have been shown to be strongly driven by Th2-associated cytokines in mice, such information has been limited with respect to rats. We investigated changes in levels of the mRNAs encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and gamma interferon in the mesenteric lymph nodes of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis by reverse transcription-PCR in comparison with immunoglobulin E (IgE)/IgG2a antibody, eosinophil, basophil, and mucosal mast cell responses. In the two rat strains used, Brown Norway and Fischer-344, which show different responses to allergens, serum IgE increased to much higher levels in the former than in the latter 2 weeks after infection. Intestinal mastocytosis was observed much earlier and more intensely in Brown Norway rats than in Fischer-344 rats, but the degrees of peripheral eosinophilia and basophilia did not differ between the two strains. In both strains, IL-3, IL-4, and IL-5 mRNA expression increased and peaked around 7 to 14 days after infection, while expression of IL-2, IL-10, and gamma interferon mRNAs did not change notably throughout the experimental period. The highest IL-4 mRNA expression was observed slightly earlier in Brown Norway than in Fischer-344 rats, but levels of IL-3 and IL-5 mRNAs peaked synchronously in both strains. The amounts of mRNAs encoding these three cytokines were always higher in Brown Norway than in Fischer-344 rats. It is suggested that in rats, Th2 or Th2-like cells are also induced after nematode infection, and IgE elevation is mainly related to increased IL-4 gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The association between parents' unemployment and birthweight in Japan.

The association between birthweight and parents' occupations was examined with the 1985 Japanese Vital Statistics, which recorded 1,419,465 live births delivered in Japan from April 1985 through March 1986. The mean birthweights [MBWs] were significantly different according to the paternal occupation as well as the maternal occupation after adjusting for the infants' sex and parity. The MBWs of children of unemployed fathers were significantly lighter than those of offspring of employed fathers. This was due to both retarded intrauterine growth and a shortened gestational period. By contrast, the MBWs were not affected by the unemployment of mothers. The possible reasons for the decreased MBW in the case of unemployed fathers were economical problems due to unemployment, less favorable characteristics of demography and obstetrics, and psycho-social stress among the wives of the unemployed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

[A case of nephrotic syndrome associated with severe interstitial pneumonitis due to cyclophosphamide whose life was saved by steroid pulse therapy].

A 53-year-old man was admitted for treatment of nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy. Since he did not improve with prednisolone alone, cyclophosphamide was administered concomitantly. However, this induced severe interstitial pneumonitis, which was not cured by discontinuation of the drug, but disappeared completely with six episodes of methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The incidence of cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial pneumonitis is low, but the mortality is high. Since cyclophosphamide is often used for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, attention should be focused on the incidence of interstitial pneumonitis. Discontinuation of cyclophosphamide and intensive therapy are required when it occurs.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1995

Expression of C-terminal src kinase in human colorectal cancer cell lines.

C-terminal src kinase (CSK) is a cytoplasmic protein which decreases activities of the Src family protein-tyrosine kinases. We produced a polyclonal antibody specific for CSK and analyzed the expression of CSK by immunoblotting in two human colorectal normal cell lines and eighteen cancer cell lines. CSK was detected in both the two normal and all the eighteen cancer cell lines. The expression of CSK obtained from human colorectal cancer cell lines was greater than that from human colorectal normal cell lines in most cases. The elevated expression of CSK in human colorectal cancer cell lines appeared to correspond to the elevated p60c-src (c-Src) and p62c-yes (c-Yes) protein-tyrosine kinase activities found in other studies. Thus, CSK may not have an anti-oncogenic role to play through the negative regulation of Src family kinases in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical application of digital TV tomosynthesis to disorders of the wrist and their post-operative evaluation].

The clinical utility of digital TV tomosynthesis was assessed in 13 patients with chronic disorders of the wrist and the first carpometacarpal joints, and a post-operative evaluation was carried out. The disorders included nonunion of the scaphoid in five patients, Kienböck's disease in four, subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint in two, and osteoarthrosis of the first carpometacarpal joint in two. The total time needed to obtain two sets of tomographs of a wrist by digital TV tomosynthesis was about 10 minutes, or approximately one third of the time required with conventional methods. The total radiation exposure in obtaining all tomographs of one direction with digital TV tomosynthesis was less than that in obtaining only one tomograph with conventional methods. Digital TV tomosynthetic images were judged superior to conventional tomographs by four orthopedic surgeons and four radiologists, because tomographic blur was reduced in part by a spatial frequency filter processing. Clinically, digital TV tomosynthesis was very helpful in evaluating nonunion of the scaphoid and Kienböck's disease, especially in their post-operative conditions with metallic fixative devices. Digital TV tomosynthesis was found to be a fast, feasible and inexpensive method with low radiation exposure for evaluating disorders of the wrist.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The state of environmental problems in Vietnam].

