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Biomedical subjects

S Maruyama

Publications and source records attributed to S Maruyama.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Mouse colitis induced by Escherichia coli producing Yersinia enterocolitica 60-kilodalton heat-shock protein: light and electron microscope study.

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), heat-shock protein (Hsp) 60 has been detected in serum and the intestinal tract. Our mouse colitis model was established using Escherichia coli transformed with Yersinia enterocolitica Hsp60 gene as an immunizing antigen, and examined light and electron microscopically as compared with lesions of UC. The large intestine of mice injected with Hsp60 antigen showed swollen goblet cells, glandular dilation, erosion, ulceration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The change like crypt abscesses was also found, and various phases of inflammation were observed simultaneously in individual mice. In addition, the reticulum fibers were absent ultrastructurally in the subepithelial reticular layer. Hyperplasia of the thymus was found in antigen-treated mice. These lesions were similar to those of UC. These results suggest that UC-like enteritis in mice was induced by using Hsp60, considered as one of the pathogens for UC.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The significance of hypothermic acid-base management induced before ischemia in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

We investigated the effects of acid-base management during pre- and intra-ischemic hypothermia on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and infarct volume using a transient focal cerebral ischemia model. Normal temperature was maintained in a group of 7 anesthetized rats, and hypothermia (30 degrees C) was maintained in two other groups of 7 anesthetized rats, in which alpha-stat (PaCO2 measured at 37 degrees C was maintained at 36 mmHg) and pH-stat (PaCO2 corrected for body temperature was maintained at 36 mmHg) conditions, respectively, were established. rCBF was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry in the ischemic penumbra. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 2 h and then reperfused. Infarct volume was measured after 24 h and expressed as a percentage of hemisphere volume. Pre-ischemic hypothermia reduced rCBF in the alpha-stat group and the pH-stat group to 52 +/- 2% and 86 +/- 7%, respectively (p < 0.01). After MCA occlusion, rCBF dropped in the control group, alpha-stat group, and pH-stat group to 57 +/- 11%, 31 +/- 9%, 27 +/- 10%, respectively. Infarct volume in the alpha-stat group, and pH-stat group was significantly smaller (10 +/- 1% and 7 +/- 2%) than in the control group (42 +/- 7%, p < 0.01), but no differences were found between the hypothermic groups. Differences in acid-base management in the present study did not affect infarct volume, but pre-ischemic rCBF in the alpha-stat group was significantly lower than in the pH-stat group. The steeper fall in rCBF after MCA occlusion in the pH-stat group suggested that the autoregulatory response of the collateral pathways may have been reduced in this group.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1998

Isolation of HIV-1 protease-inhibiting peptides from thermolysin hydrolysate of oyster proteins.

The peptides inhibiting HIV-1 protease were isolated from the hydrolysate of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) proteins prepared with thermolysin. The amino acid sequences of the peptides were determined as Leu-Leu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Ile and Leu-Leu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Leu. These sequences exist in some proteins of variola major virus or human cytomegalovirus. Chemically synthesized Leu-Leu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Ile and Leu-Leu-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Leu showed IC50 values of 20 and 15 nM, respectively, and behaved as competitive inhibitors for HIV-1 protease with Ki values of 13 and 10 nM, respectively. These peptides were more potent as an HIV-1 protease inhibitor than pepstatin A.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Production of bacteriocin-like-substance by Listeria innocua against Listeria monocytogenes.

Cultures and culture filtrates of 129 Listeria innocua strains were examined for inhibitory activity against 18 strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Of the strains examined, 114 (88.4%) cultures and 126 (97.7%) culture filtrates had an inhibitory activity against strains of L. monocytogenes and most filtrates were sensitive to trypsin treatment. The authors concluded that most L. innocua strains produce a trypsin sensitive bacteriocin-like substance against L. monocytogenes.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1998

Low level of mixing of partner cells seen in extrathymic T cells in the liver and intestine of parabiotic mice: its biological implication.

c-kit+ stem cells have recently been found in the liver and intestine of adult mice. We examined whether such stem cells give rise to extrathymic T cells in these organs in situ. To this end, we used parabiotic B6.Ly5.1 and B6.Ly5.2 mice, i.e. mice sharing the circulation. The origin of lymphocytes was identified by anti-Ly5.1 and anti-Ly5.2 monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with immunofluorescence assays. Lymphocytes in the blood, spleen, lymph nodes and liver had become a half-and-half mixture of Ly5.1+ and Ly5.2+ cells in both individuals by day 14. However, this level of mixing decreased in extrathymic T cells in the liver (i.e. NK T cells) and intestine by day 14 and thereafter. The same was observed in T cells of the thymus. The data from immunohistochemical staining supported the results of immunofluorescence assays for suspension cells. The present results raise the possibility that extrathymic T cells in the liver and intestine may arise from their own pre-existing precursor cells, possibly from their own stem cells. Another important finding was that the composition pattern of lymphocyte subsets in one individual was quite similar to that in its partner at various sites. This result was interpreted to mean that only selected partner cells migrate to specific sites in the other partner individual.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A clinicopathological investigation on superficial early invasive carcinomas of the colon and rectum.

