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Biomedical subjects

S Matsubara

Publications and source records attributed to S Matsubara.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Discriminant analysis on the treatment results of interstitial radium tongue implants.

Discriminant analysis was carried out for 48 tongue cancer patients who were treated with radium single-plane implantation. The 48 patients were grouped into 32 successfully cured without complications, five successfully cured with complications, six successfully cured but requiring additional boost therapy and five with local recurrence. To evaluate the relation between the dose distribution and the local treatment results, the analysis was based on a volume-dose relationship. The functions introduced by this discriminant analysis were linear, and the parameters used were modal dose, average dose and shape factors of histograms. Each group of treatment results had a correction rate of greater than 80%, except for the successfully cured group with ulcers. The discriminant functions were useful as an index to obtain a final clinical treatment result at the early time of implantation, and these functions could be used as a criterion for the optimal treatment of tongue carcinoma. We were also able to recognize the limitation of the actual arrangement of sources in the single-plane implant.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1989

Effect of blood exchange transfusion as an initial treatment of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

The effect of blood exchange transfusion on experimental acute pancreatitis was investigated. Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in rats by the injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. One hour after the induction of pancreatitis, blood exchange transfusion was carried out in these rats. The survival rates by 24 hr significantly increased in the exchange transfusion group as compared to those in the non-treated control group. Blood exchange transfusion, though had not significant effect on the macroscopic findings at autopsy, reduced pulmonary edema. These results suggested that blood purification by exchange transfusion may be beneficial for patients with acute pancreatitis, especially at an early stage.

Amylases↗
PubMed1989

Plasma amino acid abnormalities in liver disease: comparative analysis of idiopathic portal hypertension, extrahepatic portal occlusion and liver cirrhosis.

To clarify the clinical significance of specific plasma amino acid abnormalities occurring in liver disorders with portal-systemic shunting, plasma amino acids and insulin levels were measured in idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), extrahepatic portal occulusion (EHPO), and liver cirrhosis (LC). Three branched chain amino acids (BCAA: valine + leucine + isoleucine) were decreased in all three diseases in comparison with controls. Since plasma insulin measured during oral glucose tolerance tests did not specifically rise in LC, reduction of BCAA is not merely ascribed to hyperinsulinemia. Either portal-systemic shunting or some extent of liver damage may contribute to a fall in BCAA. Two aromatic amino acids (AAA: phenylalanine + tyrosine), which were within the normal range in EHPO and IPH, showed a marked increase in LC. Thus, changes of AAA probably mainly reflect the severity of the liver disease. The molar ratio of BCAA/AAA (MR) significantly correlated with ICG k, ICG R15, PT and the sum of blood ammonia in an oral ammonia tolerance test which may reflect the degree of hepatic disorder. MR diminished in the following decreasing order: controls, EHPO, IPH and LC.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D-1, D-2 and serotonin2 pKi values.

The pKi values of 13 reference typical and 7 reference atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) for rat striatal dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor binding sites and cortical serotonin (5-HT2) receptor binding sites were determined. The atypical antipsychotics had significantly lower pKi values for the D-2 but not 5-HT2 binding sites. There was a trend for a lower pKi value for the D-1 binding site for the atypical APD. The 5-HT2 and D-1 pKi values were correlated for the typical APD whereas the 5-HT2 and D-2 pKi values were correlated for the atypical APD. A stepwise discriminant function analysis to determine the independent contribution of each pKi value for a given binding site to the classification as a typical or atypical APD entered the D-2 pKi value first, followed by the 5-HT2 pKi value. The D-1 pKi value was not entered. A discriminant function analysis correctly classified 19 of 20 of these compounds plus 14 of 17 additional test compounds as typical or atypical APD for an overall correct classification rate of 89.2%. The major contributors to the discriminant function were the D-2 and 5-HT2 pKi values. A cluster analysis based only on the 5-HT2/D2 ratio grouped 15 of 17 atypical + one typical APD in one cluster and 19 of 20 typical + two atypical APDs in a second cluster, for an overall correct classification rate of 91.9%. When the stepwise discriminant function was repeated for all 37 compounds, only the D-2 and 5-HT2 pKi values were entered into the discriminant function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The ratios of serotonin2 and dopamine2 affinities differentiate atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs.