Following the introduction of a market economy, Vietnam has been faced with a variety of environmental problems. The following eight problems deserve special attention; 1) deforestation, 2) decrease of agricultural land resources, 3) irrational use of water resources, 4) over exploitation of fishery resources, 5) irrational use of mineral resources, 6) loss of genetic resources, 7) environmental pollution, 8) environmental damage due to war. In order to solve these problems, the Vietnamese government established an integrated strategy, the "National Environmental Protection Research Program: NEPRP". However, because of shortages in human resources, adequate technology, and financial resources, it is very difficult for the Vietnamese government to fully implement this program. As the realization of a sound economic development in the Indochina area is very important from the international political point of view, strong expectations exist that developed countries, including Japan, will actively contribute to the solution of these environmental problems in Vietnam.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed1995

Geographic differences in seasonal variation of mean birth weight in Japan.

Seasonal variation of mean birth weight (MBW), mean gestational period (MGP), and MBW at 40 weeks of gestation (MBW40) in the 15 different prefectures of Japan were analyzed using vital statistics from 1974 to 1983. MBW generally shows a bimodal pattern with two peaks in spring and autumn and two troughs in summer and winter. Seasonality exhibits a general geographic trend: The autumn peak loses its height and the spring peak increases its amplitude as one moves from north to south. This trend suggests that environmental factors are associated with the creation of seasonality in MBW. For MGP the pattern is relatively unimodal with a deep trough in winter; however, a late summer small dip is observed in most cases. According to an analysis of coincidence between the two time series (MBW and MGP) and correlation analysis, the seasonal variation in birth weight basically depends on the gestational period. For MBW40, which represents the fetal growth rate, the seasonality shows a pattern similar to that of MBW. A statistically significant coincidence and a correlation are observed between the time series of MBW and MBW40. These results suggest that the two processes of fetal growth (gestational period and fetal growth rate) are associated with the creation of seasonality in MBW.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Morphological changes of neuromuscular junctions in the dystrophic (dy) mouse: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.

Neuromuscular junctions in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of control and dystrophic (dy) mice at stages ranging from 30 to 120 postnatal days were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). In control mice, the neuromuscular junctions consisted of thin ramifying nerve endings and of complex labyrinthine gutters with a great number of slit-like junctional folds. The subneural apparatuses of dy mice on the 30th and the 60th postnatal days were composed of undeveloped gutters or a number of cup-like depressions containing a few pit-like or slit-like junctional folds. In dystrophic neuromuscular junctions on the 120th postnatal day, subneural apparatuses were classified into two types: one had a cluster of continuous cup-like depressions with or without slit-like junctional folds, and the other consisted of discrete depressions containing slit-like junctional folds. Moreover, a small number of dystrophic muscle fibers were endowed with two subneural apparatuses which were 20 to 30 microns away from each other. Small round pits (0.5-1.0 microns in diameter) in some cup-like depressions were occasionally protruded by short processes of terminal axons. The present findings suggest that the age-dependent postsynaptic structural changes of dystrophic dy mice induce a complex morphological reorganization of presynaptic nerve endings. This might help the nerve endings compensate for the functional deterioration of dystrophic muscle fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Delta hepatitis].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

[Nineteen multiple primary cancer cases of 100 patients undergoing lung cancer resection].

In our department, half of 100 consecutive lung cancer resection cases were over the age of 70 years. In the same 100 patients, nineteen cases had multiple primary cancers. Sixteen cases had double, two cases had triple, one case had quadruple primary cancers. The incidence rate of multiple primary cancers involving the lung was 19%. This incidence of 19% is higher than the others ever reported in Japan. It was concluded, when lung cancer patients were elder, that there was increasment in the frequency of multiple cancer cases involving lung, and there was a high possibility of the occurrence of 2nd and 3rd primary cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Protection by prosaposin against ischemia-induced learning disability and neuronal loss.

Prosaposin, the protein precursor of saposins A, B, C, and D which activate sphingolipid hydrolases, is abundant in several brain regions including the hippocampus. We infused prosaposin continuously for 7 days into the lateral ventricle of gerbils starting 3 hours before 3-min of forebrain ischemia. Using the step-down passive avoidance task, we demonstrated that ischemia-induced learning disability is prevented almost completely by prosaposin infusion. Subsequent light and electron microscopic examinations showed that pyramidal neurons in the CA1 field of the hippocampus as well as synapses within the strata moleculare, lacunosum/radiatum and oriens of the field were significantly more numerous in gerbils infused with prosaposin infusion than in those receiving saline infusion. These findings suggest that prosaposin possesses neurotrotrophic activity to protect hippocampal CA1 neurons from lethal ischemic damage.

Animals↗