Due to recent advances in endoscopic surgical techniques, it has now become possible to perform endoscopic resection of most early invasive carcinomas of the colon and rectum (EIC) even if the lesions have invaded the submucosa. In the present study, we investigated the microscopic characteristics of superficial EIC compared with protruding-type EIC, focusing particular attention on histological type, the presence or absence of vascular invasion, the extent of submucosal invasion, and other adverse prognostic factors, to establish appropriate treatment strategies. Our findings led us to conclude that: (1) most cases of EIC can be cured by endoscopic resection if their gross aspects are classified as type IIc, superficial depressed, or type IIa, superficial elevated; (2) colorectal resection with lymph node dissection should be performed first for type IIa + IIc EIC because these lesions are apt to be associated with a large number of adverse prognostic factors; (3) subsequent colorectal resection should be performed after initial endoscopic treatment of EIC if there are adverse prognostic indicators of metastasis in the endoscopically resected specimen, such as moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, or extensive submucosal invasion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Significance of "hands-on training" in laparoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to investigate the role and significance of a hand-on program designed to teach laparoscopic skills. METHODS: The course consisted of 3 half days. In vitro training in suturing and knot tying was covered on the 1st half day, and live animal surgery on the 2nd and 3rd half days, respectively. In vitro suturing and knot tying of the 15 course participants were video-recorded and analyzed four times during the course, basing on the time required to mount a needle in the needle driver (M), driving the needle in a rubber glove (D), and knot tying (T). RESULTS: Laparoscopic skills which require two-hand coordination (M, T) were significantly improved by hands-on training. Needle driving skill appeared to be essentially the same as that needed for open surgery. CONCLUSION: Hands-on training is an effective format particularly for laparoscopic skills in which two-hand coordination is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Outbreak of severe infection due to adenovirus type 7 in a paediatric ward in Japan.

Between November 1996 and January 1997, 14 patients were diagnosed as having infection caused by adenovirus type 7 in a paediatric ward of Asahikawa Kosei Hospital. The age range of the patients was from two months to five years. Their diseases and abnormal laboratory findings were pneumonia in all 14, leukocytopenia in 10, myositis in nine, gastroenteritis in eight, encephalitis in five, liver dysfunction in three, pleuritis in two, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone syndrome in two, and thrombocytopenia in two. The infected patients, except for the first had been hospitalized in the paediatric ward for treatment of another disease and re-admitted because of high fever and coughing a few days after improvement or discharge. It is thought that the cause of the outbreak was hospital-acquired infection.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1998

Interferon-induced anosmia in a patient with chronic hepatitis C.

We report a patient with chronic active hepatitis C developing acute anosmia during interferon (IFN) therapy. On July 31, he began receiving 6 MU of IFN-alpha daily. On September 26, he failed to smell gas leaking from a gas cooker, so IFN therapy was discontinued. He showed no reaction on a standard olfactory acuity test. As the patient had borderline diabetes, the association of anosmia with impaired glucose tolerance cannot completely be excluded, but his anosmia was probably induced by IFN therapy, since anosmia developed 10 days after the initiation of the IFN therapy, without any deterioration of his glucose intolerance.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Result of antibiotic therapy for children with Escherichia coli O26:H11 infection].

Between the end of November 1996 and the beginning of March 1997, there was an outbreak of Escherichia coli O26:H11 infection in Asahikawa. The strain produced only verotoxin type 1. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (microgram/ml) of the strain under aerobic condition and those of anaerobic were as follows: chloramphenicol (1.56, 0.78), minocycline (12.5, 3.13), kanamycin (3.13, 25), ampicillin (> 100, > 100), fosfomycin (12.5, 1.56), norfloxacin (0.1, 0.1), and cefaclor (6.25, 3.13). Forty-one episodes of antibiotic therapy to 32 children, who were treated in Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, Asahikawa Municipal Hospital, and Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, were evaluated bacteriologically. In 26 episodes treated with fosfomycin, the pathogen from stools of 19 were eradicated, 4 were not eradicated, and 3 were isolated again within 2 weeks after the cessation of therapy. Eight episodes treated with norfloxacin and 5 episodes in kanamycin were all eradicated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Study on bacteremia due to community-acquired infection in infants and children without underlying diseases].

Between July 1988 and June 1998, 22 pediatric patients without underlying diseases were diagnosed as bacteremia caused by community-acquired infection in Asahikawa Kosei Hospital. The age range of the patients was from 7 days to 4 years. Their diseases were meningitis in 6, urinary tract infection in 6, respiratory tract infection in 4, skin infection in 2, and unknown origin in 4. The causative organisms were Escherichia coli in 7, Haemophilus influenzae in 4, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 4, Staphylococcus aureus in 2, Streptococcus pyogenes in 1, Streptococcus agalactiae in 1, Listeria monocytogenes in 1, Moraxella catarrhalis in 1, and Rahnella aquatilis in 1. Though 21 patients recovered with antimicrobial treatment, only one patient with H. influenzae meningitis had lateral deafness and paresis in the lower limbs as sequelae.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1998

[Serratia marcescens brain abscess in a newborn].

