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Biomedical subjects

S M Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to S M Sanders.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Wound healing.

Wounds and wound healing have been studied in the medical arena for centuries, however, in recent decades new advances have emerged in this extensive field. Currently, the wound healing process is studied at the molecular level giving new insights to the physiological process of wound closure and the lack thereof. With development of new treatment modalities the potential for earlier wound closure and ultimately increased quality of life for chronic wound patients is emerging. As understanding of the delicate balance of molecules within the wound increases, options for treating patients will also increase. Again, an understanding of the wound healing process is vital not only when employing these new treatment options, but also for proper patient care.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2001

The use of becaplermin (rhPDGF-BB) gel for chronic nonhealing ulcers. A retrospective analysis.

Chronic, nonhealing wounds have plagued health care practitioners for decades. New research and technology have allowed the wound healing process to be understood at a cellular and molecular level, including the vital role of growth factors. This article discusses the effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on the wound healing process, emphasizing the inflammatory stage of wound healing and principles of wound care. Preclinical and clinical studies evaluating recombinant human PDGF-BB (rhPDGF-BB) (becaplermin gel) also are discussed. Lastly, the results of a retrospective analysis evaluating the use of rhPDGF-BB at Broadlawns Medical Center (Des Moines, IA) are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Development and characterization of a cell line from Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, sensitive to both naphthalene cytotoxicity and infection by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus.

A cell line, PHL, has been successfully established from newly hatched herring larvae. The cells are maintained in growth medium consisting of Leibovitz's L-15 supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and have been cryopreserved and maintain viability after thawing. These cells retain a diploid karotype after 65 population doublings. PHL are susceptible to infection by the North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) virus, and are sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of naphthalene, a common environmental contaminant. Naphthalene is a component of crude and refined oil, and may be found in the marine environment following acute events such as oil spills. In addition, chronic sources of naphthalene contamination include offshore drilling and petroleum contamination from areas such as docks and marinas that have creosote-treated docks and pilings and also receive constant small inputs of petroleum products. This cell line should be useful for investigations of the toxicity of naphthalene and other petroleum components to juvenile herring. In addition, studies of the VHS virus will be facilitated by the availability of a susceptible cell line from an alternative species.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The "common sense" of the nonprofit hospital tax exemption: a policy analysis.

Although rarely discussed prior to the 1985 Utah Supreme Court ruling against Intermountain Health Care Inc., the question of whether to grant tax exemptions to nonprofit hospitals is currently being debated by federal, state, and local legislators, and by the courts. Changes to current policy seem likely. This policy analysis: (1) presents the historical and legal background; (2) examines the economic, political, and organizational implications of current tax-exemption policy; and (3) offers three alternatives to this current policy. The analysis indicates that the current policy provides little incentive for nonprofit hospitals to make contributions of charity care. Of the alternatives, eliminating the exemption is not politically feasible at this time; regulating hospital operations and outputs portends an implementation nightmare; and tying tax subsidy levels to output levels of charity care--perhaps the strongest and most efficient incentive--would require an unlikely political consensus on what constitute valid and reliable measures of charity care. If there is a movement toward subsidies, then linking subsidy amounts to levels of charity care will depend on whether policy analysts can design satisfactory empirical measures. With the advent of universal health coverage, the demand for charity care will decrease. The problem for tax-exempt hospitals will then become justifying the exemption by demonstrating the extent to which they generate community benefits at no or reduced cost to society.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1993

Measuring charitable contributions: implications for the nonprofit hospital's tax-exempt status.

Since 1985, some nonprofit hospitals have tried to measure the magnitude of their charitable contributions in order to protect themselves from challenges to their nonprofit tax-exempt status. Using a sample of 562 Catholic nonprofit hospitals, this research shows that these charitable contributions may be defined and measured in several different ways, each having methodological advantages and disadvantages. The data indicate that charity care contributions vary widely, are unequally distributed across the sample of hospitals, and are influenced by the characteristics of the people in the local community and not by the characteristics of the health care delivery system. These findings suggest that legislators may be correct when questioning the rationale for the tax-exemption accorded to virtually all nonprofit hospitals. Further, it suggests that nonprofit hospital administrators can protect the tax-exempt status of their hospital by emphasizing the charitable contributions it makes by absorbing the unreimbursed costs from Medicare and Medicaid.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1993

Radiographic assessment of coxarthrosis following slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A 32-year follow-up study of 151 hips.

