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Biomedical subjects

S Matsubara

Publications and source records attributed to S Matsubara.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Efficacy of oral administration of live herpes simplex virus type 1 as a vaccine.

Mice given herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (Miyama +GC strain) intragastrically via a stainless-steel cannula were rendered immune to subsequent lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge with HSV-1. The orally administered HSV-1 was completely inactivated in the stomach within a few minutes of inoculation. However, systemic immunity was established 14 days after oral inoculation with the virus and retained for up to 6 months. The mechanisms of establishing systemic immunity were investigated by means of adoptive transfer comparisons. When splenic cells from HSV-1-immunized mice were transplanted into nonimmunized mice, all of the recipient mice survived after a lethal i.p. challenge with the virus. Immunity was not established in antithymocyte serum-treated mice or by transfer of serum from immunized to nonimmunized mice. In addition, all HSV-1-immunized mice died after lethal challenge with HSV-2 and influenza virus A. These findings suggest that the immunity was virus specific, with T lymphocytes playing a major role in its establishment. The present study therefore supports the possibility of oral immunization with live HSV-1 as a vaccine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Portal venous pressure following splenectomy in patients with portal hypertension of differing etiology.

To clarify the effect of splenomegaly on portal hemodynamics in patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices, manometric studies were carried out before and after splenectomy during an operation for esophageal varices. The 118 patients evaluated retrospectively had underlying liver cirrhosis (LC) (62), idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) (42), and extrahepatic portal occlusion (EHO) (14). The weight of the spleen did not differ significantly among the three diagnostic groups: 640 +/- 473.5 g for LC, 780 +/- 414.6 g for IPH, and 683 +/- 457.2 g for EHO. Before splenectomy, portal pressure was significantly elevated in the patients with EHO (410 +/- 85.2 mm H2O) as compared to either the LC or IPH groups (348 +/- 64.1 and 348 +/- 73.5 mm H2O). Following splenectomy the reduction of portal pressure was significantly greater in the EHO group (29 +/- 15.5%) than in either the LC (18 +/- 17.4%) or IPH (19 +/- 17.0%) groups. Each group was subdivided according to severity of splenomegaly: marked (spleen weight > or = 500 g) or slight (spleen weight < 500 g). Patients with LC and marked splenomegaly showed a reduction in liver function parameters as shown by the prolongation of indocyanine retention rate at 15 min as compared to those with slight splenomegaly. Though it is not statistically significant, the average portal pressure tended to be higher among those with marked splenomegaly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1992

A tiaramide derivative, 5-chloro-3-(4-hydroxypiperadinocarbonylmethyl)benzothiazoline-2-one (HPR-611), a potent inhibitor of anaphylactic chemical mediator release--a distinctive feature from disodium cromoglycate.

Effects of a tiaramide derivative, 5-chloro-3-(4-hydroxypiperadinocarbonylmethyl)benzothiazoline++ +-2-one (HPR-611), on anaphylactic chemical mediator release from rat peritoneal exudate cells (RPEC), guinea pig lung fragments (GPLF) and human lung fragments (HLF) were investigated in comparison with those of tiaramide and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). HPR-611 at 10(-6) - 10(-4) g/ml showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of the histamine release from RPEC regardless of its pretreatment time. Tiaramide also inhibited the release with slightly less potency than HPR-611. The treatment of DSCG 1 min before antigen challenge markedly prevented the release but the inhibitory potency was clearly deteriorated by prolongation of the pretreatment time. Tiaramide tended to influence the anaphylactic release of histamine from GPLF with only 20% inhibition of the release at either 10(-5) or 10(-4) g/ml, whereas HPR-611 at 10(-5) and 10(-4) g/ml significantly suppressed the release in a concentration-dependent fashion. DSCG was not effective on that even at higher concentrations. Anaphylactic release of not only histamine but also immunoreactive leukotriene B4 (i-LTB4) and i-LTC4 from HLF was markedly inhibited by 10(-8) - 10(-4) g/ml of HPR-611. Tiaramide inhibited the release to a somewhat less extent than HPR-611, while nominal or no inhibitions by DSCG were found. From these results, it is clearly apparent that anti-allergic actions of HPR-611 are quite different from those of DSCG.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of metastatic intracerebral malignant schwannoma].

