Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Majima

Publications and source records attributed to S Majima.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Clinical studies of intrarectal administration of 5-FU emulsion as an adjunct to surgical treatment of rectal cancer.

Preoperative intrarectal administration of 5-FU emulsion was attempted as an adjuvant chemotherapy to surgery for rectal cancer. The drug concentrations of resected specimens were determined and histological examinations of them were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of anticancer drugs on the metastatic lymph nodes as well as on the primary tumors. 5-FU levels both in the regional lymph nodes and primary tumors of 18 patients with rectal cancer, who were given with the 5-FU emulsion (emulsion group) or 5-FU suppository (suppository group) intrarectally two hours before surgery, was found to be much higher in emulsion group than in suppository group. 46 patients with rectal cancer were treated preoperatively with intrarectal administration of 5-FU emulsion (25 cases) or 5-FU suppositories (21 cases) for a period of 10 days before surgery, and the histological effect of this regimen on the metastatic lesion in the lymph nodes, as well as in the primary tumor was examined. No detectable difference was found in the primary lesions between the emulsion group and the suppository group. In the metastatic lesions, however, the rate of effectiveness was higher in the emulsion group than in the suppository (68 percent versus 33 percent).

Emulsions↗
PubMed1980

Immunomorphologic study of regional lymph nodes in cancer: response of regional lymph node cells from gastric and colorectal cancer to PHA stimulation.

To obtain information regarding the immunologic capacity of uninvolved regional lymph nodes (RLNs) draining tumor, the in vitro response of regional lymph node cells (RLNCs) to PHA was investigated in lymph nodes from 55 patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, and gastric ulcer. Evaluation of data relative to cancer progress demonstrated that, in gastric cancer patients, the response of stimulated RLNCs from patients with middle stage carcinoma was significantly higher compared with those of cells from patients with early or late stage carcinoma, such being similar to the response of RLNCs from control patients with gastric ulcer. The results from colorectal cancer patients were also similar to those from patients with gastric cancer. Our results suggest that RLNs without metastasis contain cells capable of responding to PHA despite the presence of growing tumors in these cancer patients. In the results of PHA stimulation in relation to the lymph node morphology, we observed in both groups of patients with gastric or colorectal cancer that, regardless of the extent of the cancer lymph nodes with lymphocyte predominance there was a high PHA response while lymph nodes with lymphocyte depletion and unstimulated nodes exhibited a low PHA response. These results show a close relationship between this lymph node morphology and immunologic status of nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A manometric assessment of anorectal pressures and its significance in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic megacolon.

Anorectal manometric studies were performed on nine patients with Hirschsprung's disease and ten patients with idiopathic megacolon for the purpose of differentiation, comparing with those of the normal subjects. The anorectal reflex was absent in all nine of the patients with Hirschsprung's disease while in all of ten patients with idiopathic megacolon rectal distension produced a relaxation in the anal canal like that of the normal subjects. Manometric studies proved to be a reliable and non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and were of particular value as simple screening tests in patients with a clinical suggestion of this disease. The manometric studies of the patients with Hirschsprung's disease or idiopathic megacolon in the present series also demonstrated that the pronounced internal sphincter contraction combined with a total absence of reflex relaxation or an inadequate response of the sphincter to rectal distension might be responsible for the obstructive symptoms in these diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A clinical and manometric correlation for assessment of postoperative continence in imperforate anus.

Functional results after surgical correction of anorectal malformations were assessed on a clinical basis following Kelly score and by manometric study. Forty-six patients, aged 2--17, were personally interviewed and 25 of these 46 had manometric studies to evaluate postoperative continence. The manometric study was also performed on 35 normal children as a control group. Continent patients characteristically had marked high pressure zones as did the normal subjects. On the other hand, in the patients with fair or poor results, the anorectal pressure profile had no marked high pressure zone in the anal canal. The presence of normal anal pressure at rest as well as adequate ano-rectal pressure difference was found to correlate well with continence. In patients with perineoplasty, the ano-rectal reflex correlated well with continence but not in patients treated by abdominoperineal rectoplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Regional lymphadenectomy and tumor curability in C3H/He mice transplanted with MH 134.

In order to elucidate the effect of surgical removal of the regional nodes on the immunological defence of the host against the tumor, as well as on the cure rate of C3H/He mice transplanted with MH 134, three separate experiments were carried out, and the following results were obtained: 1) The cure rates of mice treated by removal of the primary tumor with regional lymph nodes were significantly lower than that of mice treated by simple amputation without regional lymphadenectomy. 2) It was demonstrated by a bioassay of the regional node that viable tumor cells presented in the nodes prior to the operation disappeared after removal of the primary tumor, whereas in 60-Co irradiated mice prior to the tumor inoculation, such phenomena were not observed. 3) Observation utilizing in vivo neutralization revealed that regional lymph node cells were capable of interfering with growth of tumor cells. These findings suggest that removal of the regional nodes impairs the restraint to the growth of residual tumor after the removal of the primary tumor, and this is probably due to a derangment of the immunologic response of the host.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1978

Basic experiments on oral administration of 5-fluorouracil emulsion as adjuvant chemotherapy to surgical treatment for gastric cancer.

