[Chief complaint and final diagnosis of middle- and high-aged outpatients].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Makinoda
Publications and source records attributed to S Makinoda.
[The importance of uterine vascular systems in the maintenance of pregnancy].
The mesometrial artery (MA), which is the final part of the uterine artery in guinea pig, supplies nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. Accompanying fetal growth, MA increases 8-fold in diameter, and 30- to 50-fold in weight, protein content and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content. The importance of MA in the maintenance of pregnancy was examined by comparing the proliferative rate of MA during pregnancy and abortion induced by antiprogesterone RU38486 30 mg/kg. MA was incubated in Medium 199 with 185kBq/ml 3H-thymidine for 4h and the rate of 3H-incorporation into MA was used as the proliferative rate. The proliferative rate of MA during the first trimester (day less than 20) was 2,825 +/- 1,036 Bq/mg.h, which is almost 100 times higher than the rate in diestrus animals. During the later course of pregnancy, the proliferative rate decreased logarithmically, being 352 +/- 58 (40 less than or equal to d less than 50), 158 +/- 23 (50 less than or equal to d less than 60) and 75 +/- 10 (60 less than or equal to d). The proliferative rate of MA was measured also in animals which received RU38486 30 mg/kg at 24-48 h prior to the measurement and whose fetuses were still alive. The proliferative rates of MA in such animals decreased markedly to 141 +/- 21 (40 less than or equal to d less than 50) and 37 +/- 8 (50 less than or equal to d less than 60) (p less than 0.01), which means that the proliferation of MA is reduced even before the death of the fetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
The effects of the proliferation of the radial arteries of the placenta on oxygen transport to the fetal guinea pig.
The adjustment of placental blood flow during pregnancy is related to progressive structual changes in the placental arteries. In guinea pig, massive growth has also been shown to be associated with widening of the uterine radial arteries. The rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation into uterine radial arteries during pregnancy was studied in guinea pig as a measure of local DNA synthesis. And the oxygen partial pressure was used to investigate how the oxygen transport is done between mother to fetus. During the first half of pregnancy, 3H-thymidine was incorporated at the rate of about 1,000 Bq/mg.h. The initial rate during pregnancy is similar to the rate observed during estrus. This observation suggest that the same factors stimulate DNA synthesis during gestation and estrus. The rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation per vessel length increased with the injected dose of estradiol benzoate. We suppose that estradiol is one of the control factors in DNA synthesis in uterine radial artery. The oxygen partial pressure in amniotic fluid was about 110 mmHg on various days of gestation and no significant changes were observed with time. For these reasons, estrogen is supposed to be one of the control factors in oxygen transport to fetus.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Ovarian blood flow and oxygen transport to the follicle during the preovulatory period.
The mechanism of ovulation, especially the mechanism of follicle rupture, is still uncertain. Ovarian blood flow, ovarian vessel morphology and oxygen transport to follicle were therefore studied during the preovulatory period. Japanese white rabbits, weighing 3.0-4.4 kg, were used as the experimental animal. Ovulation was induced by the administration of PMS (100 iu, IM) and hCG (100 iu, IV). The ovulation was observed at 10-13 h after hCG administration. Continuous measurement of ovarian blood flow was facilitated by the crossed-thermocouple inserted into the unilateral ovary. The variation of ovarian blood flow was expressed as the percentage ratio based on the post-mortem value ( = 0%) and the initial value prior to hCG administration ( = 100%). Histologic changes of ovarian blood vessels were observed at intervals of every 2 hours after hCG administration. Oxygen transport to follicle was compared at 7 and 12 h after hCG administration. The ovarian blood flow increased rapidly within 1 h following hCG administration. High percentage increases were demonstrated during 2 h to 5 h, showing a peak value of 155.3 +/- 12.7% at 3 h. The ovarian blood flow decreased gradually from 5 h to 8 h and then was maintained at about 110% after 8 h. The perifollicular and stromal vasodilatations were confirmed at 2 h and moderate dilatation was observed during 4 h to 6 h. At 10 h, just prior to ovulation, vasodilatation became most remarkable especially at the apical vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal period. A study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the perinatal co-research group].
Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in the perinatal period were carried out, and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. IPM/CS transfers to umbilical cord plasma and amniotic fluid were effective. Passage of IPM/CS into mother's milk was as little as with other beta-lactam antibiotics. 2. Among 81 patients with perinatal infections, clinical efficacies were excellent in 16 patients, good in 62, poor in 3, with an efficacy rate of 96.3%. In addition, IPM/CS was effective in 6 patients for prophylaxis. 3. Out of 82 isolates examined for bacterial responses, 69 isolates were eradicated and 8 isolates were decreased. Especially, of 13 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, 12 were eradicated. 4. In 109 patients administered with IPM/CS, vomiting was observed in 1 patient. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. 5. IPM/CS was an effective and safe new antibiotic in perinatal infections. We recommend a normal dose of IPM/CS of 0.5 g/0.5 g twice a day and a dose for severe infections of 1 g/1 g twice a day in the perinatal period.
Amniotic Fluid↗
[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology].
Ceftriaxone (CTRX), an injectable cephem antibiotic agent, was studied for its pharmacokinetic properties and clinical usefulness in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology on a multicenter basis. The study results are summarized below. 1. Following the one-shot intravenous injection of CTRX 1 g to pregnant women before labor, the maternal serum level of CTRX reached a peak at 131.8 micrograms/ml soon after the injection then it began to decrease gradually. T 1/2 was 6.7 hours. The umbilical serum level reached a peak at 16.0 micrograms/ml at 4.9 hours post-dose and decreased gradually with a half-life of 8.1 hours. The umbilical serum level was higher than the maternal serum level at about 12 hours post-dose. The amniotic fluid level reached a peak of 9.6 micrograms/ml at 12.8 hours post-dose. T 1/2 was 15.2 hours. The amniotic fluid level at about 15 hours post-dose or later exceeded the maternal serum level and was almost equal to the umbilical serum level at 24 hours post-dose. 2. Clinical usefulness was evaluated in 79 evaluable cases out of 89 treated for various infections at puerperium or for prophylaxis of infections at cesarean section or premature rupture of membranes (PROM). The efficacy rate was 100% in 7 cases of prenatal infections such as urinary tract infection and 30 cases of postnatal infections such as puerperal intrauterine infections. In 42 cases treated for prophylaxis in cases of cesarean section or PROM, the efficacy rate was 92.9%. Bacteriologically, 29 strains of pathogens were isolated from 26 cases. The disappearance rate of the pathogens was 96.0% as 23 strains were eradicated, 1 strain was substituted and no change was observed in 1 strain with unknown results in 4 strain. Skin rash and itching appeared in 1 patient as an adverse effect (1.1%). There were 10 cases of abnormal clinical laboratory test results such as elevated transaminase level were observed in 7 patients (7.9%). From the results, CTRX was considered to be a useful drug for the perinatal infection in the obstetrics and gynecology fields.
Adult↗
[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].
Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefuzonam (CZON) were performed to evaluate its usefulness in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. A summary of the results is as follows: 1. Concentrations of CZON in female genital organ tissues showed a little variance among organs. Mean concentrations were 3.34-7.83 micrograms/g at 40 minutes, 0.523-1.08 micrograms/g at 2 hours 15 minutes and 0.286 micrograms/g (in the myometrium) at 3 hours 10 minutes after the end of drip infusion. 2. Mean concentrations of CZON in the pelvic dead space exudate were 31.0 micrograms/ml immediately after the end of drip infusion (1 hour after the start of infusion), and 37.2 micrograms/ml 1 hour after the end of infusion, then they gradually decreased to 25.6 micrograms/ml after 3 hours and 21.4 micrograms/ml after 5 hours. Mean serum concentrations of CZON in concurrently collected samples from the peripheral vein were 30.0 micrograms/ml immediately after the end of drip infusion, 14.4 micrograms/ml after 1 hour, 4.00 micrograms/ml after 3 hours and 1.84 micrograms/ml after 5 hours. The T 1/2 beta was 1.03 hours. 3. Clinical trial in 7 patients, with CZON administered at a dose level of 1 g at a time, twice daily, showed "excellent" and "good" efficacy in all the patients. No side effects were noted. From the results of the above studies, CZON seems to be highly useful for infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.
Adult↗
[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in gynecological infection].
The MK-0787/MK-0791 is a combination of imipenem (a carbapenem antibiotic) and cilastatin sodium (a dehydro peptidase-I inhibitor) in a 1 to 1 ratio, which produces a higher urinary recovery of imipenem than imipenem alone. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was used in 8 female patients with intrapelvic infections. Clinical efficacies were very good in all the patients. There were neither subjective nor objective side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings.
