Biomedical subjects

S Makin

Publications and source records attributed to S Makin.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Perceived barriers to physical activity among high school students.

BACKGROUND: Perceived barriers to physical activity, the factor structure of perceived barriers, and the relationship between perceived barriers and participation in vigorous physical activity were examined. METHODS: A two-stage cluster sample of high school students (N = 1,041) in a large Metropolitan Toronto school district was used. Students completed a questionnaire (response rate 81.4%) dealing with participation in physical activity in three settings. Factor analysis was used to examine the dimensionality of perceived barriers. Multiple regression analysis was then used to examine the relationship between perceived barriers and participation. RESULTS: Time constraints due to school work, other interests, and family activities were three of the four barriers considered most important. Females cited consistently higher levels of perceived barriers than males. Two empirically distinct and theoretically meaningful factors emerged from the analysis--perceived internal barriers and perceived external barriers. Perceived internal barriers were predictive of physical activity in overall activity and outside of school activity. Perceived external barriers were predictive of overall physical activity and other school activity, but in the direction opposite to that hypothesized. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that perceived barriers may be predictive of physical activity participation among high school students only under specific conditions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Self-efficacy and participation in vigorous physical activity by high school students.

The relationship between physical activity self-efficacy and participation in vigorous physical activity by high school students is examined in this article. Self-efficacy is hypothesized to be positively related to participation in three settings (physical education class, other school-related activities, and outside of school). The effects of age, gender, perceived barriers, and actual barriers are also examined. The sample consists of 1,041 grade 9 and 11 students from a large Metropolitan Toronto school board. Factors derived from a previous (factor) analysis were used to examine the effects of self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and life strain (an actual barrier). The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that physical activity self-efficacy, despite external barriers (but not internal barriers), is predictive of physical activity participation in the hypothesized direction. Other results show consistent age and gender effects on physical activity participation and some support for the hypothesized relationship between perceived barriers and participation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Internal structure of a measure of self-efficacy in physical activity among high school students.

The preliminary development of a measure of self-efficacy to participate in vigorous physical activity when confronted with specific perceived barriers to physical activity is described. Measures used in previous research ([Hofstetter, C.R., Hovell, M.F., Sallis, J.F., 1990a. Social learning correlates of exercise self-efficacy: Early experiences with physical activity, Social Science and Medicine, 31, 1169-1176.]; [Hofstetter, C.R., Sallis, J.F., Hovell, M.F., 1990b. Some health dimensions of self-efficacy: Analysis of theoretical specificity, Social Science and Medicine, 31, 1051-1056.]; [Reynolds, K.D., Killen, J.D., Bryson, M.S., Maron, D.J., Taylor, C.B., Maccoby, N., Farquhar, J.W., 1990. Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in adolescents, Preventive Medicine, 19, 541-551.]; [Sallis, J.F., Pinski, R.B., Grossman, R.M., Patterson, T.L., Nader, P.R., 1988. The development of self-efficacy scales for health-related diet and exercise behaviors, Health Education Research, 3, 283-292.]) were adapted and original items were developed. The 20-item measure has a 5-point Likert format ranging from not at all confident (1) to very confident (5). An earlier pilot study of 200 secondary school students showed that the measure was free of social desirability. The data were derived from a survey of 1041 secondary school students from a Metropolitan Toronto board of education. Principal component analysis (PCA) with oblique rotation of the data yielded two factors: self-efficacy to overcome external barriers and self-efficacy to overcome internal barriers. The 12-item external barriers subscale had a coefficient alpha of 0.88 and the 8-item internal barriers subscale had a coefficient alpha of 0.87. The subscales significantly correlated with the frequency of participation in vigorous physical activity. In summary, the results provide some support for the internal consistency reliability, construct validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity of the measure. Though further psychometric research is warranted, the self-efficacy measure shows promise for physical activity research.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using a program logic model that focuses on performance measurement to develop a program.

A program logic model is used to make a program ready for an evaluation. It diagrammatically shows the relationships between the objectives of the program, program activities, indicators, and resources. This article describes an expanded logic model that has a greater focus on measurement of program performance. The expanded logic model specifies both outcome and process indicators, whereas other logic models only show service delivery indicators. Also, this article describes how the expanded logic model was used to develop a bicycle safety program. A workgroup established program boundaries and reviewed documents early in the process of developing the logic model. The workgroup developed the logic model which was subsequently reviewed by other stakeholders. The workgroup continually assessed the plausibility of the logic model. Challenges and advantages in using the logic model are discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