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Biomedical subjects

S M Marretta

Publications and source records attributed to S M Marretta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Endodontic treatment and metal crown restoration of a fractured maxillary right fourth premolar tooth: a case report.

A 2 year-old, spayed female Shetland sheepdog presented with a fractured maxillary right fourth premolar tooth during oral examination for a dental prophylaxis. Seven months after conventional root canal therapy was performed, the tooth was prepared for non-precious metal, full crown restoration, which was cemented in place 1 month after crown margin preparation. During re-examination for an unrelated problem 6 months later, the metal crown was in place and there was no evidence of further fracture of the tooth.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Periodontal and dental lesions in raccoons from a farming and a recreational area in Illinois.

Dental health was evaluated in two populations of raccoons (Procyon lotor) in western Illinois (USA); one was from a rural agricultural area with low human density and the other from a nearby state park heavily used by humans and raccoons. From 1989 through 1993, 300 raccoons were live-trapped in the agricultural area and 246 raccoons were live-trapped in the park. Oral health was assessed using gingival and calculi indices and by measuring loss of attachment and tooth wear. Raccoons from the park were significantly older and smaller, but not thinner, than raccoons from the farmed area. Gingival and periodontal indices, tooth wear, tooth loss, and caries increased significantly from juveniles to yearlings to adults, at both sites. Males had higher levels of gingivitis and loss of periodontal attachment than females, but were similar on other dental measures. There were no seasonal differences between raccoons in dental indices. Animals with high scores for one oral measure tended to have high values for all indices. Dental health was generally good for juveniles and yearlings from both sites. Among adults, periodontal indices and the prevalence of caries were significantly higher in the park, but prevalence of broken or missing teeth was similar for both populations. There was no association between body condition, and a higher dental score or more missing or broken teeth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Maxillofacial surgery.

Maxillofacial surgery in dogs includes the management of jaw fractures various palatal surgical procedures, the management of oral tumors, and the surgical management of miscellaneous maxillofacial problems. Miscellaneous maxillofacial problems that may require surgical intervention include dentigenous cysts, bone sequestra or osteomyelitis, and an inability to open or close the month. Careful perioperative planning of maxillofacial surgical procedures will help ensure a successful outcome.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cutaneous antimicrobial preparation prior to intravenous catheterization in healthy dogs: clinical, microbiological, and histopathological evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a one-minute chlorhexidine gluconate skin preparation protocol prior to cephalic vein catheterization. Twenty-three healthy beagle dogs had one leg aseptically prepared and the opposite leg served as a control. Twenty-six- and 77-hour time groups were studied. Chlorhexidine-treated legs had significantly lower cutaneous bacterial counts than the control legs prior to catheter insertion and prior to catheter withdrawal for both time groups. Control legs developed significantly more dermatitis than the treated legs after 77 h. A one-minute preparation with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate was an effective method for sustained reduction of cutaneous bacterial counts at peripheral intravenous catheter insertion points in dogs. Increased cutaneous bacterial counts were associated with significantly more microscopic dermatitis in untreated legs after 77 h of catheterization.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of marking materials for cutaneous surgical margins.

Microscopic evaluation of the margins of excised cutaneous neoplasms is of paramount importance for determining that neoplastic tissue does not extend to the excision borders. Dyes or pigments that indelibly mark the tissue should be more reliable than sectioning techniques or suture markers for identifying the surgical margins before and after tissue processing. We evaluated 5 pigments to select a material that could be rapidly applied by surgeons, and readily identified on histologic section by the pathologists. Twenty normal canine skin specimens were assigned to each of 5 groups. Each group was treated with artists' pigments in acetone, India ink in acetone, alcian blue, typists' correction fluid, or a commercially available marking kit. Ten specimens within each group were marked before formalin fixation, and 10 were marked after fixation. Application properties, fixation and processing properties, and microscopic characteristics were evaluated for each material. Application properties were acceptable for all marking materials on unfixed specimens, and for alcian blue, India ink in acetone, and correction fluid on fixed specimens. Fixation and processing properties were acceptable for all materials except correction fluid. All marking materials survived fixation and processing, and colors were readily visualized under the microscope. Microscopic characteristics were acceptable for alcian blue, India ink in acetone, and the commercial kit. Overall, alcian blue was the best marking material, with India ink in acetone and the commercial kit also acceptable. Correction fluid and artist' pigments in acetone were not acceptable because pigment fragmentation and incomplete tissue coverage hindered microscopic evaluation of resection margins.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of bite force in dogs: a pilot study.

A force transducer was developed to measure bite force in dogs. A total of 101 readings was obtained from 22 pet dogs ranging in size from 7 to 55 kg. Bite forces ranged from 13 to 1394 Newtons with a mean for all dogs of 256 Newtons and a median of 163 Newtons. Most measurements fell within the low end of the range, with 55% of the biting episodes less than 200 Newtons and 77% less than 400 Newtons.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Development of a teaching model for surgical endodontic access sites in the dog.

