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Biomedical subjects

S Mahmoud

Publications and source records attributed to S Mahmoud.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Extensive myofascial necrosis: a delayed complication of botulinum toxin therapy.

Botulinum toxin is now an important therapeutic agent in various clinical specialties. Although a lot is known about its short-term effects, little is known about the long-term effects or delayed complications. Most of the therapeutic effects appear within a week and last for 10-12 weeks. In most cases, the side effects are mild and often self-limiting and tend to occur within the first week. Myofascial necrosis and delayed onset of side effects are rarely reported and present a new challenge for a drug that has been proclaimed as an anti-ageing drug by the lay press and is widely used outside the licensed indications.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Thumb polydactyly with symphalangism.

Three cases of thumb polydactyly in which one of the components demonstrated symphalangism are reported. This is a very rare anomaly and only one similar case could be found in the literature. The rarity of this anomaly was explained by the occurrence of two different abnormal molecular events along two different limb growth axes. Finally, the anomaly does not fit into the classification systems described for thumb polydactyly.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Classification of benign fatty tumours of the upper limb.

In this paper, the authors offer a classification of benign fatty tumours of the upper limb. There are three histologically distinct types of fat cells: immature fat cells which give rise to lipoblastomas, mature brown fat cells which give rise to hibernomas and mature white fat cells which give rise to lipomas. Lipomas are the most common and they are sub-classified according to the anatomic site of fat cells into dermal, subcutaneous and sub-fascial lipomas; or tumours directly related to muscle, bone, synovium or nerve. Finally, the authors review 67 patients with benign fatty tumours of the upper limb and provide clinical examples of these tumours including their characteristic histological and radiological features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Immunolocalization of CC10 in Clara cells in mouse and human lung.

Two antisera, denoted R41 and R42, were raised against a synthetic peptide from the murine Clara cell-specific protein CC10, and one antiserum, denoted R40, was raised against human recombinant uteroglobin, the human homolog of murine CC10. Purified antigen-specific antisera, denoted R40AP, R41AP, and R42AP were prepared using peptide columns. The purified antisera were characterized by dot blots, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblots. Immunohistochemistry of mouse lung showed specific labeling of Clara cells in distal bronchioles by all three antisera. In human lung, the antiuteroglobin antiserum specifically labeled Clara cells, while the anti-mouse peptide antisera had weak crossreactivity and higher background staining. Electron microscopy revealed immunogold labeling of CC10 granules in Clara cells of mouse lung with all antisera. All antisera also labeled a 5-kDa protein on immunoblots of mouse lung homogenates. The surface epithelium of the alveolar air spaces around the distal bronchioles were CC10 positive suggesting a functional activity for CC10 in the lung parenchyma distal to Clara cells. R40AP immunohistochemical staining of sections of normal human lungs and lungs from patients with surfactant protein B deficiency, bronchopneumonia, and idiopathic alveolar proteinosis illustrate the utility of the anti-human CC10 antibody for diagnostic pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Generation of an immortal differentiated lung type-II epithelial cell line from the adult H-2K(b)tsA58 transgenic mouse.

This paper describes a new fully differentiated Type-II alveolar epithelial cell line designated T7, derived from transgenic H-2K(b)-tsA58 mice, capable of being passaged as an immortalized cloned cell line in culture. H-2K(b)-tsA58 mice harbor a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (T antigen) under the control of the gamma-interferon (INF)-inducible mouse major histocompatibility complex H-2Kb promoter. When cultured under permissive conditions (33 degrees C and in the presence of gamma-INF) cells isolated from H-2Kb-tsA58 mice express the large T antigen, which drives the cells to proliferate. However, upon withdrawal of the gamma-INF and transfer of the cells to a higher temperature (39 degrees C), T antigen expression is turned off, the cells stop proliferating and differentiate. The T7 cell line is a clonal cell line originally derived from a Type-II cell-rich fraction isolated from lungs of H-2Kb-tsA58 mice. The T7 cells form confluent monolayers, and have a polarized epithelial cell morphology with tight junctions and apical microvilli. In addition, the T7 cells have distinct cytoplasmic lamellar bodies, which become more numerous and pronounced when the cells are grown under nonpermissive conditions. The T7 cells synthesize and secrete phosphatidylcholine and the three surfactant proteins, SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C. The T7 cell line is unique in that it is the first non-tumor-derived Type-II cell line capable of synthesizing and secreting the major components of surfactant. Based on the criteria studied, the T7 cell line is phenotypically very similar to normal Type-II cells. The T7 cell line, therefore, should prove a valuable experimental system to advance the study of the cell biology/physiology of surfactant metabolism and secretion as well as serve as a model for other studies of Type-II cell physiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Iron status of pregnant women at first antenatal booking in Mbarara University Teaching Hospital.

