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Biomedical subjects

S Maes

Publications and source records attributed to S Maes.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Diffusion of piperacillin in the eye].

Intraocular diffusion of piperacillin was studied in 42 patients scheduled for cataract surgery (n = 35) or vitrectomy (n = 7). Piperacillin was administered intravenously (4 g/injection). Thirty-four patients were given a single dose and 8 were given two doses 12 hours apart. Peak piperacillin levels in the aqueous (7.3 mg/l) occurred one hour after the injection; levels in the vitreous were low (less than 0.6 mg/l). Intraocular diffusion of piperacillin was also studied in rabbits with an experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis infection of one eye; the other eye served as the control. In pigmented rabbits (6 Fauve de Bourgogne animals), increased diffusion and decreased elimination of piperacillin were seen in the aqueous, iris and cornea of the infected eyes, as compared with uninfected control eyes. In albino rabbits (6 New Zealand animals), results were less conclusive, with a difference between the infected and healthy eyes appearing only during the second hour following the injection. The good diffusion of piperacillin in the aqueous, especially in infected eyes (at least in rabbits), suggests that this drug may be useful for the treatment of ocular infections provided it is initiated early and given in combination with another antimicrobial exhibiting good intraocular diffusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of facial spasm with botulin A toxin].

The authors use injections of botulinum A toxin in treatment of facial spasms. 105 patients (70 patients with blepharospasm, 35 patients with hemispasm) were treated during 4 years. The toxin Wisconsin relieved spasms for an average of 10 weeks. Local complications such as ptosis and diplopia appeared in less than 1/5 of the cases. No general complications were observed. Repeated treatments are necessary. The authors noted a decrease of lacrimal secretion on the treated side in hemifacial spasm and concluded that botulinum A toxin injections could be used as a treatment of epiphora.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changing health behaviour outcomes in asthmatic patients: a pilot intervention study.

Starting from a prior study, in which cognitive and coping variables proved to be related to well-being, the use of medical resources and the absence from work in asthmatic patients, the authors constructed a cognitive-educational (a combination of health education and rational emotive behaviour modification) intervention programme aiming at altering coping behaviour in asthmatic patients in order to influence emotional distress and use of medical resources. The effects of the programme were assessed by means of a pre-test-post-test control group design. The programme was offered to ten patients and their partners. Both before and after the intervention cognitive attitudes (optimism, locus of control, and shame or stigma), coping behaviour in attack situations (minimizing the seriousness of the attack, rational action and reacting emotionally), coping in daily life (maintaining a restrictive life-style, focussing on asthma and hiding asthma), emotional distress (anxiety, anger, and depression), and the use of medication were measured in the experimental and control group. It was found that patients who received the programme became less preoccupied with their asthma and reported significantly less emotional distress (anxiety and anger) in daily life. In addition, they used less maintenance medication (corticosteroids). The authors wish to stress the importance of using medical variables such as the number of attacks as covariates in this type of research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

The study of stress and disease: some developments and requirements.

This article considers the study of stress in relation to the onset, course, and outcomes of disease, and is divided into three parts. The first part describes the relationships between personality, environmental stressors, and disease. The second focuses specifically on the requirements that must be fulfilled to allow for the conclusion that there is a relationship between stress and the onset of disease. Finally, in the third part models describing the relationship between stress and the course of disease or medical outcome are presented and discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in psychosocial profile at entry into cardiac rehabilitation.

PURPOSE: To find out in a sample of coronary patients at entry into a cardiac rehabilitation program, whether women report a lower level of physical functioning and a higher degree of psychosocial impairment than men. METHODS: One hundred and nine male and 122 female patients matched for age with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, or coronary angioplasty were assessed at entry into a multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation program. Information was retrieved from hospital records, a semistructured interview, and several psychological questionnaires. Variables of physical functioning included perceived exercise tolerance, functional complaints, psychosomatic complaints, and sleeping disturbances. Variables of psychosocial impairment included anxiety, depression, vital exhaustion, well-being, feelings of being disabled, displeasure, and social inhibition. RESULTS: At program entry, there were no significant differences in age, coronary risk factors, coronary incident, or medication between genders. However, women reported significantly lower perceived exercise tolerance and significantly more functional and psychosomatic complaints. Moreover, women were significantly more anxious and scored significantly higher on social inhibition and vital exhaustion than men. CONCLUSIONS: At entry into rehabilitation, women in this sample report a higher degree of psychosocial impairment and a lower level of physical functioning than men. Women's significantly higher scores on social inhibition and vital exhaustion might partly explain their reported higher drop-out and lower adherence rates in cardiac rehabilitation.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating social-psychological frameworks for health behavior research.

OBJECTIVE: To review the social-cognitive theories that have predominated in research on determinants of healthbehaviors. METHODS: Based on a literaturesearch,the theorieswere compared and critically analyzed. RESULTS: Although the theories are somewhat successful in predicting health behaviors, the social-cognitive perspective is restricted to a unidirectional, nondynamic view of behavioral change and neglects the fact that individuals may differ with respect to the life goals they pursue. CONCLUSION: Health behavior research should adopt a more integrative approach, including insights from stage and goal theories. The health behavior goal model is described as an example of such an approach.

Goals↗