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Biomedical subjects

S Mathur

Publications and source records attributed to S Mathur.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Motion characteristics of spermatozoa from men with cytotoxic sperm antibodies.

Semen samples from 55 fertile nonautoimmune and 44 infertile sperm autoimmune men were evaluated by computerized sperm cell motion analysis. Sperm counts (mean +/- SEM, 59.6 +/- 10.3 X 10(6) per ml), motility (39.0 +/- 4.6%), mean swimming speed (micron/sec, 26.5 +/- 0.9), mean linearity (straight line distance of the cell track divided by the actual track length and multiplied by 10, 6.5 +/- 0.2), and motility index (% motility X mean speed, 10.7 +/- 1.4) in 23 men with significant titers of cytotoxic sperm antibodies in their serum and seminal plasma were less (p less than 0.0001) than those in the fertile controls. However, these parameters were comparable in 18 men with sperm antibodies in their seminal plasma but not in their serum, and the control group. Infertile men with serum cytotoxic sperm antibodies had more sperm cells swimming at 11-30 micron/sec, and fewer moving at 31 micron or higher; this was in contrast to results obtained from fertile men (p less than 0.05). The percentages of sperm cells moving at 21-30 micron/sec were increased, while those moving at 51-60 microns/sec were decreased in men with seminal plasma sperm antibodies, versus controls. Spermatozoa with low linearities (less than or equal to 6) were higher (p less than 0.05) in men with serum and seminal plasma cytotoxic sperm antibodies than in the fertile group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1986

Calcium pump activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum in diabetic rat skeletal muscle.

Ca2+ pump activity of skeletal muscle microsomes containing fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum was examined in rats 8 wk after the induction of chronic diabetes by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). In comparison with the control values, both ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activities were increased in the microsomal fraction from diabetic rats. These changes were seen as early as 7 days after streptozotocin injection and were apparent at various times of incubation (1-10 min) as well as at different concentrations of free Ca2+ (10(-7)-5 X 10(-5) M Ca2+). Insulin administration to diabetic animals for 2 wk reversed Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activities to control levels. The increase in microsomal ATPase activity of the diabetic preparation due to cAMP-dependent protein kinase or calmodulin was greater than in the control microsomes and the depression by a specific inhibitor of protein kinase, but not of calmodulin, was greater in diabetic muscle. The enhanced Ca2+ pump activity was associated with altered phospholipid composition and protein profile of the diabetic preparations. The rate of Ca2+ release from microsomal vesicles was unaffected by the diabetic condition. Isometric contractile force development as well as positive dF/dt and negative dF/dt of the skeletal muscle from diabetic animals were higher at different pulse strengths (0.5-100 V) and at different Ca2+ concentrations (0.25-2.5 mM). These results suggest that diabetes is associated with enhanced sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ pump activity, and this may account for the hyperfunction of skeletal muscle in this disease.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Physiological integrity of human sperm in the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Several species of Mycoplasma have been isolated from the human genital tract, the most common being M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. A causal relationship between such infections and sperm dysfunction and infertility has yet to be established. It was the purpose of this study to examine the effects of U. urealyticum infection on the function of sperm as assessed by seminal fluid analysis (SFA), in vitro penetration of bovine cervical mucus (BCMP), and the hamster sperm penetration assay (SPA). No significant differences were noted in the SFA of infected and uninfected samples, either fresh or frozen, fertile or infertile. In addition, no differences were noted in the BCMP or SPA. In sperm from U. urealyticum-infected individuals the basic physiological mechanisms underlying mucus penetration and ovum fertilization seem intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Electric shock.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed1986

An endometrial antibody assay in the clinical diagnosis and management of endometriosis.

