Biomedical subjects

S Marmor

Publications and source records attributed to S Marmor.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Establishment and characterization of a pancreatic carcinoma cell line derived from malignant pleural effusion.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A novel cell line, designated p34, was developed from the malignant pleural effusion of a patient with carcinoma of pancreas. The objective of this work was to characterize this cell line. METHOD: The in vitro studies included karyotype analysis, immunohistochemistry, XTT cell proliferation assay, analysis of the cell cycle by FACS and cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs and irradiation. Subcutaneous and intra-spleen inoculations into nude mice were carried out to study the tumorigenicity and the metastatic tendency of this cell line. RESULTS: The p34 cell line showed typical morphological characteristics of epithelial pancreatic tumor cells. The cells were hyperdiploid with a modal number of 48, and had two markers, deletion in the short arm of chromosome 2 and duplication of the short arm of chromosome 8. The doubling time was 16 h. Subcutaneous inoculation of the cells into nude mice yielded 100% tumorigenicity, and intra-spleen inoculation resulted in extensive intra-abdominal spread. The antiproliferative effect of chemotherapy (gemcitabine, cisplatin, taxol and vinorelbine), chemopreventive agents (celecoxib and curcumin) and radiotherapy showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: This p34 cell line can be used as a new model for studying various aspects of the biology of human pancreatic cancer and potential treatment approaches for the disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

[Not Available].

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Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Lung cancer in patients with HIV infection: is it AIDS-related?

HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of malignancy, especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Recently, several workers have noted a raised prevalence of lung cancer in HIV-positive subjects. We describe the diagnosis and clinical course for four HIV-seropositive patients who presented with lung cancer. All of the patients were young and were heavy smokers. They were all on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), although the adherence varied from poor to excellent. The CD4 cell counts of these patients ranged from 200 to 686 cells/microL and their viral loads ranged from undetectable to 29,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. After initial diagnosis of HIV infection between 5 and 13 years previously, they all presented with advanced lung cancer, with a very short clinical course, and all four died within 2-9 months of diagnosis. A comparison of the incidence of lung cancer in patients with HIV infection at our centre with that in the general population suggests that there is an increased prevalence in the HIV-infected patients. We review the literature and discuss whether lung cancer in HIV infection is coincidental or related to the primary disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Biochemical characterization of a phosphinate inhibitor of Escherichia coli MurC.

The bacterial UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine ligase (MurC) from Escherichia coli, an essential, cytoplasmic peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzyme, catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of L-alanine (Ala) and UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (UNAM) to form UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine (UNAM-Ala). The phosphinate inhibitor 1 was designed and prepared as a multisubstrate/transition state analogue. The compound exhibits mixed-type inhibition with respect to all three enzyme substrates (ATP, UNAM, Ala), suggesting that this compound forms dead-end complexes with multiple enzyme states. Results from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies supported these findings as exothermic binding was observed under conditions with free enzyme (K(d) = 1.80-2.79 microM, 95% CI), enzyme saturated with ATP (K(d) = 0.097-0.108 microM, 95% CI), and enzyme saturated with the reaction product ADP (K(d) = 0.371-0.751 microM, 95% CI). Titrations run under conditions of saturating UNAM or the product UNAM-Ala did not show heat effects consistent with competitive compound binding to the active site. The potent binding affinity observed in the presence of ATP is consistent with the inhibitor design and the proposed Ordered Ter-Ter mechanism for this enzyme; however, the additional binding pathways suggest that the inhibitor can also serve as a product analogue.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2001

Inhibitors of the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis enzyme MurC.

A series of phosphinate transition-state analogues of the L-alanine adding enzyme (MurC) of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis was prepared and tested as inhibitors of the Escherichia coli enzyme. Compound 4 was identified as a potent inhibitor of MurC from Escherichia coli with an IC(50) of 49nM.

