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Biomedical subjects

S Masood

Publications and source records attributed to S Masood.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Human papillomavirus in prostatic cancer: no evidence found by in situ DNA hybridization.

Human papillomavirus has been associated with benign squamous tumors, intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive squamous cancer. The role of human papillomavirus as the most likely precursor of cervical dysplasia is well studied. We know of no available information as to the possible role of human papillomavirus in prostatic hyperplasia and cancer. We studied formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 20 cases of glandular hyperplasia and 20 cases of prostatic cancer by in situ DNA hybridization for human papillomavirus using commercially available biotinylated DNA probes detected by an avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. We found no evidence of DNA hybridization to human papillomavirus-6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, or -35 in prostate tissue. Our results show no association between prostatic cancer or hyperplasia and the human papillomavirus genomes that were studied.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Application of estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay to aspirates from mammographically guided fine needle biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions.

The importance of hormone receptors in the management and prognosis of breast cancer is well established, but difficult to apply to the growing numbers of very small breast cancers being detected. To assess the feasibility of applying estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) to cytologic specimens, we prospectively studied 100 patients who had fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of mammographically detected nonpalpable breast lesions. All 100 patients also had surgical excision of these nonpalpable lesions immediately after cytologic aspiration. Twenty malignancies were ultimately diagnosed by histology; 17 of them had been cytologically diagnosed. Using specific monoclonal antibody for estrogen receptor, we applied ER-ICA to cytologic preparation of 15 malignant neoplasms with sufficient cellular material available for the assay. Positive immunostaining was demonstrated in nine cases. No ER expression was seen in six cases. Immunocytochemical assay was also done on frozen tissue of the corresponding surgically removed tumors, with 86.6% concordance between the two results. This study is the first to demonstrate that ER-ICA can be effective in assessing hormone receptor content of mammographically directed cytologic aspirates.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Low nm23 protein expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas correlates with reduced patient survival.

Protein levels corresponding to nm23 were determined in normal and neoplastic breast tissues by immunoperoxidase staining. Nm23 protein levels were highest in normal breast epithelium, and lower in intraductal carcinomas. Based on nm23 staining, 39 infiltrating ductal carcinomas were separated into two groups: tumors with homogeneously high nm23 protein content, and tumors with low staining in either a homogeneous or heterogeneous pattern. Patients with low nm23 staining tumors, determined by three pathologists independently, had reduced survival times (alpha = 0.034, alpha = 0.012, alpha = 0.052 by the log rank test). Nm23 expression approached significance as an independent predictor of survival in Cox's proportional hazards model. The data provide the first correlation of low nm23 protein expression and reduced breast carcinoma patient survival.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Prospective evaluation of radiologically directed fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions.

The application of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions was evaluated with a new method which uses standard needle localization under mammographic guidance to assure accurate sampling by FNAB. This method was prospectively applied to 100 mammographically detected breast lesions in 100 women (mean age, 53 years). All 100 patients underwent surgical excision of these nonpalpable lesions after cytologic aspiration. Sufficient aspirated material was obtained for cytologic diagnosis from 91 patients (91%). The histologic and cytologic interpretations were then compared. Twenty malignancies were ultimately diagnosed by histology (12 invasive ductal carcinoma, six ductal carcinoma in situ, and two lobular carcinoma in situ), of which 17 had been cytologically diagnosed. There were no false-positive diagnoses of malignancy by FNAB. False-negative readings (3.3%) included two cases of lobular carcinoma in situ and one case of ductal carcinoma in situ. This technique thus demonstrated a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 100%, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 96.7% for the nonsurgical detection of malignancy in nonpalpable breast lesions. These results suggest that the established safety, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of FNAB can be maintained in this clinical setting. This procedure may obviate the need for open surgical biopsy in those patients with an unequivocal diagnosis of malignancy. It can also be done using standard techniques and equipment available in many community hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Extragenital granuloma inguinale mimicking a soft-tissue neoplasm: a case report and review of the literature.

Granuloma inguinale has been reported to mimic squamous cell carcinoma, as well as sexually transmitted diseases. We describe a rare case of extragenital granuloma inguinale that mimicked a soft tissue neoplasm in an 18-year-old pregnant woman who presented with cervical and labial ulcers. An elective cesarean section was performed, at which time a retroperitoneal mass that involved the right ureter was found. At frozen section, the mass had a xanthogranulomatous appearance consistent with a soft-tissue neoplasm. Special stains of the permanent sections revealed the pathognomic features of granuloma inguinale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Potential value of hormone receptor assay in carcinoma in situ of breast.