Coded serum samples from 11 normal fertile men and 17 fertile women without endometriosis (control groups) and 41 women with endometriosis were tested blindly for the presence of endometrial antibodies by use of a passive hemagglutination assay. Endometrial antibodies were either absent or present in low baseline titers in the serum samples from the control group. In contrast, 17 of the 23 (74%) patients with untreated endometriosis had elevated titers of endometrial antibodies in their serum. Of the 18 patients treated with danazol, endometrial antibodies were absent in 7 women who showed a good response at repeat laparoscopy, whereas 4 of 5 women with a poor response had significantly positive titers of antibodies. Six patients treated with danazol did not have repeat laparoscopy, but were found to have endometrial antibody titers in the baseline control range. Endometrial antibody titers in women with a good response to danazol were significantly lower than those in women with untreated endometriosis or with a poor response to danazol (P = 0.003). No correlation was observed between the antibody titers and the stage of endometriosis. The results suggest that the assay for serum endometrial antibodies may prove to be a clinically useful, noninvasive aid in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Sequential determination of endometrial antibody titers may be helpful in assessing the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy for endometriosis and evaluating the cases of patients with possible recurrence of the disease.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

A computerized sperm motion analysis [published erraturm appears in Fertil Steril 1986 Nov;46(5):980].

Semen samples from 35 fertile men and husbands of 32 infertile couples were evaluated with the use of a rapid computerized sperm motion analysis (CSA). The counts and percentages of motile sperm measured by routine semen analysis (RSA) and CSA were comparable in both groups. In CSA, mean values of swimming speed (microns per second), linearity, and motility index of sperm in the fertile men were significantly higher than those in the infertile group. At 3 hours, the number of sperm moving at a speed of 21 to 30 microns/second were higher in the infertile group than in the fertile group. In contrast, the number of sperm moving at a speed of 31 to 50 microns/second and higher was increased in the fertile group over the infertile group. Good correlations were obtained between RSA and CSA sperm counts and percentages of progressively motile sperm. Sperm counts, percent motility, indices of motility, and mean sperm speed obtained by two observers with the use of CSA correlated well. It seems that the sperm speed and the motility index remain unaltered in repeat semen analyses of fertile men. It is concluded that a computerized analysis of sperm swimming speed is a reliable and rapid mode for evaluating semen samples and offers more discriminatory sperm motion characteristics than the RSA.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Cytotoxic sperm antibodies inhibit sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs.

Zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay was used to study the effects of cytotoxic sperm antibodies on egg penetration by the sperm of fertile and infertile men. Twenty-nine fertile and 9 infertile men did not have significant cytotoxic sperm antibodies in their serum and seminal plasma; 7 infertile men were positive for these antibodies in serum and seminal plasma. Two others were positive in sera, and 14 were positive in seminal plasma. Sperm from 18 of 23 (78%) infertile men with sperm antibodies had poor egg penetration (less than or equal to 20%) compared with only 6 of 38 (16%) nonautoimmune men (P less than 0.0001). Sperm from nonautoimmune fertile men were coated with seminal plasma and serum of autoimmune men and serum of isoimmune women, resulting in a significant decrease in hamster egg penetration. Sixteen of 21 (76%) seminal plasma samples with cytotoxic sperm antibodies reduced the control sperm penetration of hamster eggs by greater than or equal to 50%. Coating of sperm from fertile men with serum and seminal plasma samples from non-sperm-immune fertile and infertile subjects did not alter their penetration of hamster eggs. Coating of sperm from autoimmune men with cytotoxic antibody-positive autologous seminal plasma samples resulted in a significant decrease of egg penetration. The inhibitory effect of antibody-positive seminal plasma samples on egg penetration by control sperm was abrogated when the samples were preabsorbed with sperm. It is concluded that cytotoxic sperm antibodies, especially those in seminal plasma, inhibit hamster egg penetration by autologous and control sperm. This may explain in part the incidence of infertility associated with sperm antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Females' isoimmunity to sperm is associated with sperm autoimmunity in their husbands.

One hundred twenty-five fertile couples and 334 infertile couples were tested for the presence of cytotoxic and hemagglutinating antibodies to sperm. Elevated titers of sperm antibodies were absent in both partners of fertile couples. Of 79 infertile males with levels of sperm antibodies in the previously established negative range, 97% had wives who also had low titers of sperm antibodies. Of 255 infertile males positive for serum hemagglutinating antibodies, 56% had wives whose serum contained significant circulating hemagglutinating antibodies, while 93 of 202 (46%) males with significant cytotoxic antibody titers had wives whose serum contained elevated cytotoxic antibody titers. The females developed elevated titers of sperm antibodies in the serum and cervical mucus if their husbands had significant titers of hemagglutinating and cytotoxic sperm antibodies in the serum and seminal plasma samples. Females' isoimmunity to sperm was significantly associated with their husbands' autoimmunity to sperm and infertility.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1985

Anti-sperm antibodies, detected by agglutination, immobilization, microcytotoxicity and immunobead-binding assays.