Oral administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) emulsion was compared experimentally with that of 5-FU aqueous solution as to the degree of absorption and tissue distribution. After oral administration of both the 5-FU emulsion and the 5-FU solution, 5-FU was detected at the highest level in both the stomach and the duodenum. This seems to suggest that 5-FU is strongly affinitive to the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. As to the relative concentration of these two forms of the drug, the oral administration of the 5-FU emulsion resulted in a maximum value 1.5 times higher than that of the 5-FU solution. An appreciable concentration of 5-FU was maintained for a considerably long time with the administration of 5-FU emulsion. In the lymph, the maximum level of the 5-FU emulsion was three times higher than that of the 5-FU solution. The drug concentration of the 5-FU emulsion remained higher than that of the 5-FU solution through the entire duration of the experiment. Regarding the drug concentration in the regional lymph nodes, the pattern demonstrated was almost the same as in the lymph itself. It is expected that the oral administration of 5-FU emulsion may be useful as an adjuvant to the surgical treatment of gastric cancer, because of the high drug concentration resulting both in the gastrointestinal tract and in the regional lymph nodes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Histological evaluation of the effect of 5-FU emulsion on lymph node metastasis of stomach cancer.

In order to evaluate the effect of anticancer drugs on the metastatic lesions of the regional lymph nodes from stomach cancers removed after oral administration of 5-FU emulsion, histological examinations of the specimens obtained from 107 surgical cases were carried out. In additional 13 cases with gastric cancer, the active 5-FU concentrations in the regional lymph nodes were determined. The effect of 5-FU emulsion in metastatic lesions as determined was histologically classified into Grades 0 to III according to the severity and extent of damaged cells and cell nests Grades II and III were judged to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the 5-FU emulsion. Such changes were identified in 62.0 per cent of the 242 metastatic lymph nodes, and the effectiveness increased as the total dose of the 5-FU emulsion administered increased (50.9 per cent for 5,000 mg or less, 70.9 per cent for 5,000 to 6,000 mg, and 72.7 per cent for 6,000 mg or more). The rate of effectiveness also varied with the histological type of the primary carcinoma, i.e. the differentiated type being more sensitive. The mean active 5-FU level in the regional lymph nodes was higher after the administration of 5-FU emulsion than of 5-FU solution supporting the earlier animal experiments.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Hyperchloremic acidosis in an infant with imperforate anus and rectourethral fistula.

A case of hyperchloremic acidosis in an infant with imperforate anus and rectourethral fistula, showing lethargy, tachypnea, vomiting, and dehydration, is reported. Surgical correction by abdominoperineal pull-through and division of the rectourethral fistula was performed after doing a cystocutaneostomy to eliminate the diversion of urine into the rectum.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1977

The effect of iodoacetamide-induced fundic ulcers on gastric carcinogenesis produced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of ulcer induced by iodoacetamide on the development of gastric carcinoma by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in male Wistar rats. Fifty-six of the 62 ulcers induced by IAM were located in the fundic gland area along the limiting ridge. The incidence of fundic carcinoma was 16% in the groups treated with IAM and MNNG, while no fundic carcinoma was found in the group treated with MNNG alone. This difference was statistically significant. All the carcinomas in the fundic gland area were confined within the ulcer itself or its scar tissue, produced by IAM. These findings indicate that if an ulcer is present, carcinoma develops even in the fundic mucosa which is, if intact, resistant to the carcinogenic stimulation of MNNG. It was concluded that gastric ulcer predisposes the development of gastric carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Attempt at local administration of anticancer agents in the form of fat emulsion.

A fat emulsion when injected into tissue is scarcely taken up by the blood vascular system but is retained within the tissue over a relatively extended period, and is distributed slowly into the surrounding tissues and to the regional lymph nodes. Attempts were made to use this property of the emulsion in the local administration of anticancer agents in emulsion, both in experimental animals and in man. The concentrations of bleomycin in the tumor tissue of rats were significantly higher after the intratumoral injection of the emulsion form than when the drug was administered in the aqueous solution, either systemically or intratumorally. Experimental antitumor activity against this tumor was superior after the bleomycin emulsion, as well. In the clinical trials six of eight patients with either squamous cell carcinoma of skin or local recurrence of adenocarcinoma of the breast responded favorably to this treatment.

Aged↗