A dolicocephalic canine skull was used to develop a teaching and study model for surgical endodontic access sites of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth. Coronal endodontic access sites were created, and endodontic files were inserted through the access preparation into the root canal system. The teeth were radiographed to determine the ideal surgical access points. Barium markers were placed over these points and each tooth was radiographed again to confirm the appropriate location of the marker. Surgical accesses to the apices were created by drilling through the barium markers and underlying bone. Following localization of the apices, apicoectomies were performed, exposing the apical portion of the pulp canal. The maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, the maxillary fourth premolar tooth, and the mandibular first molar tooth and surrounding bone were harvested from a similar dolicocephalic dog following euthanasia. The specimens were embedded in methylmethacrylate, sectioned, and mounted on slides to reveal the structures located around the surgical access sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Chronic rhinitis and dental disease.

Whenever an animal is examined because of chronic rhinitis, the dentition should be carefully examined to rule out the possibility of a primary dental problem. Oral examination under heavy sedation or general anesthesia is necessary to diagnose many of these cases. A periodontal probe is used in detecting deep periodontal pockets that extend into the nasal cavity or maxillary sinus. A dental explorer is used to reveal pulpal exposure secondary to dental fractures or rapid dental wear or attrition. Careful oral examination is used to localize any oronasal or oroantral fistula from a previously lost tooth. Dental radiographs help to reveal the extent of alveolar bone pathology. An assessment of all these findings will result in an accurate diagnosis of the primary cause of the chronic rhinitis, which will in turn facilitate appropriate treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Classification and prognostic factors of endodontic-periodontic lesions in the dog.

The classification of the possible pathologic relationships between the periodontium and endodontium in man includes three separate groups. This classification system is adapted for utilization in the dog to clarify the appropriate treatment and prognosis of dog's teeth affected with endodontic-periodontic lesions. This article describes the classification and treatment planning with illustrations of each type.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Development of a teaching model for coronal access to the canine dentition.

A dolichocephalic canine skull was utilized to develop a teaching and study model for coronal access cavity preparation of the dentition. The teeth from the right side of the skull were extracted. Each tooth was radiographed in two planes to localize the "ideal" endodontic access point. Barium markers were placed over these points and each tooth was radiographed again to confirm the appropriate location of the marker. Access was created by drilling through the barium marker. Then, K-files were inserted through the access preparation into the root canal system. The teeth were radiographed with the K-files in place to verify straight pathways to the apices. Straight line access to the apex was obtained in all teeth. Creation of this model provides an opportunity for the veterinary dental student to develop and refine skills used in performing endodontic therapy. The model can be utilized by the veterinary dental practitioner in clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Split palatal U-flap: a new technique for repair of caudal hard palate defects.

Oronasal fistulas located in the central portion of the hard palate can be surgically repaired using a transposition flap of hard palate mucoperiosteum from tissue adjacent to the defect. The purpose of this report is to describe a new technique, the split palatal U-flap, for the surgical repair of large caudal hard palate defects in the dog and cat. A description of this new technique and case reports of a dog and a cat in which this technique was utilized to repair caudal hard palate defects are included.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma (paraganglioma) in a cat.

Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma (paraganglioma) arising from periadrenal tissue was diagnosed in an 18-year-old spayed domestic shorthair cat. The tumor was palpable on physical examination, but not apparent on plain radiographs. The cat developed temporary cardiac arrhythmia while the mass was being handled during excision, suggesting that the tumor was functional. The tumor was characterized histologically by nests and sheets of neoplastic cells separated by thin, vascular stroma. The cells had abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. Diffuse, dark, intracytoplasmic granules were seen in sections stained with Grimelius stain. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained round and oblong, membrane-limited, dense core neurosecretory-type granules. Serotonin was detected in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells by use of immunocytochemical analysis.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Urinary calculi associated with portosystemic shunts in six dogs.

Portosystemic shunts were diagnosed in 6 dogs with urinary calculi and signs of neurologic disease. Five of the dogs were initially examined because of neurologic signs, and 1 was seen because of urinary tract problems. The composition of the calculi was variable, but in all 13 episodes of calculi formation, the calculi contained an ammonium or uric acid component. One dog is being controlled under medical management; 4 of the dogs died, and 1 was euthanatized. The interpretation of pathogenesis was that decreased delivery of blood to the liver due to shunting or decreased liver function can potentially result in high blood concentrations of ammonia and uric acid, both of which are metabolic end products cleared by the kidneys; thus, the urinary tract would be an excellent environment for the precipitation of their salts.

Ammonia↗