To determine the reliability of tests currently utilized in the detection of sperm-reactive antibodies, sera were provided as unknowns and studied without knowledge of the clinical histories. Four laboratories performed tray agglutination tests (TAT), three complement-dependent immobilization (SIT), and single laboratories sperm cytotoxicity (SCT), passive haemagglutination (PHA) and immunobead binding (IBB). Most investigators demonstrated an excellent correlation between duplicate sample results. Nearly all of the female sera were free of anti-sperm antibodies and positive results did not appear in greater frequency in women with unexplained infertility as compared with other categories. For the male sera, the highest incidence of anti-sperm antibodies in the infertile group (21% positive for sperm-reactive IgGs) was obtained by immunobead binding. The GAT and TAT results gave 7 and 12% positives, except for lower results in one laboratory. Sperm-reactive antibodies were detected most commonly in vasectomized men, with all assays except SCT and PHA. Of the newer techniques studied, IBB results correlated well with TAT, GAT and SIT, while SCT and PHA did not, suggesting that a different group of antibodies, perhaps directed against other sperm-associated antigens, was being detected by the latter procedures. In this light, emphasis was placed on the need to validate whether results of particular methodologies correlated with impaired sperm function and to develop methods that provided evidence for this premise, either on the basis of clinical criteria or altered gamete interaction in vitro.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1985

Antibody reactivity with porcine zona pellucida.

A comparative study on anti-zona antibody activities in the sera from clinically defined categories of patients registered at the WHO Reference Bank for Reproductive Immunology was performed at five different laboratories with different detection methods. Considerably higher incidences of positive reactions were detected by immunofluorescence on porcine zonae in infertile women (16.3%) than in control subjects (7.1%). A similar proportion of positives was found by radioimmuno-binding assay (RIBA) using porcine zona antigen preparation in the infertile group (13.0%) but not in the female control group (0%), giving an indication of the specificity of this test. It is noteworthy that high incidences of positives were observed by RIBA with sera from male subjects with unexplained sterility, vasectomy and aspermatogenesis. A test system of passive hemagglutination reaction (PHAR) using purified porcine zona substance as antigen gave a low but slightly higher incidence of positives in infertile (3.1%) than in control sera (0.9%). No positive reactions were observed with infertile and control sera by another PHAR or by radioimmunoassay using an antigen preparation common to the two test systems. Anti-zona activities in these sera were therefore seen to vary, depending largely upon the detection systems and the antigen preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antibodies to microbial, leukocyte and organ antigens.

Hemagglutinating antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis were present in 30 of 83 infertile, 15 of 40 pregnant and 5 of 20 post-partum females and 20 of 82 infertile males in contrast to only 2 of 21 fertile females and 5 of 25 fertile males. Their presence correlated with sperm antibody detection by TAT in Lab. 4, the immunobead-binding assay of Lab. 1 and the SIT of Lab. 11, but not with other sperm antibody assays. Immunofluorescent antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, on the other hand, did not correlate with the incidence of sperm antibodies. Among 305 serum samples tested, 12 were positive for testicular antibodies, 8 had antibodies to kidney, 7 to ovary and 15 to endometrium. A majority of serum samples positive for antibodies to testis and ovary, but not endometrium, reacted against sperm in different assays. Eight of 135 samples tested had antibodies to human leukocyte antigenic HLA-Aw19 (Aw19, A28, A29, A30 and A32) and/or B35 (B35, B5 and B15) complexes. Six of these samples were also positive for sperm antibodies by one or more antibody assays. Cross-reactive antigens may be present in sperm, M. hominis, testis, ovary and leukocytes.

Animals↗