Atypical antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine, fluperlapine, and melperone produce weak catalepsy in rodents, and minimal extrapyramidal symptoms and serum prolactin elevations in humans, compared to typical antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol. The biological basis for these differences has been attributed to relatively weak blockade at D2 dopamine (DA) receptors, various effects at D1 receptors, or potent serotonin2 (5-HT2) antagonism, although other possibilities exist. To clarify the relative importance of actions at D1, D2, and 5-HT2 receptors for identification of candidate typical and atypical drugs, we determined the negative log of the Ki (pKi) value of 21 typical and 17 atypical antipsychotic drugs for the striatal D1 and D2 and frontal cortex 5-HT2 receptors of rodent brain. Cluster analysis identified that the 5-HT2/D2 ratio was the most successful means of utilizing this data to classify typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs correctly. A 92 percent accuracy was achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Spastic paraplegia in Sjögren's syndrome associated with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)--a case report].

A case of spastic paraplegia in Sjögren's syndrome associated with mixed connective tissue disease is reported. In this 49-year-old woman spastic gait and arthralgia developed at the age of 23 years and progressed chronically. On neurologic examination, supranuclear paresis of facial nerve was observed. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive in the jaw, upper and lower extremities. Serological tests showed that anti-nuclear, anti-RNP, and anti-SS-A antibodies were positive. Spinal fluid analysis showed that rate of de novo central nervous system (CNS) IgG synthesis was increased, and C3/C4 ratio was elevated. CT scans of the brain showed calcifications at bilateral basal ganglia, dentate nucleus and cerebellar vermis. An electroencephalogram revealed diffuse slowing, and 123I-IMP brain scans revealed decreased cerebral blood flow. MRI of brainstem and cervical cord were normal. These findings suggested that corticospinal tracts upper the brainstem were severely affected, and that there were multifocal latent lesions in the CNS. Mechanisms of the CNS involvement were supposed to be both autoimmune abnormality in the CNS, and vascular impairment.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[A case of cerebellar hemispheric venous malformation presenting crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis].

A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of clumsiness in his left arm and leg that had 2 months' history with subacute onset. On examination he showed left sided ataxia but no other neurological deficits. A linear lesion was demonstrated in the left cerebellar hemisphere by X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging without apparent hemorrhage and mass effect. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a venous malformation in the left cerebellar hemisphere but carotid arteries were normal. Relative distribution of cerebral blood flow was measured using single-photon-emission-computed tomography with rotating gamma camera and 123I-IMP. Reduced uptake was observed in the right frontal lobe (-15- -30%). However, the asymmetry disappeared 8 months later. The decreased blood flow in the contralateral cerebral cortex may be due to destruction of cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1988

Dose distribution of neutron beam and chromosome analysis.

Chromosome analysis using peripheral lymphocytes is a sensitive and reliable indicator of the biological effect of radiation at low radiation doses. In the present study, using this chromosome aberration analysis, we tried to investigate the radiation dose distribution within and around the radiation field of a 6 MeV neutron beam. The efficient induction of dicentrics and rings at the irradiation of neutrons compared to those of gamma or X rays especially in a lower dose range, results in a dominant linear component in the linear quadratic model in the dose response relation of a chromosome aberration formation. A marked increase of RBE (relative biological effectiveness) in a lower dose range of neutrons was demonstrated. The radiation doses of the neutron beam as a function of depth, estimated from the yields of dicentrics and rings in a water phantom revealed a fairly good agreement with doses that were physically obtained. The radiation portal margin of the neutron beam was demonstrated to be not as sharp due to a wide penumbra. This wide penumbra and high RBE value, especially at lower dose range of the neutron beam may contribute to the induction of secondary malignancies in the normal tissue surrounding the tumor mass.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1988

Significance of activation of reticuloendothelial function after hepatectomy in cirrhotic rats.