The estrogen receptor (ER) expression of invasive breast cancer has been extensively studied both biochemically and with specific monoclonal antibodies against ER. Relatively few studies have attempted to characterize ER pattern in breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) and in other premalignant lesions. In the current study, the authors investigated the pattern of ER expression in 62 cases of breast CIS, 30 of which had a component of invasive cancer, and 36 cases of atypical hyperplasia. Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed breast tissue underwent enzyme pretreatment to expose nuclear antigenic sites as previously described. Breast tissues then underwent estrogen immunocytochemical assay using specific monoclonal antibodies (Abbott Laboratory, Chicago, IL). The cases were evaluated for heterogeneity, intensity of staining, and percentage of ER-positive cells. An attempt was made to study the relation between the pattern of ER expression, nuclear pleomorphism, and type of CIS. The results of ER immunocytochemical assay showed positive nuclear staining for ER in 75% of the CIS, 73% of CIS with invasive cancer, and 100% of atypical hyperplasias. ER expression in CIS agreed with that in the invasive carcinoma in 29 of 30 cases. This study also suggests that comedocarcinoma has a higher incidence of negative ER expression than the other types of CIS, particularly when it is associated with significant nuclear pleomorphism. There was no significant difference in ER tumor heterogeneity between premalignant and malignant lesions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Effects of hyperoxia in the presence of acute lung injury.

We employed a multiple-dose, oleic acid (OA) model to evaluate the susceptibility to oxygen toxicity of rabbits with acute lung injury (ALI). The rabbits were partitioned into four groups: ALI group (n = 8) received OA (0.04 ml/kg iv) and again at two consecutive 24-h intervals and breathed room air (RA); hyperoxic O2/ALI group (n = 8) underwent similar OA injection protocol and breathed an FIO2 greater than or equal to 0.96; oxygen group (n = 8) received identical injection protocol with normal saline (NS) and breathed an FIO2 greater than or equal to 0.96; and control (CTR) group (n = 5) received isovolume NS injections and breathed RA. Arterial blood pH and gas tensions were measured before and 24, 48, and 60 h after ALI. Surviving animals were killed at 72 h and body weight (BW) was determined at autopsy; then the lungs were removed and weighed (LW). The mortality for animals exposed to hyperoxia was significantly (p less than or equal to .02) greater than those breathing RA, regardless of the presence or absence of ALI. Blood pH was lower (p less than or equal to .05) in all animals but the CTR group. However, acidemia was significantly greater in both hyperoxic groups compared to animals in the CTR and ALI/RA. Inflation and deflation lung-thorax compliances were lower (p less than or equal to .05) and percent lung weight of terminal body weight (LW/BW) was higher (p less than or equal to .05) after hyperoxia with or without ALI compared to CTR animals regardless of FIO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Potential value of estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay in formalin-fixed breast tumors.

Sixty-two primary breast carcinomas were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER) by both the dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) technique and estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) on cryostat and permanent sections. Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed breast tissue underwent DNase pretreatment to expose the nuclear antigenic site as described by P. Shintaku and J. H. Said (Am J Clin Pathol 87:161, 1987). The results of immunocytochemical staining agreed with those of the DCC biochemical assay in 89% of paraffin-sectioned tissue and in 94% of the cryostat sections. Comparison of the results of ER-ICA on permanent and frozen sections showed 85% agreement (kappa statistic = 0.704). This study suggests that ER can be demonstrated immunocytochemically on paraffin-sectioned breast tissue. However, although highly specific, immunoperoxidase determination on paraffin-embedded tissue is less sensitive than that on frozen tissue. The commercial source of DNase, length of incubation, and tissue fixation are important factors in the demonstration of ER immunoreactivity. The assay may offer an alternative for assessment of ER when tissue is not suitable or available for biochemical assay or conventional cytochemical analysis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Potential value of immunoperoxidase technique in assessment of genital herpes.

Cervicovaginal smears from 86 patients with suspicious genital herpes were screened by routine Papanicolaou stain. The slides were then destained and restained by a commercial immunoperoxidase kit for the detection of herpes simplex virus. Results were compared with standard viral cultures performed on the same lesions. A statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed between the results of Papanicolaou-stained cytology and the immunoperoxidase technique. This study suggests that the immunoperoxidase technique is a rapid and reliable method of confirming a suspected diagnosis of herpetic infection. It is particularly useful in those patients without prenatal care who present in early labor when a rapid diagnostic test is required.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Clinical correlation of hormone receptor status in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels were measured in ovarian epithelial carcinomas from 37 patients using a dextran-coated charcoal assay prior to any treatment. Sixty-eight percent of the tumors were ER positive, forty-nine percent were PR positive, forty-one percent were positive for both receptors, and twenty-seven percent were negative for both receptors. Receptor status in epithelial ovarian carcinomas was found to have no clinical significance when correlated with age, parity, race, cigarette smoking, surgical stage, histologic type, histologic grade, progression-free interval, or patient survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of monoclonal antibody for assessment of estrogen receptor content in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimen from patients with breast cancer.

