The effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulphonate (DMPS) on body beryllium burden, hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione, alkaline and acid phosphatase and some biochemical variables of porphyrin metabolism were studied in beryllium-poisoned rats. It was observed that beryllium poisoning is associated with a slight increase in lipid peroxidation, significant depletion of alkaline phosphatase and elevation of acid phosphatase activities in the liver and increased beryllium concentration in blood and other soft organs. Evidence is presented that both DMSA and DMPS during concomitant administration prevented most of the above beryllium-induced biochemical alterations. Tissue beryllium concentration and histopathological lesions in liver and kidneys were also significantly less marked following simultaneous administration of DMPS compared to beryllium-exposed controls; DMSA was comparatively less effective.

Animals↗

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Should we ban B6 supplementation of INH therapy in childhood tuberculosis?

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Child↗

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Sonographic assessment of renal volume in Indian children.

In an attempt to making norms of renal volume (RV) in Indian children, 240 children (137 boys and 103 girls) below 5 years of age were subjected to sonographic examination in supine position. Left RV in female children increased from 18.04 mm3 in early infancy to 48.36 mm3 in 4-5 year age group. Similar increase was observed in the right RV. There was no significant left vs. right difference in RV in boys and girls (p > 0.05). Similarly, the RV did not differ significantly in both sexes (p > 0.05, in all age groups except 4-5 years, p = 0.04).

Age Factors↗

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Sonographic renal length in Indian children.

For the purpose of making norms of ultrasonographic renal length in Indian children, 240 children (137 boys and 103 girls) below 5 years of age were subjected to sonographic evaluation in supine position. Left renal length increased from 59.18 mm, in infancy to 81.89 mm between 4-5 years age in female children. Similar increase was observed in male children. There was no statistically significant difference in renal length in boys and girls in various age groups (p 0.05 to 0.1). Right renal length measured 1-3.5 mm than less than the left renal length, and this difference was statistically significant (p 0.05 to 0.0002) in both sexes. Renal length positively correlated to subject's age, length/height, body weight and body surface area in that order.

Anthropometry↗

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Sperm immunity in infertile couples: antibody titers are higher against the husbands' sperm than to sperm from controls.

Titers of hemagglutination and cytotoxic antibodies to sperm were determined in the sera, seminal plasma, cervical mucus, and vaginal secretions from 69 infertile couples, using sperm from the husbands and from normal control subjects. Titers of hemagglutination and cytotoxic antibodies were significantly higher (p = 0.002 and p less than 0.001, respectively) against autologous sperm as contrasted with sperm from control subjects in sera from 55 autoimmune males. Hemagglutination and cytotoxic antibody titers were also significantly higher (p = 0.044 and p less than 0.001, respectively) against their husbands' sperm as contrasted with control sperm in sera from 46 females with isoimmunity to sperm. Ninety percent of males and females with sperm immunity were positive for histocompatibility antigens HLA-B7, HLA-B8, and/or HLA-BW35. In males, the presence of increased serum cytotoxic antibody titers against autologous versus control sperm was significantly associated with the presence of HLA-B7 allele (p = 0.0017) and with HLA-B7, HLA-B8, and/or HLA-BW35 in general (p less than 0.05). In the females, increased serum antibody titers to their own husbands' versus control sperm were not preferentially associated with HLA-B7, HLA-B8, or HLA-BW35 antigens.

Antibodies↗

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The influence of affect on social-information processing.

This study examined the impact of four affect induction conditions (self-induced positive affect, music-induced positive affect, music-induced negative affect, and neutral affect) on the social-information-processing skills of 96 seventh-grade students with and without learning disabilities using the Dodge (1983) model of social skills. Following a 1-minute affect induction, students were presented with a social problem and asked a series of questions that tested their social skills. Although the results did not find significant differences between school-identified students with and without learning disabilities, there were significant main effects for language skills and affect induction. Students above the median on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills language test generated more solutions and fewer negative responses than students below the median. Students in the self-induced positive affect condition generated more solutions, whereas students in the music-induced positive affect condition generated more embellishments and perceived less interpretation (negative/positive), than students in the neutral and negative affect conditions. The implications of these results for research and practice are discussed.

Adolescent↗

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Effect of early antibiotic treatment on the formation of sperm antibodies in experimentally induced epididymitis.

This investigation was conducted to evaluate whether or not experimentally produced epididymitis could induce the development of cytotoxic sperm antibodies and if effective antibiotic therapy could reverse the development of immunity to sperm. Escherichia coli was injected into the tail of the epididymis in adult Lewis rats to induce epididymitis and was allowed to incubate for 24 h, 72 h, 8 days, or 15 days. Serum titers of cytotoxic sperm antibodies at these time intervals were determined. Sperm antibody titers began to rise 3 days after inoculation, peaked, and plateaued at 8 days. The titers were negligible in the control rats. Two other groups of rats were inoculated with E. coli in a similar manner and were treated with tetracycline 25 mg/kg/day starting at either 24 h or 8 days after inoculation, for 7 days. The antibody titers became negligible in these two treated groups, the results being statistically significant when contrasted with the infected but untreated groups (p < .001 and < .05, respectively, for the 24-h and 8-day groups). However, histological examination of the antibiotic-treated and untreated specimens revealed significant inflammation and infection of the epididymis in both treated groups. Testicular alterations were consistent in both groups. It is concluded that epididymitis consequent to infection with E. coli can induce cytotoxic antibody formation in Lewis rats. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics may suppress the antibody response either through a direct immunosuppressive effect of the antibiotic or through a decrease in the antigenic load of killed sperm secondary to eradication of the infection.

Animals↗