Adult↗
[Fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Study group of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetric and gynecological infections].
Fundamental and clinical studies were performed by our study group to evaluate the usefulness of the combination (1:1) of imipenem (MK-0787), a carbapenem antibiotic, and cilastatin sodium (MK-0791), an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I, in the treatment of patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. The following results were obtained. Antimicrobial activities of MK-0787 were tested with inocula of 10(6) cells/ml of organisms isolated from patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. Peak MIC's of MK-0787 were less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for S. aureus, less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for S. epidermidis, 1.56 micrograms/ml for E. faecalis, 0.39 micrograms/ml for E. coli, less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for K. pneumoniae and less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for B. fragilis. When 0.5 g/0.5 g of MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered by a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, maximum concentrations of MK-0787 in all female genital tissues were obtained at the end of the infusion, and Cmax ranged from 9.4 micrograms/g to 17.0 micrograms/g. In addition, the maximum concentration of MK-0787 in pelvic dead space exudate was 13.2 micrograms/ml at 88 minutes after the start of the infusion. The penetration of MK-0787/MK-0791 into female genital tissues and dead space exudate was found to be good and sufficient to cover MIC's against organisms isolated from patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 201 evaluable patients out of a total of 253 patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. Clinical responses were excellent in 2, good in 181 and poor in 18 patients, and the efficacy rating was 91.0 percent. Efficacy ratings classified by types of infections were 93.2% (82/88) for intrauterine infections, 83.0% (39/47) for intrapelvic infections, 100% (26/26) for adnexitis, 90.0% (18/20) for infections of the external genital organs and 90.0% (18/20) for other infections. Side effects were observed in 6 of the 253 patients; rash in 4, nausea and vomiting in 1 and diarrhea in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 10 of the 253 patients; elevation of GOT, GPT, LDH and Al-P in 1, elevation of GOT, GPT and Al-P in 1, elevation of GOT and GPT in 4, elevation of GPT in 1, elevation of BUN in 1, increase of eosinophiles in 1, decrease of segmented neutrophils in 1 patient.
Adult↗
[Ceftazidime: placental transfer and pharmacokinetic parameters in the third trimester pregnancy].
Ceftazidime (CAZ), a newly developed cephalosporin with very high stability to beta-lactamase, was evaluated for its transfer into fetus and amniotic fluid in the third trimester pregnancy, following a single bolus intravenous injection at a dose of 1 g. In subjects with various conditions (background factors) standardized, concentrations of CAZ in maternal venous blood, venous and arterial blood in umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid were determined. High concentration of CAZ (10 micrograms/ml or higher) was found to be maintained in fetal blood and amniotic fluid for ca. 4 hours and ca. 8 hours, respectively, after intravenous injection, showing good placental transfer of CAZ. In view of MICs of CAZ, satisfactory clinical efficacy is expected in perinatal infections.
Amniotic Fluid↗
[Complete reconstruction of vagina after radical hysterectomy].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Clinical review and antibacterial effect of aztreonam in infections in obstetrics and gynecology].
Clinical effect in obstetrics and gynecology was studied on aztreonam (AZT), a potent monobactam antibiotic for Gram-negative bacteria. AZT was tested for 7 cases and effective for all of them with quite a high effective rate of 100%. Neither side effect nor abnormal laboratory findings were noted and it sufficiently proves the property of AZT, a totally chemical-synthesized product with lower incidence of allergic reaction. The above results suggest that AZT is useful for obstetrics and gynecologic infections in view of its high stability to beta-lactamase and dehydropeptidase and high potency against Gram-negative bacteria.
Adult↗
[Granulosa-cell growth factor in oocyte and its transport systems].