A 53 year old male complaining of headache and left hemiparesis was referred to our hospital on November 11, '89. He had no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. He had been operated on because of a well circumscribed tumor in the left paravertebral muscle on July 11, '87, and metastasis in the lower lobe of the left lung on April 20, '88. The pathological diagnosis of both the primary and the metastatic lung tumor was malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor showing peripheral cell differentiation (malignant schwannoma). Contrast enhanced CT demonstrated an irregularly enhanced mass in the right parietal lobe just before admission. On the night of admission November 12, '89, he suddenly had severe headache and this progressed to hemiparesis. Repeat CT examination was done immediately and revealed intratumoral hemorrhage. On November 19, '89, the tumor was totally removed. His symptoms disappeared postoperatively. The pathological findings of the tumor were the same as those made previously. The patient received radiotherapy to the brain (local 50 Gy and whole brain 30 Gy) and chemotherapy with nitrosourea (MCNU 150mg). He was discharged without neurological deficits. However he had two operations to remove metastatic tumors in the soft tissue of the hip on January 12, and August 17, '90. A very rare case of metastatic intracerebral malignant schwannoma is reported, and the literature on this point is reviewed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Localized disturbance of autonomic nervous system--reflex sympathetic dystrophy].

Clinical aspects of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) are summarized, along with a review of basic works concerning its pathophysiology. RSD is important not only as a cause of limb pain after trauma and other triggers, but also as a cause aggravating the pain which already has an apparent cause, but is disproportionally severe.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

A new family of heparin-binding factors: strong conservation of midkine (MK) sequences between the human and the mouse.

A retinoic acid responsive gene, MK, specifies for a heparin binding factor termed midkine (MK), which is the initial member of a new protein family involved in regulation of growth and differentiation. A cDNA clone of human MK was isolated from a fetal kidney cDNA library. Human MK mRNA was expressed in PA1 teratocarcinoma cells as well as in the kidney. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clone and of a part of the genomic clone yielded the predicted protein sequence of human MK. Human and mouse MK sequences are highly conserved: 87% of amino acids are identical and all amino acid changes are conservative except for an insertion. Comparison of MK and HB-GAM/pleiotrophin (another member of the family) from various species revealed sequences conserved in the family and those specific for each protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Serotonergic measures in suicide brain: 5-HT1A binding sites in frontal cortex of suicide victims.

The density of 5-HT1A binding using 3H-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) as binding ligand, was studied in human frontal cortex of suicide victims and normal controls who died due to medical disease or accidentally. There was no difference in the maximum number of binding site (Bmax) or Kd (an inverse measure of affinity) of 5-HT1A receptor binding sites between normal controls and the entire group of suicide victims. However, nonviolent suicides had significantly higher Bmax (22-25%) compared to both controls and violent suicides. A negative correlation between age and Bmax of 5-HT1A binding sites was found in male controls but not in female controls or suicide victims. This relationship was less apparent among the male controls over age 60.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1991

Wire friction from ceramic brackets during simulated canine retraction.

The present study was designed to investigate the nature of friction between orthodontic wire and various ceramic brackets. The amount of tooth movement with metal and ceramic brackets was measured, and the wire surfaces were examined microscopically immediately after artificial tooth movement. The amount of tooth movement produced by the ceramic brackets was significantly less than that produced by metal bracket. The wire surfaces were scratched more obviously by ceramic brackets than by metal bracket. Slot surfaces and edges of the ceramic brackets were substantially more porous and rougher than those surfaces of the metal bracket. These material differences between metal and ceramic brackets significantly affect the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1991

Effect of combination therapy with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) and antibiotics in neutropenic mice unresponsive to antibiotics alone.

The effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) in enhancing antimicrobial chemotherapy was investigated. Combined treatments of rG-CSF with cefotaxime, cefazolin, fosfomycin, gentamicin or amphotericin B were evaluated in systemic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in leucopenic mice induced by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide. Administration of appropriate antibiotics afforded a dose-related inhibition of death from infection in normal mice and mice treated with rG-CSF after cyclophosphamide injection. In cyclophosphamide-treated mice, even larger doses of the antibiotics failed to provide protection against infection with the same inoculum size. These results suggest the possibility that rG-CSF could be of help in treatments with antimicrobial agents against infections in leucopenic patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mechanism of protective effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on Pseudomonas infection.

Decrease in resistance to systemic Pseudomonas infection in cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced neutropenic mice was prevented by injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF). In order to explore mechanism of the prevention of CPA-induced decrease in the anti-infectious resistance by rG-CSF, CPA-treated and then rG-CSF-injected mice were inoculated i.p. with P. aeruginosa, and growth of the infecting bacteria and infiltration of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity were determined. In the mice who had received 4 daily s.c. injections of rG-CSF from the day after CPA-injection, a large number of neutrophils were mobilized into the peritoneal cavity in response to the bacterial inoculation and growth of the infecting Pseudomonas in the cavity was markedly inhibited, whereas in CPA-induced neutropenic mice few neutrophils were mobilized and the infecting bacteria proliferated vigorously in the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that administration of rG-CSF prevents CPA-induced neutropenia and neutrophils circulating at normal level in the number are normally mobilized into the peritoneal cavity in response to Pseudomonas inoculation, and that the mobilized neutrophils inhibit proliferation of the infecting Pseudomonas.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of lithium on the beta-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system in rat cerebral cortical membranes.

The effects of lithium on the beta-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase system in cerebral cortical membranes of rats were investigated. Lithium chloride inhibited adenylate cyclase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. However, relatively high concentrations of lithium were needed for this inhibition; and at 1 mM, no significant reduction in adenylate cyclase activity was seen under any condition. Administration of lithium carbonate for 21 days decreased the maximum number of [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites without changing the apparent dissociation constant. Activation of adenylate cyclase by (-)-isoproterenol in the presence of 1 microM guanyl-5'-ylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) was significantly attenuated in lithium-treated rats compared with the controls. Lithium treatment reduced the Gpp(NH)p-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of 10 microM (-)-isoproterenol, but not in the absence of this beta-adrenergic receptor agonist. Basal activity or adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by forskolin or manganese was not affected, whereas the activity stimulated by sodium fluoride was significantly attenuated by long-term lithium treatment. These results indicate that chronic lithium treatment induces subsensitivity in the beta-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase system, for which down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors is chiefly responsible.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1991

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the mice receiving bone marrow transplantation following lethal irradiation: acceleration of recovery of the peripheral blood neutrophils and potentiation of anti-Pseudomonas resistance.

The effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on the recovery of peripheral blood neutrophil counts and resistance to i.p. infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied using a mouse bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model. A severe neutropenic period continued in the BMT mice for greater than 9 days following BMT. In contrast, the number of peripheral blood neutrophils in the BMT mice that received a daily administration of 2.5 micrograms of rG-CSF following BMT returned to normal by day 9. Thus, rG-CSF accelerated the recovery of the peripheral blood neutrophil counts in BMT mice. Anti-Pseudomonas resistance of the control BMT mice examined on days 7, 9, and 11 following BMT was one fifteenth to one fiftieth of normal mice, as indicated by the LD50 value. The anti-Pseudomonas resistance was elevated six- to sevenfold by the rG-CSF treatment. A marked increase in the neutrophils exudating into the peritoneal cavity in response to casein injection was observed in the rG-CSF-treated BMT mice. In addition, the reduced superoxide generative and phagocytic activity of the peritoneal neutrophils of the BMT mice were restored to normal by the rG-CSF treatment. It is suggested that rG-CSF potentiated anti-Pseudomonas resistance of the BMT mice by increasing neutrophils migrating to the infection site and restoring their functions; this may result from a prompt recovery of the peripheral blood neutrophil level together with the effect on neutrophil functions. These results indicate the clinical usefulness of rG-CSF in applications for BMT.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ultracytochemical localization of NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the human placenta.