Effect of hepatectomy on the prognosis of cirrhotic rats prepared by oral administration of thioacetamide was studied from the standpoint of the reticuloendothelial function and energy metabolism of the liver. OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, was used to activate reticuloendothelial functions. Administration of OK-432 to cirrhotic rats prior to 70% hepatectomy significantly prevented the elevation of serum GOT, GPT and LDH, the prolongation of blood coagulation and the decrease of serum complement level. Hepatic ATP synthesis and RNA content were significantly increase by the use of OK-432. These findings suggest that activation of reticuloendothelial functions at the time of massive hepatectomy in cirrhotic rats may diminish hepatic injury, maintain serum complement level, and improve protein synthesis of the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Radiation injury in a patient with unusually high sensitivity to radiation.

Radiation therapy is usually given with the assumption that interindividual variations in radiosensitivity are small, except for some patients with hereditary diseases associated with increased sensitivity. Recently, we observed radiation induced pericarditis in a breast carcinoma patient, in whom clinical signs, blood counts and chromosome analysis after in vitro irradiation of blood suggested a state of unusually high radiosensitivity. No evidence of constitutional chromosome abnormality was found in karyotypic analysis with the G-banding technique.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Protective effect of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on bacterial and fungal infections in neutropenic mice.

The in vivo effects of purified natural human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (h G-CSF) on bacterial and fungal infections were examined in mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA). Induction of severe neutropenia was prevented by repeated daily injections of h G-CSF at a dose of 2.5 micrograms/day for 4 days after the CPA treatment. Although control mice died shortly after the bacteria inoculation at day 4, most of the mice in whom the numbers of blood neutrophils were restored by h G-CSF injections were saved from death. At the site of the bacteria inoculation in the h G-CSF-treated mice many mature neutrophils were observed to migrate in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, the dose of antibiotics required for elimination of infections was proved to be much less in the h G-CSF treated mice than that in the non-treated mice. These findings indicate that h G-CSF can be used efficiently for prevention and treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, particularly in patients with neutropenia.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1987

cDNA cloning and inducible expression during pregnancy of the mRNA for rabbit pulmonary prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450p-2).

We have isolated cDNA clones of the mRNA for prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450p-2) (Yamamoto, S., Kusunose, E., Ogita, K., Kaku, M., Ichihara, K., and Kusunose, M. (1984) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 96, 593-603) in rabbit lung by using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. The cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame of 1,470 nucleotides, the first 9 amino acids of which correspond to the residues 17-25 of cytochrome P-450p-2 determined from protein analysis. The predicted primary structure contains amino acid sequences of 23 tryptic fragments of cytochrome P-450p-2 and the deduced amino acid composition is in agreement with that determined from the purified protein. The complete polypeptide, including residues 1-16, contains 506 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 58,515. Cytochrome P-450p-2 shared 74% amino acid similarity with rat hepatic lauric acid omega-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450LA omega) (Hardwick, J.P., Song, B.-J., Huberman, E., and Gonzalez, F. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 801-810), whereas it showed less than 25% similarity to other forms of cytochrome P-450, indicating that the two cytochrome P-450s constitute a unique cytochrome P-450 gene family. DNA blot analysis of the total genomic DNA of rabbits suggest the presence of several genes or gene-like DNA sequences which cross-hybridized with the cloned cDNA. RNA blot analysis showed that progesterone treatment increased the amount of mRNA hybridizable to the cDNA by about 100-fold in the lung of rabbits as compared with the basal level without the treatment. This high level of the mRNA was also observed in the lung of pregnant rabbits.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Ultracytochemical localizations of adenylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase and cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity on the trophoblast in the human placenta. Direct histochemical evidence.

Ultracytochemical localizations of cyclic nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes, namely adenylate cyclase (AC), guanylate cyclase (GC) and cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE), have been demonstrated in the human term placenta. AC activity was found positive on the basal plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast and on the pinocytotic vesicle of the fetal capillary endothelial cell. GC activity was observed to be strong on the plasma membrane of the microvilli of the syncytiotrophoblast. The cAMP PDE activity was shown positive both on the basal plasma membrane and on the microvillous membrane, while cGMP PDE activity was exclusively confined to the microvilli of the syncytiotrophoblast. These observations suggest that the syncytiotrophoblast plays an important role in the cyclic nucleotide metabolism in the human term placenta and that there might be significant functional differences between its basal plasma membrane and its microvillous membrane.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