With increasing emphasis on application of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for an earlier detection of breast cancer, there is clearly a need for a method that requires only a small number of tumor cells for hormone receptor analysis. An immunocytochemical assay utilizing monoclonal antiestrophilin antibody and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique has been shown to be highly specific and sensitive for the detection of estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer tissues. To assess the usefulness of this technique in FNAB, 62 cases of primary, recurrent, and metastatic breast cancers were studied. The findings from the aspirated cells employing estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) were compared with results obtained from cell population of the same tumors following their removal using both cytochemical (ER-ICA) and biochemical (dextran-coated charcoal assay) methods for ER determination. Overall, there was a 92% concordance between biochemical and cytochemical results. This result suggests that anti-ER monoclonal antibody in immunocytochemical analysis is an effective tool in assessment of ER content in breast cancers. The technique can be easily performed at community hospitals and is well suited for specimens of insufficient size for biochemical assay. It may extend the scope of FNAB and make ER studies possible on material unsuitable for biochemical assay from sites other than breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The potential value of mammographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions.

Nonpalpable breast lesions in 20 female patients were prospectively evaluated with a new technique of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) under mammographic guidance. The patient age range was 37-82 years (mean: 60 years), and the mammographic indications for biopsy were microcalcifications (30%), mass (30%), mass with calcifications (25%), and asymmetric density (15%). Seven (35%) patients had significant risk factors for breast cancer. Prototype coaxial 19-gauge/22-gauge and 18-gauge/20-gauge needle systems (Cook, Inc., Bloomington, IN) were used for localization and biopsy. The technique involved needle localization of the target lesion with FNAB performed through the localizing needle after radiologic confirmation of position. A localizing wire then was inserted to allow each patient to proceed directly to the operating room for a standard needle localization open biopsy. Successful localization and aspiration was possible in 18 (90%) patients. Surgical excision was performed in all 20 patients and confirmed by specimen radiography in 17 (85%). A significant concordance of 94 per cent was found between the histologic results of the open biopsy specimens and the cytologic findings of aspirated specimens. These findings suggest that mammographically guided FNAB may offer a safe, reliable, and cost-effective alternative to open biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions. Further study of this procedure is warranted to confirm its potential in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The potential value of imprint cytology in cytochemical localization of steroid hormone receptors in ovarian cancer.

Steroid hormone receptors were studied in 45 patients with primary, recurrent, or metastatic ovarian cancer in cryostat-frozen sections and imprint preparations. The ligands, 17 B-estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxine-bovine serum albumin fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-BSA estradiol) and hydroxyprogesteronehemisuccinate bovine serum albumin tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TMRITC-BSA progesterone) were used in the fluorescent cytochemical method. Results were compared with standard dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) biochemical assay. An overall significant correlation between biochemical values and cytochemical results was found. However, the imprint results were more sensitive and more specific than the frozen section results. A statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed between touch preparation material and frozen section specimens by the fluorescent method.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Use of monoclonal antibodies in immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer specimens from 45 patients were assayed for the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) utilizing highly specific monoclonal antiestrophilin antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Results were compared with the conventional ER determination of the dextran charcoal method (DCC) and were in concordance in 91% of cases. This technique was also used to analyze ER in fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen from four patients with metastatic ovarian tumor. These results suggest that antireceptor monoclonal antibody in immunohistochemical analysis is an effective tool in the evaluation of estrogen receptor content in ovarian cancer. This technique can be easily performed at community hospitals and may be extended to the evaluation of fine needle aspiration biopsies and to analyze specimens of insufficient size for biochemical assay.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The value of imprint cytology in cytochemical detection of steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer.

Steroid hormone receptors were studied in 42 patients with primary, recurrent or metastatic breast cancer in cryostat frozen section and imprint preparations. The ligands, 17 B-estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxine-bovine serum album fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-BSA estradiol) and hydroxyprogesterone-hemisuccinate bovine serum album tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TMRITC-BSA progesterone) were used in the fluorescent cytochemical method. Results were compared with standard dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) biochemical assay. Overall, significant correlation between biochemical values and cytochemical fluorescence results was found. However, the imprint results were more sensitive and more specific than the frozen section results. A statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed between touch preparation material and frozen section specimens by the fluorescent method.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Brain heterotopia and anencephaly.

This report describes the finding of nodular collections of heterotopic brain tissue in the lungs of a stillborn anencephalic infant. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed on the nodules and on the neural tissue found at the infant's cranial defect, for neuron-specific enolase, glial-fibrillary acidic protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and epithelial membrane antigen. The nodules were shown to consist of neurons and neuroglia. Epithelium-lined channels within the nodules were shown to have the same staining characteristics as bronchi and bronchioles in the lung, and to be different from ependyma. To our knowledge, ours is the first report of immunoperoxidase techniques being used to objectively characterize the makeup of the lesions in a case of brain heterotopia.

Anencephaly↗