In all, 108 patients (151 hips) previously treated for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), were evaluated radiographically for assessment of coxarthrosis at an average age of 47 years. Five projections were obtained of each hip (supine a.p., supine modified frog lateral, standing a.p., standing anterolateral oblique, and standing posterolateral oblique) and the superior, anterior, and posterior joint space heights were measured (abnormal: superior < or = 3.0 mm and/or anterior and/or posterior < or = 2.5 mm). Sixty-three hips (42%) had joint space narrowing in at least one projection. The standing a.p. and 2 lateral oblique views identified 54 hips as abnormal, and the supine a.p. and modified frog lateral views uncovered an additional 9. The supine a.p. view was the least helpful; 12 abnormal hips on the standing a.p. view were normal on the supine a.p. view. Isolated narrowing in the anterior and/or posterior joint space was found in 9 hips (6%). These changes could only be assessed by the 2 lateral oblique views. Our results illustrate that a combination of standing radiographs, visualising the circumference of the articular space of the hip joint, and modified frog lateral projections is necessary to fully identify coxarthrosis in hips previously treated for SCFE.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Laetrile toxicity studies in dogs.

Dogs were fed laetrile and fresh, sweet almonds under various conditions. The doses of laetrile were similar to those prescribed for patients with cancer and ranged on a basis of gram to square meter from an equivalent of the oral dose for man to five times this dose. Six of the ten dogs died of cyanide poisoning. One dog recovered, and three dogs, at the time of sacrifice, demonstrated various levels of neurologic impairment, ranging from difficulty in walking to coma. These studies demonstrate that oral laetrile is highly toxic when taken with some common table foods. We predict that there will be an increased incidence of cyanide poisoning in man as laetrile becomes more readily available.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defining the value of community benefits. Analyzing the kinds of goods society produces clarifies hospitals' charity care contribution.

Community benefits occur when a hospital bears all or part of the relatively unquantifiable costs of promoting, sponsoring, or engaging in religious, educational, scientific, or health-related activities designed to improve community health. By the very nature of their health-related activities, not-for-profit hospitals make extensive and varied contributions to community benefit. When a hospital free clinic inoculates a child for measles, the community as a whole benefits because the inoculation reduces the chance that measles will spread. Not-for-profit hospitals also provide many goods that are "undersupplied" by the for-profit private sector or the public sector, such as research, trauma centers used disproportionately by self-pay patients, and advocacy to rid the community of health hazards. Moreover, a number of factors impose a legal and normative obligation on not-for-profit hospitals to engage in activities that benefit the community. These include Internal Revenue Service rules governing tax exemption, hospitals' fiduciary responsibilities to philanthropic donors, their obligations as "institutional actors" in their communities, and their mission to reach out to the poor and underserved.

Catholicism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Catholic hospitals and community benefit activities. A comparative inventory of policies and programs reveals a wide range of services.

Results from a 1990 survey of 595 acute care, short-term, U.S. Catholic hospitals help identify and describe the most and least common community benefit activities and propose ways Catholic healthcare providers can become more involved in their local communities. The response rate for this mailed, self-administered questionnaire was 72 percent (n = 429). The survey data indicated that Catholic hospitals engaged in a variety of healthcare efforts in their local communities. These efforts ranged from occasional activities (e.g., delivering food baskets to the needy at Christmastime) to sponsoring long-term programs (e.g., continuing case management). To expand involvement throughout the community, hospitals can do the following relatively low-cost tasks: Have volunteers visit area residents in their homes and report their findings. Sponsor focus groups (facilitated by graduate students from area colleges and universities) that include the various community members. Assess the human needs of the communities that surround the hospital. Graduate students may conduct preliminary studies to identify the scope and variety of community healthcare needs.

Catholicism↗