Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S M Innis

Publications and source records attributed to S M Innis.

114 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Alteration of erythrocyte lipid composition following total parenteral nutrition in the rat.

Rats were infused continuously for 7 days with a complete total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution in which 27.5% total calories were given as a parenteral lipid emulsion containing soybean oil (Liposyn) or safflower oil (Intralipid) emulsified with egg phospholipid (PL). Compared to sham-operated rats fed chow, the erythrocyte membranes from rats given TPN with lipid emulsion had increased cholesterol and PL but normal molar cholesterol:PL ratios. The fatty acid changes in sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine, in particular, suggested replacement of endogenous PL with the exogenous egg PL infused with the emulsion. The changes in membrane lipid composition were accompanied by greater resistance of the cells from rats given TPN to osmotic lysis in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing infant feeding practices of mothers in Vancouver.

This study describes factors influencing infant feeding choices of 434 mothers with 9-month-old infants in Vancouver. Consistent with Social Cognitive Theory, both internal personal and socio-environmental factors influence infant feeding choices. Mothers attributed the choice to breastfeed primarily to personal choice, whereas the choice to formula feed was attributed to socio-environmental factors. Among mothers who breastfed < 3 months, the choice to wean was primarily attributed to concern for baby's nutrition; compared to returning to work, concern about milk supply and concern for baby's nutrition among those who breastfed > or = 3 to < 6 months; and returning to work and personal choice among those who breastfed > or = 6 months. Among Caucasian mothers, the choice to wean was primarily attributed to returning to work, compared to concern for baby's nutrition among non-Caucasian mothers. Initiatives to facilitate further advances in breastfeeding promotion could address three areas: 1) prenatal intentions, 2) early postpartum concerns, and 3) later issues surrounding returning to work and infant nutrition.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical and functional approaches to study of fatty acid requirements for very premature infants.

Plasma and RBC omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids reflect the composition of these fatty acids in the diet, and their analyses seem unlikely to add little more to studies on infant fatty acid requirements than evidence that the milk or formula diet was adhered to. Tests of visual function, cognitive, and motor skill development, however, are sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate significant differences between groups of infants fed diets that differ only in fatty acid composition. These functional tests offer the potential for future research with modified formulas or expressed milk to determine not only fatty acid requirements but also to further fundamental understanding of the role of specific omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in CNS development and function.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breastfeeding and weaning practices in Vancouver.

This study describes infant feeding practices in Vancouver during the first nine months after birth, as compared with the Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS) guidelines and results of studies from other parts of Canada. Information on feeding practices and family background was obtained from parents of 434 nine-month-old infants by questionnaire and diet history. The overall rate of breastfeeding initiation was 82.9%, but this differed significantly between Caucasian (91.6%) and non-Caucasian (56.8%) mothers. Introduction of solid foods occurred at ages consistent with CPS recommendations, but only 18.2% of mothers still breastfed at nine months' postpartum. Breastfeeding practices were significantly associated with the mothers' marital status, education and family income. Women who were single, had no post-secondary education, or had a family income of less than $30,000 were least likely to breastfeed, or to do so for longer durations. The development of educational and support systems to encourage longer breastfeeding among different ethnic and socioeconomic groups should be a priority for infant nutrition initiatives.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of iron-deficiency anaemia and depleted iron stores among nine-month-old infants in Vancouver, Canada.

The iron status and feeding practices of 434 infants in Vancouver were determined at 39 +/- 1 week of age. Iron-deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin < or = 101 g/L, or < or = 110 g/L with two or three abnormal results from tests of serum ferritin, zinc erythrocyte protoporphyrin and total iron binding capacity) occurred in 7% of infants. Low iron stores (serum ferritin < 10 micrograms/l) occurred in about 24% of infants. Iron-deficiency anaemia was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with duration of breastfeeding. The prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia among infants breastfed for 8 months was 15%. At 39 weeks (9 months) of age, about 5% and 13% of the infants were bottle-fed with cows milk or low iron infant formula, respectively, and this was also significantly associated (p < 0.02) with low iron stores. Iron-fortified infant cereals had been introduced to 95% of the infants by six months of age. This study shows iron-deficiency anaemia is a problem among a significant number of nine-month-old infants in Canada, and is not explained by failure to introduce iron-fortified infant cereals.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