The possible existence of granulosa-cell growth factor (GGF) in the oocyte has been investigated using the labelling index (LI) with 3H-Thymidine and the mitotic index (MI) of granulosa cells (G-cells) in mice. The following results were obtained. In preantral follicles the LI increased with the development of the oocyte until its diameter reached the maximum (approximately 90 mu). In preantral follicles with the oocyte diameter below 69 mu, the LI was low and the follicular diameter was small. As the oocyte developed, the LI increased and reached the maximum value when the follicular diameter was approximately 200 mu. Then it decreased a little but maintained a high value. The antrum formation was seen when the follicular diameter was about 300 mu showing no change in LI. In preantral follicles with the oocyte diameter over 80 mu the G-cell near the oocyte had a much higher LI than the distant one. After the antrum formation, the LI and MI of cumulus layers adjacent to the oocyte were three times as great as those of the mural layers. Among the mural cell layers in the antral follicle the layer adjacent to the antrum showed remarkably high LI in comparison with the distant layers. These results suggest that GGF which seems to play a role in the formation of cumulus is secreted with the development of the oocyte. The GGF is transported through two systems the preantral follicle and cumulus layer through the G-cell gap junction and mural layers through the follicular fluid.
Animals↗
[On the effect of an oocyte factor on the formation of cumulus oophorus in human antral follicles].
The possible existence of a granulosa cell growth factor (GGF) in the oocyte was investigated by using the mitotic index (%) of granulosa cells (GC) in human antral follicles. 50 follicles (0.4-13 mm in diameter) in 35 ovaries obtained from 35 women were used for the experiments. In each follicle, GC were divided into two groups, cumulus and mural GC, according to the distance from the oocyte. The following results were obtained: The Mitotic Index (MI) of cumulus GC was 8.2 +/- 0.5 (M +/- SE) and was two fold higher than that of mural GC, 4.7 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.001). As follicles developed, MI of mural GC increased until their diameter reached 3mm but beyond 3mm, MI decreased. On the other hand, there was little relationship between MI of cumulus GC and the follicular size, and MI was constantly high in value. MI of both cumulus and mural GC was higher in the late follicular phase than in other phases of the cycle. These results suggest that the proliferation of GC in growing follicle might be regulated by some unknown substance (GGF) secreted from the oocyte as well as the endocrinological environment. It is also suggested that the presence of the oocyte plays a crucial role in the cumulus oophorus formation in the antral follicles.
Adult↗
[Hemodynamical and histological studies on ovarian blood flow during ovulation (author's transl)].
The author, in an attempt to investigate the mechanism of ovulation, conducted studies on ovarian blood flow hemodynamically and ovarian vessels histologically during ovulation induced by FSH and LH in rabbits. Continuous measurement of ovarian blood flow was facilitated by the crossed-thermocouple inserted into the unilateral ovary relatively close to its cortex. Histological changes of the ovarian blood vessels were observed every two hours and 13 h after LH administration. (1) The ovarian blood flow showed a rapid increase as 116.6 +/- 4.3% (M +/- S.E) at 15 min, 122.1 +/- 5.1% at 30 min following LH administration and maintained its high level percentage during the subsequent 2 h to 4 h, showing the peak with 156.2 +/- 9.1%. The ovarian blood flow showed a gradual decrease after 4 h. (2) A dilatation was observed in the perifollicular and stromal vessels from 2 h. The vessels maintained a considerable dilatation during 4 h to 8 h and the most conspicuous vasodilatation was manifested, especially at the apical vessels, at 10 to 13 h just prior to ovulation. Although the wall of the apical vessels was remarkably thin at that time, the overswelled apical vessels remained until ovulation. The ovulation was not seen without the rupture of the apical perifollicular vessels. These hemodynamic and histological results suggest a congestion in ovarian blood vessels during the ovulatory period. Such blood congestion presumably plays a significant role in the mechanism leading to ovulation.
Animals↗
[beta-Endorphin in obstetrical analgesia (author's transl)].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Construction of a thin film PO2-electrode using gold paste.
A thin film gold electrode for biological oxygen consumption was constructed using gold paste. This electrode is easy to construct, has high sensitivity and is disturbed only slightly by bubbling of the surrounding fluid. As an application, the electrode was used to measure oxygen consumption of the skin and yielded a reasonable value.
Electrodes↗
Water movement between myocardial tissue and capillary blood during and after coronary reactive hyperemia as studied by continuous measurement of colloid osmotic pressure of cardiac venous blood.
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood from the great cardiac vein was continuously measured by the use of a membrane colloid osmometer during reactive hyperemia resulting from temporary occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery. The COP increased sharply but transit was concluded that a measurable amount of water moved from the capillary blood into the myocardial tissue and then flowed back slowly into the capillary blood.
Animals↗