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Biomedical subjects

S M Kim

Publications and source records attributed to S M Kim.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The "count loss" artifact in Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte SPECT of the abdomen.

During SPECT studies of the abdomen with Tc-99m labeled autologous leukocytes, the authors had observed false defects involving the vertebral bodies of the lower thoracic spine in two patients. To investigate this "count loss" artifact, a phantom simulating liver, spleen, and spine was constructed. Four clinical situations were simulated by positioning cylinders in the different locations: normal spine-spleen model, normal liver-spine-spleen model, spine-enlarged spleen model, and enlarged liver-spine-enlarged spleen model. SPECT studies were performed at different concentration ratios between the spleen and the spine on the disparate models with varying distance from the spleen to the spine. The results showed that the count loss artifact is not only related to the concentration ratio between the structures but also is related to the size, position, and distance between the structures. The correction steps for this artifact include: 1) identifying average count value of the spine and spleen from ECT sinogram count data, and 2) replacing the original high-count value in the spleen by the count value close to the average value at the region of the spine in the 120 raw projection data. Using these new modified ECT data, the reconstructed orthogonal images are almost free of the count loss artifact.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Brain SPECT artifact in multidetector SPECT system.

Stringent quality control cannot be overemphasized in performing SPECT. SPECT artifacts related to camera uniformity, center of rotation, and the patient's motion are well recognized. In this communication, another rare cause of a SPECT artifact related to a triad system is reported. A triple-headed SPECT system was accidentally equipped with two ultrahigh-resolution collimators and a general all-purpose collimator during a brain SPECT study, causing a false cerebral blood flow defect.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Epstein-Barr virus associated posttransplant malignant lymphoma in renal allograft recipients.

We report two cases of posttransplant malignant lymphoma(PTML) of B cell origin associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection. They were a 52-year-old male and a 37 year-old-female, in whom intermediate-grade diffuse malignant lymphomas of large cell type developed in the submandibular area and jejunum, respectively. DNA and RNA in situ hybridization revealed the presence of EBV-specific DNA and RNA sequences in the tumor cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to purified protein derivative and lipoarabinomannan antigen in cerebrospinal fluid.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of immunoglobulin G (IgG) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera was conducted prospectively in 27 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) by using purified protein derivative (PPD) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigens, from January 1989 to August 1990. 29 patients with aseptic meningitis and 49 patients with non-inflammatory neurological illnesses served as controls. All patients had a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head before a lumbar puncture. The IgG antibodies to the antigens were significantly elevated in TBM, and the reactivity was more frequently positive in the CSF than in the sera, suggesting a local synthesis of IgG in the central nervous system (CNS). The sensitivity and the specificity for the diagnosis of TBM were 59.2% and 93.9% for PPD antigen, and 85.2% and 95.9% for LAM antigen, respectively. Assay of IgG reactivity to LAM antigen was clinically very useful for the early diagnosis of TBM and was superior to PPD for detecting the serological evidence of TBM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical, laboratory, and scintigraphic manifestations of subacute and chronic thyroiditis.

The term "thyroiditis" refers to several syndromes of differing etiology. Chronic or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune disorder that is manifested by goiter and hypothyroidism, is by far the most common of these syndromes. Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) encompasses two distinct syndromes: subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SAGT) and subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis (SLT). SAGT is viral in origin and usually presents with neck tenderness and hyperthyroid symptoms, while SLT, which is likely to be an autoimmune entity, results in goiter and transient hyperthyroidism. SLT is often seen in the postpartum period and is referred to as postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). Less common forms of thyroiditis include Riedel's struma, which is characterized by extensive fibrosis of the thyroid gland, and acute suppurative thyroiditis, which is a bacterial infection. Twenty patients with goiter were evaluated by thyroid scintigraphy. They were ultimately diagnosed as having either HT (14), SAGT (3), SLT (1), or PPT (2). Their scan findings were correlated with both clinical presentations as well as in vitro laboratory analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Scintigraphic recognition of papillary muscles and papillary muscle ischemia.

During stress thallium imaging, papillary muscles (anterolateral and posteromedial) appear scintigraphically as focal regions of enhanced activity in sites corresponding to their anatomic position. In the normal case, enhancement after exercise is greater than or equal to enhancement at rest. With papillary muscle ischemia, the involved papillary muscle demonstrates more enhanced activity at rest than at postexercise. This pattern change with papillary muscle ischemia was observed in four patients. Three cases demonstrated complete reversal of those ischemic changes after angioplasty and the remaining case failed to show any significant improvement after angioplasty.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1993

Brain SPECT in a patient with post-stroke hallucination.

A patient developed visual hallucinations following a left-sided cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO demonstrated increased perfusion at the biparieto-occipital lobes. Following antiepileptic medication, repeat brain SPECT showed interval decrease in perfusion in the same areas with the symptomatic relief of hallucinatory episode. While it is possible that the interval decrease is due to natural resolution, the authors believe that it is likely due to drug treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The attenuation effect in brain SPECT.

False perfusion defects simulating Alzheimer's disease can be attributed to skull thickness and head holders of a SPECT scan table. Brain phantom SPECT was performed using a different type of head holder in order to evaluate the effect of attenuation due to head holders and skull thickness on brain SPECT. Skull thickness was measured in 10 normal or non-Alzheimer's patients and 10 patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease. Visual and quantitative analysis of regional perfusion showed a 19% count loss due to attenuation by commercially available head holders and average skull thickness, less than 18% count difference between frontal-temporal and parietal-occipital skull in non-Alzheimer's disease patients, and more than 22% count difference observed in suspected Alzheimer's patients.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1993

Thyroid scintigraphy of hyperthyroxinemia.

The term "hyperthyroxinemia" encompasses clinical syndromes associated with elevated levels of thyroid hormone in the presence of increased, normal, or decreased thyroid function. The clinical presentation (i.e., history and physical examination), in vitro thyroid function tests, as well as radioisotope thyroid imaging all play key roles in the diagnosis of the underlying thyroid disorder. Many of these disorders and their appearance on thyroid scintigraphy are presented in this atlas.

Adult↗