The patient was born by emergency cesarean section for fetal distress at 35 weeks gestation with a weight of 2740 g. The early neonatal course was complicated by transient tachypnea and renal failure. He was receiving oxygen and diureticus in incubator for 5 days and his condition was very improved on day 5. On day 7 he became lethargy and there was inability to tolerate feeding. Investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed 8,000 leukocytes/microliter. S. marcescens was grown from cultures of both blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment was started with cefotaxime and ampicillin every 6 hour. On day 14 the CT showed a brain abscess located parietooccipitally on the left side and diffuse infarction on the right side. On day 14 and 23 recurrence of increased leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, high values of serum CRP and deterioration of clinical symptoms were observed. It is thought that the episodes show rupture of the abscess into the lateral ventricle. On day 55 surgical drainage was performed for the hydrocephalus. On day 110 the abscess was not found in the brain CT scan. His psychomotor development 3 years later was equivalent to two years old and he had secondary epilepsy.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1998

Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii infections among pet cats in Kanagawa and Saitama Prefectures.

Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii was investigated among 471 pet cats obtained from seven private animal hospitals in Kanagawa and Saitama Prefectures during the period from May 1994 to June 1995. 'Furthermore, 67 randomly selected from the 471 serum samples were examined for the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibody and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen. The antibody to B. henselae was examined by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. T. gondii, FIV and FeLV infections in cats were detected with respective commercial kits. Of the cat serum samples tested, 43 (9.1%) were found to be seropositive for B. henselae and 41 (8.7%) for T. gondii. The B. henselae-positive rate (12.9%) of male cats was significantly higher than that (5.2%) of female cats. On the other hand, T. gondii-positive rate was 9.1% in male and 8.7% in female cats and there was no significant difference in the positivity between sexes. The positive rate in each hospital varied from 0 to 19.5% for B. henselae and 4.9 to 18.8% for T. gondii. The ages of B. henselae- and T. gondii-positive cats were distributed from < 1-year-old to 14-year-old and the seropositivity increased with age of cats. Of the 67 cat serum samples, 16 and 6 cases were positive for FIV and FeLV, respectively. There was no relationship between these viral and B. henselae infections in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Lifestyle and periodontal health status of Japanese factory workers.

The present study investigated the association of lifestyles to periodontal health status of workers in a manufacturing company in Japan. In a annual health checkup, periodontal health status was assessed by using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) criteria and analysed by modified Miller's CPI score. Lifestyle information was also obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship between lifestyle and oral health care variables and 2 indicators of periodontal health status. These were the modified Miller's CPI score and the probability of subjects in the upper 25th percentile of CPI distribution as an indicator of poor periodontal health. The modified Miller's CPI score was found to increase with age, but to vary according to the workers' lifestyles. In bivariate analyses, significant variables were age, smoking, alcohol consumption, toothbrushing frequency, toothbrushing method, and use of interdental cleaners. In multivariate analyses, age, smoking, and use of interdental cleaners had significantly independent effects. Amount of smoking or alcohol consumption was associated with periodontal health status. Excessive use of alcohol may contribute to the development of periodontal disease, although further investigations are required to confirm this finding. The data from this study indicate that lifestyles which include smoking and insufficient oral health care have an independent association with periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Marginal branch of the facial nerve in submandibular dissection for T2 lingual carcinomas].

Lingual carcinomas were found in the early stages. However, even with early detection carcinomas may show lymph node metastasis in the neck, and this may play an important role in their outcome. For this reason, neck dissection is the treatment of choice for T2 lingual carcinomas. A surgical technique of submandibular dissection preserving the mandibular branch of the facial nerve has been done in our department for the past 3 years. The effectiveness of this technique was studied by means of histopathological investigations of superficial nodes that were included in fatty tissues together with the mandibular branch. The conclusions are as follows; 1. No lymph node metastasis was observed histopathologically in superficial fatty tissues that contained the mandibular branch in any of the 26 cases of T2 lingual carcinomas. 2. In 8 cases of those 26, lymph node metastasis was found histopathologically in deep submandibular tissues resected during neck dissection. Even in these 8 cases, however, no metastasis was ditected in the superficial lymph nodes. 3. CH40(activated carbon particle) was injected into the lateral surface of the mobile tongue and its uptake into the submandibular lymph nodes were investigated in 10 cases of N(-) head and neck carcinomas. CH40 was detected in none of the superficial lymph node. 4. These results indicate that early lingual carcinomas localizing in the lateral surface of the tongue do not metastasize into the superficial lymph nodes of the submandibular region, and that our surgical technique of submandibular dissection is useful for T2 lingual carcinomas.

Facial Nerve↗