Cell Wall↗

PubMed2001

Correlation between c-erbB-4 receptor expression and response to gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: While the overexpression of c-erbB gene family in several malignancies is associated with poorer prognosis, the association between the expression of the cellular markers and the response to chemotherapy is not yet clear. In this study we investigated the expression of c-erbB-4 receptor in NSCLC and correlated it with the response to gemcitabine-cisplatin combination chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-three NSCLC patients with histologically or cytologically proven disease were treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin combination chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical stains for c-erbB-4 receptor were performed in 20 cases on paraffin sections using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. RESULTS: Two patients achieved complete response (5%), and 16 achieved partial response (37%) yielding an overall objective response rate of 42%. Minimal response was observed in seven patients (16%) and disease stabilization in 7%. Immunohistochemical stain was positive for the presence of c-erbB-4 receptor in 25% of patients, and negative in 75%. No response was documented in c-erbB-4 positive patients (0 of 5) while an objective response (complete, partial or minimal) was seen in 11 of 15 (73%) c-erbB-4 negative patients. Negative stain for c-erbB-4 significantly favored response to gemcitabine-cisplatin combination (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: C-erbB-4 expression status showed no correlation with survival and cannot be accepted at this time as a guiding factor for therapeutic management. These interesting results deserve further evaluation in a large-scale prospective trial before treatment recommendations on the basis of c-erbB-4 presence can be finally made.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

DNA amplification for the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease in small-quantity clinical specimens.

Diagnosis of cat-scratch disease (CSD) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of lymph node fineneedle aspiration (FNA) and primary lesion specimens can be difficult owing to the minute amount of available material. A PCR assay specifically suited to test these specimens was developed. First, small-quantity (10 microL) samples were prepared from 17 CSD-positive and 16 CSD-negative specimens, and DNA extraction and amplification from these samples were compared using 3 methods. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR were 100% using material collected on glass microscope slides and by using Qiagen (Hilden, Germany) columns for DNA extraction. Then, this method was used to test 11 archival glass microscope slides of FNA (7 malignant neoplasms, 4 undiagnosed lymphadenitis) and 2 primary lesion specimens. Two of the 4 lymphadenitis samples and the 2 primary lesion specimens were PCR positive. The technique presented could facilitate CSD diagnosis from a wider range of clinical samples.

Bartonella henselae↗

PubMed2001

TB or not TB: cavitary bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis.

Two patients with subacute symptoms and signs compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) had right upper lobe cavitary infiltrates shown on chest radiography. In both patients, purified protein derivative and microbiologic testing excluded TB, and tissue examination yielded typical histologic changes of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Glucocorticoid therapy led to clinical and radiologic resolution. Though probably rare in this situation, BOOP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with clinical and radiologic features of pulmonary TB.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Pleuropulmonary metastasis from an intracranial glioblastoma.

We present an unusual case of glioblastoma with intrathoracic and liver metastasis. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by a percutaneous core needle biopsy from a metastatic lung lesion. The pathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of the case are discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1995

Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors reduce bowel ischemia-induced lung permeability and neutrophil sequestration.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the development of lung injury after bowel ischemia, and the ability of TNF-soluble receptors to negate TNF toxicity, using a rat small bowel ischemia and reperfusion model. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled laboratory study. SETTING: Research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 300 g. INTERVENTIONS: The rats were divided equally into four groups: a) ischemia and reperfusion alone; b) those animals receiving TNF antibodies (1 mL) before reperfusion; and c) those animals receiving 200 micrograms of human recombinant TNF soluble receptors. These 30 anesthetized rats underwent 60 mins of superior mesenteric artery occlusion per 4 hrs of reperfusion. The remaining ten animals were sham operated (laparotomy), serving as controls. Lung permeability was measured using bovine serum albumin labeled with 125I, and organ injury was assessed histologically. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty and 60 mins after declamping and reperfusion, plasma TNF concentrations increased to 830 +/- 66 and 173 +/- 56 pg/mL, respectively, compared with 10 pg/mL before ischemia (p < .001). In sham-operated control rats, TNF concentrations did not increase from baseline concentrations. Four hours after reperfusion, sequestration of neutrophils in the pulmonary microcirculation was noted (319 +/- 60 vs. 84 +/- 13 neutrophils/10 high-power fields in sham-operated rats [p < .04]). Pulmonary microvascular leak also occurred, as measured by translocation of radiolabeled albumin into the bronchoalveolar space and expressed as the ratio of bronchoalveolar lavage to blood concentrations. This ratio was 5.3 +/- 0.8 in ischemic control animals compared with 1.1 +/- 0.3 in sham animals (p < .03). Treatment with antibodies to TNF before reperfusion attenuated the pulmonary injury (75 +/- 6 neutrophils/10 high-power fields, permeability index 1.6 +/- 0.1) less than in ischemic controls (p < .005). A similar protection was achieved with soluble TNF receptors, which prevented bowel ischemia-induced lung neutrophil sequestration (117 +/- 35 neutrophils/10 high-power fields, pulmonary vascular leak ratio of 2.3 +/- 0.1, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the intestine in rats produce lung injury. This injury is mediated, at least in part, by TNF. Soluble TNF receptors are an effective tool in preventing lung TNF injury after intestinal ischemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Haemangiomas of the breast in children.