An assessment of iron status was made on 96 pregnant women and 29 non-pregnant, non-lactating menstruating women of comparable age group as controls. Anaemia (haemoglobin < 110 g/l) was present in 84.4% of the pregnant women and in 48.3% of the control group. Iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 12.0 micrograms/l) was present in 51.1% of the pregnant group and 37.9% of the control group. Prevalence of anaemia with iron deficiency was 54.7% in anaemic pregnant women. Serum ferritin correlated significantly with low haemoglobin (P < 0.05). Median serum ferritin declined progressively until 31 weeks of gestation. Preliminary studies on their dietetics showed that low animal protein consumption and poor dietary iron bioavailability were associated with anaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of adamantylamide dipeptide on reinfection resistance after primary infection eradication in experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni.

The immunomodulatory effect of adamantylamide dipeptide (AdDP) was tested in Schistosoma mansoni-infected challenged mice and infected praziquantel-treated (2 x 500 mg/kg) challenged animals. In AdDP-treated mice, the drug was given 58 days post infection of mice with 120 S. mansoni cercariae, challenged with 240 cercariae one day after treatment, while in praziquantel-treated mice, the drug was given 44 days post infection, two weeks post treatment (58 days post infection) they were given AdDP in the same dose and one day later challenged with the same cercarial load. AdDP increased the resistance against reinfection (90.3% vs. 83.5% in infected challenged control). The significant increase in resistance against reinfection was accompanied by significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes forming EAC rosettes. Mice cured of their primary infection by praziquantel showed a significant reduction in percent resistance, hepatic granuloma size and intragranulomal Thy+ 1,2 and Lyt+ 1 T cells. In mice treated with both praziquantel and AdDP, resistance to reinfection was significantly higher than in mice treated with praziquantel only (89.29% vs. 62.13%) reaching a level comparable to that recorded in infected-challenged controls. Meanwhile granuloma size was not significantly different from that in the infected-challenged controls with a significant rise in Lyt+ 1 T cells. Data may suggest a role for granuloma as a mechanical obstacle and/or as a T cell-mediated reaction in maintenance of resistance to reinfection. A role for B lymphocytes should be considered as the rise of percent resistance to reinfection in mice treated with AdDP alone was accompanied by a significant increase in the percentage of B lymphocytes forming EAC rosettes. Moreover, findings may suggest the use of AdDP together with specific chemotherapy in endemic areas where reinfection and repeated treatment with its consequences are of common occurrence.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

Age-related changes in tissue content of malondialdehyde-modified proteins.

One of the possible mechanisms of the age-related modifications of proteins is the result of reaction with malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation byproduct. To determine the effect of age on the extent of MDA derivatization of proteins in plasma and various tissues, male Fisher 344 rats at 4, 12 and 26 months of age were studied. Protein electrophoresis and immunoblotting was carried out using a specific antiserum against MDA-protein complexes. The concentration of MDA-proteins in plasma (mean +/- SD of optical density in 50 micrograms protein) was 201.6 +/- 47.7 in 4 month old rats, 197.4 +/- 67 in 12 month old rats and 101.4 +/- 22.7 in 26 month old rats (P < 0.01). The MDA protein content of testicle, liver and heart was increased in 12 month old rats compared to 4 and 26 months old rats. There were no age-related differences in MDA-protein content of lung, brain, and kidney. Because of the interindividual variability of MDA-protein profiles within an age group distinct age-related changes in the distribution of various MDA protein bands could not be documented.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Tissue-specific distribution of malondialdehyde modified proteins in diabetes mellitus.

A potential mechanism of diabetes-related tissue damage is modification of various proteins by lipid peroxidation by-products such as malondialdehyde (MDA). To determine the extent of MDA derivatization of various proteins in diabetes mellitus, Western blots were carried out using a specific anti-MDA antiserum to study proteins in plasma and various tissues of control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The concentration of MDA-proteins was highest in plasma compared to other tissues tested. Diabetes was associated with a reduction in MDA-protein content of plasma, lung and liver while in the heart, testicle, cerebrum and kidney the MDA-protein concentration was not altered. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats normalized MDA-protein content of plasma but not in the lung or liver. A large interindividual variability in various protein species was observed within a group. This was partly attributed to polymerization of MDA-proteins. It is concluded that although diabetes is associated with increased lipid peroxidation the content of MDA-proteins in plasma and in some tissues is decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Psi 13,14] bombesin analogues inhibit growth of small cell lung cancerin vitro and in vivo.

Bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (BN/GRP) functions as an autocrine growth factor in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Previously, this autocrine growth cycle was disrupted by a monoclonal antibody which binds to the carboxyl terminal of BN and neutralizes the peptide so that it is unable to interact with the BN/GRP receptor. Here a series of BN analogues were synthesized which have a reduced peptide bond near the carboxyl terminal. The analogues inhibited specific binding of 125I-GRP to SCLC cell line NCI-H345 in a dose-dependent manner and the analogue [D-Nal6, Psi13,14, Phe14] BN6-14 was approximately 6-fold more potent than was (Psi13,14, Leu14)BN with a 50% inhibition concentration value of 5 nM. [DNal6, Psi13,14, Phe14]BN6-14 and [Psi13,14, Leu14]BN had no effect on the cytosolic Ca2+ levels but antagonized the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ caused by 10 nM BN. [Psi13,14, Leu14]BN (1 microM) inhibited the growth of SCLC in vitro using a clonogenic assay by approximately 70% Also, injection of [Psi13,14, Leu14]BN (10 micrograms, s.c.) inhibited the growth of SCLC xenografts in nude mice in vivo by approximately 50%. These data suggest that the autocrine growth cycle of BN/GRP in SCLC may also be disrupted by peptide antagonists which bind to the BN receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Small cell lung cancer bombesin receptors are antagonized by reduced peptide bond analogues.

The potency of 3 reduced peptide bond analogues of bombesin (BN) was investigated using small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. (Psi13,14, Leu14)BN, (Psi9,10, Leu14)BN and (Psi12,13, Leu14)BN inhibited specific binding of 125I-GRP with IC50 values of 15, 90, and 600 nM. (Psi13,14, Leu14)BN and (Psi9,10, Leu14)BN did not elevate cytosolic Ca2+ levels but antagonized the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ caused by BN. (Psi13,14, Leu14)BN antagonized the clonal growth of SCLC cells caused by BN. These data indicate that reduced peptide bond analogues may disrupt the autocrine growth cycle of SCLC cells by functioning as BN receptor antagonists.

Bombesin↗
PubMed1989

Indium-111 monoclonal anti-myosin antibody in assessing skeletal muscle damage in trauma.

Accurate assessment of the severity of soft tissue damage particularly skeletal muscle associated with fractures in trauma patients is important in determining the plan of management and prognosis. We used Indium-111 labelled anti-myosin to determine the extent of skeletal muscle injury in five patients involved in traumatic accidents. We found abnormal uptake in all 20 sites of muscle injury in four patients, 13 at the sites of fractures and seven away from fracture sites. There was good correlation between the degree of uptake and the extent of muscle injury. No uptake was seen in a case with no fracture and no muscle injury. At surgery this case proved to be haemarthrosis of the left knee. Indium-111 anti-myosin scanning is a potentially sensitive and useful technique in assessing extent of acute muscle injury in trauma patients.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Human glioblastoma cell lines have neuropeptide receptors for bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide.

Bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide receptors were characterized in human glioblastoma cell lines. [125I]Gastrin-releasing peptide or ([125I]Tyr4)bombesin bound with high affinity to these cell lines. Binding to cell line U-118 was time dependent, reversible, and specific. ([125I]Tyr4)Bombesin bound with high affinity (Kd = 1.6 nM) to a single class of sites (Bmax = 30,000/cell). The C-terminal of bombesin- or gastrin-releasing peptide was essential for high-affinity binding. Bombesin- or gastrin-releasing peptide elevated the cytosolic Ca2+ levels in a dose-dependent manner. Because gastrin-releasing peptide, but not gastrin-releasing peptide, increased the cytosolic Ca2+ levels, the C-terminal but not the N-terminal of GRP is essential for biological activity. These data indicate that biologically active bombesin receptors are present in human glioblastoma cell lines.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1988

A false positive I-131 MIBG due to dilated renal pelvis: a case report.

A case of false positive I-131 MIBG imaging for detection of pheochromocytoma is presented. There was an area of increased tracer uptake in the left renal region that showed steadily reducing activity over a period of three days. This raised the suspicion of a dilated renal pelvis, which was later confirmed by Tc-99m DTPA imaging. It is advisable in cases of ambiguous I-131 MIBG imaging to use Tc-99m DTPA rather than Tc-99m DMSA for localizing the kidneys and renal pelvis.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1987

Bombesin-like peptides elevate cytosolic calcium in small cell lung cancer cells.

The ability of bombesin-like peptides to elevate intracellular Ca2+ levels in small cell lung cancer cells was investigated using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura 2. Nanomolar concentrations of bombesin elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels in the absence or presence of extracellular Ca2+. Potent bombesin receptor agonists, such as gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) or (GRP)14-27 elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels whereas inactive compounds such as (D-Trp8)bombesin or (GRP)1-16 did not. Furthermore, the bombesin receptor antagonist (D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11) substance P (30 microM) had no effect on the Ca2+ levels by itself but antagonized the increase in Ca2+ caused by 10 nM or 100 nM bombesin. These data suggest that bombesin receptors may regulate the release of Ca2+ from intracellular organelles in small cell lung cancer cells.

Benzofurans↗