Ultracytochemical localization of NAD(P)H oxidase activity was demonstrated in the human term placenta by the cerium method. The activity of this enzyme was also compared to those of other oxygen-intermediates-metabolizing enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. NAD(P)H oxidase activity was exclusively confined to the apical microvillous membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. Other enzymes studied showed no activity. We discuss the possibility that NAD(P)H oxidase might play a role in transferring substances between mother and fetus and that this enzyme might modulate placental H2O2 production.

Catalase↗
PubMed1991

Ultracytochemical study on the permeability of the human amniotic epithelium.

In order to elucidate and characterize the transport pathway of the substances in the amniotic fluid, the permeability of the term human amnion was studied ultracytochemically, with lanthanum or horse radish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer. Pieces of the term human amnion were exposed to the solutions containing lanthanum or HRP, and processed for electronmicroscopy. Precipitates indicating lanthanum or HRP were observed in the lateral intercellular spaces of the amniotic epithelial cells through the entire depth of the spaces. Generally, pinocytosis of HPR was not observed. In rare cases, however, diffuse uptake of HRP was noticed in the cells of the electron-lucent cytoplasm. These facts indicated that the human amniotic epithelium is quite permeable and that this particular intercellular pathway is important in the mechanism of the transfer of substances between the mother and the fetus.

Amnion↗
PubMed1991

[Hepatic resection under the Pringle maneuver induces endotoxemia and lipoperoxidative attack in the jaundiced rat liver].

Sixty percent hepatectomy under two times of the Pringle maneuver (temporal occlusion of the hepatic inflow of the hepatic artery and portal vein) for 25 min was carried out on rats with obstructive jaundice. Hepatic energy charge which was markedly decreased during the Pringle maneuver did not recover 3 hrs after release of the maneuver. In addition, systemic endotoxemia associated with increased level of malondialdehyde and decreased levels of total glutathione and alpha-tocopherol in the liver was demonstrated. These changes were more dominant in rats with obstructive jaundice for 3 weeks than those for 1 week. It can be said that deteriorated hepatic energy charge after release of the Pringle maneuver may partly be caused by the production of oxygen free radicals which may be enhanced by endotoxemia in resection of the jaundiced liver. In contrast, after release of the Pringle maneuver, deterioration of hepatic energy charge due to oxidative attack was not found in jaundiced rats without hepatic resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Complement C4-derived monocyte-directed chemotaxis-inhibitory factor. A molecular mechanism to cause polymorphonuclear leukocyte-predominant infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis synovial cavities.

To reveal the mechanism of the lesser infiltration of monocytes in synovial cavities with rheumatoid arthritis despite the presence of chronic inflammation, the synovial fluid from 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients was analyzed with respect to leukocyte chemotaxis. The synovial fluid possessed strong chemotactic activity to polymorphonuclear leukocytes but rather suppressed one to monocytes. The synovial fluid contained two different inhibitory activities in monocyte chemotaxis. One, which also suppressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, was identified as alpha 1 protease inhibitor. The other, with molecular weight of 8 kd, possessed the specificity to monocytes and shared the antigenicity with complement C4 but not with C3 or C5. A similar inhibitor was generated in normal human plasma when the classical pathway of the complement system was initiated with aggregated human IgG, while it was not when alternative pathway was initiated with zymosan. The small size factor in the synovial fluid, apparently derived from C4, seemed to be a cyto-directed factor that might block an early part of signal transduction system of monocytes in the chemotaxis. After removal of the small-size inhibitor, the synovial fluid exhibited chemotactic ability to monocytes. Therefore the apparent C4-derived factor might play a key role in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte-predominant infiltration in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