Capillary hemangioma of the breast parenchyma is a rare finding in the pediatric age group. The condition was diagnosed in two children, aged 18 months and three years. Such lesions have occasionally been found during histologic surveys among asymptomatic adult women. Although vascular tumors in the adult breast are often found to be sarcomatous, the pediatric lesion is benign and responds well to simple excision.

Breast↗

PubMed1992

Alveolar haemorrhage with pleural effusion as a manifestation of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma.

A 22 year old male was admitted with haemoptysis. A chest X-ray showed bilateral confluent alveolar infiltrates. Bronchoscopy revealed blood oozing from all bronchopulmonary segments. Open lung biopsy disclosed bilateral effusions and large necrotizing nodules with pleural adhesions. Histological examination showed tumour cells, which were negative to epithelial and embryogenic markers but positive to factor VIII. This confirmed the diagnosis of an epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. This rare tumour, usually has an indolent course, whereas in our case it was complicated by alveolar and intrapleural bleeding.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Photochemical and ligand-exchange properties of the cyanide complex of fully reduced cytochrome c oxidase.

Cytochrome oxidase, in its fully reduced state, forms a complex with CN having a Kd of 230 microM with a stoicheiometry of 1 CN molecule per cytochrome oxidase. We do not detect a second CN-binding site as seen by i.r. spectroscopy [Yoshikawa & Caughey (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 7945-7958]. The ferrocytochrome a3-CN complex, like the analogous ferrocytochrome a3-CO complex, is photosensitive but with a 15-fold lower quantum yield for photolysis. Analysis of the recombination kinetics after CN photolysis establishes a simple bimolecular binding constant of 235 M-1.s-1, in agreement with the value obtained from stopped-flow studies [Antonini, Brunori, Greenwood, Malmström & Rotillo (1971) Eur. J. Biochem. 23, 396-400]. A rate of 0.07 s-1 for the first-order dissociation of CN from cytochrome a3 is found by the rate of exchange of CO with ferrocytochrome a3-CN, and is consistent with the value calculated from the equilibrium binding constant and the CN on rate. However, O2 is able to oxidize the fully reduced CN compound at a rate well in excess of the CN off rate. The product of this oxidation reaction is a partially reduced CN complex. This implies that O2 either promotes CN dissociation or is able to oxidize the CN-bound enzyme directly. These results are discussed in the context of the structure and dynamics of the ligand-binding site of cytochrome oxidase.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Plasmacytoma of the stomach.

A case of plasmacytoma of the stomach is described. The clinical presentation, diagnostic pitfalls and the treatment of this rare entity are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous core needle biopsy vs. fine needle aspiration in diagnosing benign lung lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) in comparison with fine needle aspiration (FNA) in patients with benign pulmonary lesions. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was undertaken of computed tomography-guided PCNBs and FNAs performed between 1988 and 1997. Both FNA and PCNB biopsies were carried out sequentially at the same visit in every patient. RESULTS: A specific benign diagnosis was made in 10/60 cases (16.7%) by FNA and in 49/60 (81.7%) by PCNB. PCNB findings resulted in significant modification of the diagnosis established by FNA. The only significant complication encountered was pneumothorax, at a rate of 11.7%, which is compatible with that reported in the literature for complications induced by FNA alone. CONCLUSION: Radiologically guided PCNB is a safe procedure, can provide sufficient histologic material for a specific diagnosis of peripheral lung disease and can avoid more-invasive surgical procedures in many cases. Our experience demonstrated that the histologic analysis provided by PCNB can greatly increase the diagnostic accuracy in benign pulmonary diseases as compared with the yield of FNA.

Adult↗