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Biomedical subjects

S M Turner

Publications and source records attributed to S M Turner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Behavioral control of L-dopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinsonism.

A patient experiencing L-dopa induced dyskinesia severe enough to prevent normal functioning was treated with behavior therapy utilizing meditation. The effects of treatment were assessed in a single case experimental design. Phase 1 consisted of baseline monitoring of severity and duration of episodes of left extremity jerking. During Phase 2, treatment was started with twice daily meditation for 30 minutes with an accompanying decrease in dose of daily L-dopa. Severity and duration of episodes were significantly reduced, and this was maintained through Phase 3 when the Phase 1 dose of L-dopa was reintroduced. The subject resumed normal functioning following treatment. A natural reversal occurred when he stopped meditating. During Phase 4, the recurrent high severity and duration of jerking were once again reduced when meditation was reinstated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Patterns of seclusion. A prospective study.

The clinical use of seclusion was studied prospectively on two acute treatment units of a university hospital. The incidence, frequency, duration, precipitant, and type of seclusion were documented for 59 secluded patients through 107 episodes and compared to 159 nonsecluded controls on a variety of demographic, diagnostic, and legal variables. Chronicity, legal status on admission, and race were patient characteristics correlated with the incidence of seclusion. Mental status and diagnosis were not significantly related to the incidence or the frequency of seclusion. Seclusion was used primarily to contain physical assault upon staff. There was no relationship between the precipitating event and duration of seclusion, nor any change in duration or restrictiveness of seclusion with repeated episodes. These findings differ markedly from previous reports. The clinical bias toward increased use of seclusion with committed, chronic, and black patients, as well as the independence of cause and duration of seclusion raise legal issues already being pursued in federal courts.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effect of body temperature and cell-mediated immunity on the growth of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium leprae in mice.

Evidence is presented that the high susceptibility of armadillos to infection with Mycobacterium leprae cannot be explained solely in terms of body temperature because mutant mice maintained with a body temperature similar to that of armadillos do not become heavily infected with M. leprae. The depression of cell-mediated immunity accompanying the low body temperature is not sufficient to produce an overwhelming infection. The results obtained with M. marinum suggest that whereas lack of cell-mediated immunity or a low body temperature result in a moderately enhanced infection in the mouse a combination of both of these factors is required to produce an overwhelming infection involving the internal organs.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Biorhythms of the nonpregnant human uterus.

Uterine activity was monitored continuously for periods of three or five days in two subjects. Biorhythms in the spontaneous variations of intrauterine pressure and frequency of contraction were demonstrated in both phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistically, the patterns conformed to 24-hour Fourier curves, with higher values synchronized by the periods of light. Positive statistical correlations were present between uterine activity and the circadian patterns of intrauterine temperature and norepinephrine concentrations in both urine and peripheral arterial plasma.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1980

Behavioral and pharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Single-case experimental designs were used to evaluate behavioral and pharmacological treatments in obsessive-compulsive disorders. Four patients were treated in variants of ABAB withdrawal design using behavioral and self-report data as dependent variables. Three of the four patients responded to behavioral or pharmacological treatment, whereas one patient responded to neither intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Depressive symptoms in rape victims.

Thirty-four recent rape victims were assessed for depressive symptomatology using a well-validated self-report instrument in combination with formal psychiatric evaluation. Fifteen subjects were found to be moderately or severely depressed when measured on the self-report questionnaire. A closer examination of these 15 subjects revealed that 8 were suffering from a major depressive disorder. The authors emphasize that all clinicians working with rape victims should be alert to the emergence of depression in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacological treatment of aggressive behavior and emesis in the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.

Chlorpromazine and fluphenazine decanoate were employed to treat aggressive behavior and emesis in a 22-year-old patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Institution of the above neuroleptics, following an unsuccessful trial of diazepam, produced reductions of 95.1 per cent and 37.9 per cent for aggressive behavior and emesis, respectively. Four follow-up observations, occurring at 3-week intervals, revealed maintenance of low rates of aggressive behavior and continued reductions in emesis (mean reduction of 81.5 per cent). These findings are important for their a) inclusion of direct behavioral observation as the data base, and b) initial promising effects of neuroleptics for a rare mental retardation syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Catecholamine uptake, accumulation, and release in acute porphyria.

Hypertension and tachycardia are well known features of acute porphyria and have been shown to be related to increased circulating catecholamines. The mechanism by which circulating catecholamines are increased was studied using the isolated perfused rat heart and human platelets as a model of adrenergic neuronal function. It was found that neither delta-aminolevulinate (ALA) nor porphobilinogen (PBG) blocked uptake or caused release in the isolated perfused rat heart. Platelets from six patients with acute prophyria, three in remission and three latent, with matching normal controls were studied with regard to their uptake of [(3)H]norepinephrine in the presence of ALA or PBG. It was found that ALA and PBG significantly reduced uptake and accumulation of [(3)H]-norepinephrine in patients with acute porphyria; however, no similar reduction in uptake and accumulation was observed in the platelets of normal controls. Therefore, it appears that there is a latent defect in the catecholamine uptake and (or) accumulation of platelets of patients with acute prophyria which only manifests itself in the presence of ALA or PBG. If platelet uptake serves as a model of adrenergic neuron uptake, this suggests that elevated circulating catecholamine levels during acute attacks of acute porphyria are caused at least partially by blockade of re-uptake into the sympathetic neurons.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Avasucular necrosis of pheochromocytoma followed by spontaneous remission.

Following an acute spontaneous hypertensive crisis and shock a patient with pheochromocytoma was found to have an exceedingly high catecholamine excretion rate. After this episode, the patient remained normotensive and urinary excretion of catecholamines returned to normal. During surgery, a large pheochromocytoma was found and removed that showed avascualr necrosis. In phenochromocytoma, a sudden and exceedingly high rate of catecholamine release may cause intense vasoconstriction both generally and within the tumor itself. In this patient, avascular tumor necrosis led to a spontaneous remission of clinical symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effects of phenothiazines and social skills training in a withdrawn schizophrenic.

The effects of phenothiazines and social skills training on a severely withdrawn schizophrenic were examined. Regulation of phenothiazine levels had the result that the patient became more receptive to behavioral interventions. Specific application of a token economy program effected a marked improvement in the assertive training was employed to improve the patient's repertoire of ininterpersonal responses. Prior to actual hospital discharge the patient was faded back into his natural environment during a job retraining phase at Goodwill Industries. Specific data on the patient's improved social functioning are presented in a multiple baseline analysis. Follow-up data document the patient's successful adaptation of his natural enviroment.

Adult↗