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Biomedical subjects

S M Markham

Publications and source records attributed to S M Markham.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Structural anomalies of the reproductive tract.

Structural anomalies of the female reproductive tract may be divided into disorders of lateral fusion and disorders of vertical fusion of the Müllerian duct system. In the past, these disorders were diagnosed at or after menarche or later in life during evaluation of various forms of reproductive tract failure, such as infertility and pregnancy wastage. Newer techniques including pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have allowed diagnosis in the pediatric patient and on occasion, even in utero. Surgical correction of lateral-fusion defects (didelphic, bicornuate, septate, and unicornuate uteri) have remained essentially unchanged except for surgical reconstruction of the septate uterus. Surgical correction of vertical defects (vaginal septi and cervical agenesis or dysgenesis) has received considerable recent interest with the development of newer techniques that may be more effective than the reconstructive procedures of the past.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of the menstrual cycle and of decompression stress on arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and on intrinsic platelet thromboxane production in women compared with men.

Menstrual cycle variations in platelet aggregation and thromboxane production in association with sex steroids have been reported. External stimuli such as decompression sickness have been associated with clotting activity changes, specifically, increased platelet aggregation. Differences in response of platelets from women and men, when subjected to such a stress, have been observed. This study evaluated the ability of washed platelets from women in the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle to aggregate in response to arachidonic acid and the aggregation difference between washed platelets from women and men in response to decompression stress and arachidonic acid. Additionally, platelet thromboxane production differences between the assessed platelet populations were compared. Our results indicate no difference in platelet aggregability between phases of the menstrual cycle. A significant aggregation difference between platelets from women and men was noted. Platelets from women were more sensitive to arachidonic acid aggregation. These differences were not affected by decompression stress. No difference in thromboxane B2 production was noted between the platelet populations evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Microgravity testing a surgical isolation containment system for space station use.

Anticipated hazards for crewmembers in future long term space flights may result in a variety of injuries including trauma and burns. Management of these injuries will require special techniques because of the lack of gravity, limitations of space and environmental restrictions. A small surgical isolation containment system was developed and tested in microgravity. The chamber provided both protection of the injury and of the cabin environment and is felt to be the most effective means of trauma and burn care in future Health Maintenance Facilities planned for prolonged space exposure.

Operating Rooms↗
PubMed1989

Extrapelvic endometriosis.

Extrapelvic endometriosis has been reported in nearly every organ system of the human female body. The etiology of this disease may well be due to one or more factors. Though less common than pelvic disease, extrapelvic endometriosis is often difficult to diagnose and more difficult to treat. Our experience combined with a review of world literature is presented focusing on diagnosis and management.

Endometriosis↗
PubMed1989

Deploying and testing an expandable surgical chamber in microgravity.

Prolonged spaceflights will increase the possibility of injury to flight crews and mission personnel. These injuries are anticipated to include foreign body injury, mechanical injury, and burns. Surgical repair of these injuries must take into consideration problems of contamination of the injury as well as contamination of the Space Station or transport vehicle environment. Use of a portable expandable surgical chamber is felt to be the most efficient and effective means of providing necessary surgical care in a Space Station environment. A first prototype expandable surgical chamber has been developed and tested in zero gravity. A second prototype has now been developed and will be tested.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endometriosis: appearance and detection with conventional and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed spin-echo techniques.

Suspected pelvic endometriosis was prospectively evaluated in 31 women with T1- and T2-weighted conventional spin-echo (CSE) magnetic resonance imaging alone and in combination with T1-weighted fat-suppressed (T1FS) and gadolinium-enhanced T1FS (Gd-T1FS) spin-echo techniques. Images were grouped for interpretation and comparison as follows: (a) CSE alone, (b) CSE/T1FS, and (c) CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS. All patients underwent surgery within 3 months of imaging, and 21 patients were found to have endometriosis: 59 endometriomas (26 large and 33 small) and 51 sites of implants were seen. With CSE images, 23 large and six small endometriomas were detected. With CSE/T1FS images, 25 large and 14 small endometriomas were identified. With CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS images, 24 large and 14 small endometriomas were detected and ill-defined areas of enhancement were noted in 22 sites throughout the pelvis. These corresponded to endometriotic implants seen at surgery in 14 sites. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, for the detection of endometriosis were 76%, 60%, and 71% for CSE, 86%, 50%, and 74% for CSE/T1FS, and 81%, 50%, and 71% for CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS images. No significant differences (P > .1) between image combinations for correctly identifying patients with and without endometriosis were seen. The difference in sensitivity between CSE and CSE/T1FS and between CSE and CSE/T1FS/Gd-T1FS images for detecting small endometriomas was significant (P = .03).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endometriosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Combined Modality Therapy↗