Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S M Goyal

Publications and source records attributed to S M Goyal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Evaluation of pregnant rabbits as a laboratory model for bovid herpesvirus-4 infection.

A field strain (87-8363) of bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) isolated from an aborted bovine fetus was used to inoculate pregnant rabbits. Eleven rabbits in midgestation were alloted to 4 groups consisting of 3 infected groups and 1 control group. Rabbits were inoculated with BHV-4 or mock-infected cell culture preparations via IV, intravaginal, and intrauterine routes. Mild vulvovaginitis and endometritis were observed after intravaginal and IV inoculation of BHV-4, whereas intrauterine inoculation of BHV-4 resulted in abortion of hemorrhagic fetuses and nonsuppurative endometritis. Virus was successfully isolated from organ explants of fetal tissues. Rabbits seroconverted 1 week after infection as detected by results of an indirect immunofluorescence assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clinicopathologic analysis of herpesvirus-induced urinary tract infection in specific-pathogen-free cats given methylprednisolone.

The clinicopathologic manifestations of bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4; FCAHV strain)-induced infection of the lower portion of the urinary tract were characterized in 12 adult neutered male and 6 female specific-pathogen-free cats, and were compared with those in 12 neutered male control cats. Six neutered male and 6 female cats were given immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate prior to inoculation of their urinary bladders with BHV-4. Six neutered male control cats were given immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate prior to inoculation of their urinary bladders with uninfected tissue culture control inoculum. Six additional neutered male control cats were exposed only to uninfected tissue culture control inoculum. All cats were observed for 90 days following inoculation. Dysuria and gross hematuria were observed in only 1 BHV-4-exposed cat. Radiographic abnormalities of the lower portion of the urinary tract were not observed. Microscopic hematuria, crystalluria, and lipiduria were identified with similar frequency in BHV-4-exposed and control cats. Results of urine culturing for bacteria, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and viruses were negative. Viruses were not isolated from blood leukocytes collected from exposed or control cats. Three to 6 weeks after inoculation, high concentrations of BHV-4 serum antibodies were detected in all exposed cats by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Light microscopic examination of the urinary tract revealed multifocal lymphoid cystitis in 2 BHV-4-exposed cats. Except for suppurative bronchitis in 1 BHV-4-exposed cat given glucocorticoids, morphologic differences in urinary and extraurinary tissues were not observed. In urinary bladder tissue collected 90 days after inoculation, BHV-4 was reisolated from urinary bladder explants of all but 1 exposed cat. Virus was also isolated from a kidney explant of 1 exposed male cat, and spleen cell co-cultures of 1 exposed female cat given glucocorticoids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clinicopathologic and pathologic findings of herpesvirus-induced urinary tract infection in conventionally reared cats.

Clinicopathologic manifestations of induced infection of the feline lower urinary tract with bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4, strain FCAHV) were characterized in 6 conventionally reared adult cats (2 sexually intact males, 2 castrated males, and 2 females). Two additional control cats were exposed with noninfected cell culture control inoculum. Clinical and radiographic signs of lower urinary tract disease were not observed in exposed or control cats. Microscopic hematuria was detected in urine samples collected by cystocentesis from 4 to 6 exposed cats and 1 of 2 control cats. Results of culture of urine for bacteria, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, and viruses were consistently negative. Low titer of serum BHV-4 (strain FCAHV)-neutralizing antibodies was detected in 4 of 6 exposed cats, but not in controls. Gross abnormalities of the urinary tract were not observed in any cat. Light microscopic examination of serial sections of the lower urinary tract revealed mild focal lymphoid cystitis in 2 of 6 exposed cats, one of which also had increased amounts of connective tissue and proliferation of blood vessels in the urinary bladder lamina propria. Ninety days after initial exposure, BHV-4 (strain FCAHV) was reisolated from explanted urinary bladder tissues of 5 of 6 exposed cats. Virus was not isolated from tissues of control cats. It was concluded that BHV-4 (strain FCAHV) establishes persistent urinary tract infection in conventionally reared adult male and female cats. However, persistent BHV-4 infection in cats may remain clinically inapparent.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Temperature-sensitive gel for virus concentration from urine.

Cross-linked, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide gels (temperature-sensitive gels) with the property to swell at 4 degrees C and collapse at higher temperatures (greater than 19 degrees C) were used to concentrate bacteriophage T-2 from urine. Samples of urine, 50 ml, seeded with bacteriophage T-2 were reduced to approximately 5 ml, with an average virus recovery of 53%. Subsequent experiments with feline cell-associated herpes virus resulted in a 6-fold decrease in volume with 54% virus recovery. The gel could be used repeatedly without any loss in efficiency.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1989

Diagnostic investigation of bovine viral diarrhea infection in a Minnesota dairy herd.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus infection was diagnosed in neonatal calves with enteritis. Successful diagnostic procedures included direct immunofluorescence of frozen tissue sections, histopathology, and virus isolation. Virus isolation from buffy coats and serum was successful in detecting infected animals, whereas direct immunofluorescence of buffy coat samples was found to be less reliable. Virus was not isolated from any fecal samples. Booster vaccinations and the culling of animals shedding virus resulted in improved calf viability in this herd. It is suggested that procedures for the diagnosis of BVD virus infection should always be included in the diagnosis of neonatal calf enteritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Genetic and serologic analysis of feline cell-associated herpesvirus-induced infection of the urinary tract in conventionally reared cats.

The genetic and antigenic nature of feline cell-associated herpesvirus (FeCAHV) was characterized by use of DNA restriction endonuclease analysis, and direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) techniques. Serologic responses of 6 conventionally reared cats with induced FeCAHV urinary tract infection were retrospectively evaluated, using an indirect FA test. The EcoRI, HindIII, and Pst I restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of FeCAHV DNA were similar to those of bovid herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4; DN599 strain) DNA. Specific fluorescence was observed when FeCAHV-inoculated cell monolayers were reacted with fluorescein-conjugated BHV-4 (DN599 strain) antiserum. Conversely, specific fluorescence was also observed when feline anti-FeCAHV serum and fluorescein-conjugated caprine anti-feline IgG was reacted with BHV-4 (DN599 strain)-infected cell monolayers. At postinoculation week 10, serum antibody titer in cats with FeCAHV-induced urinary tract infection ranged from 1:2,560 to 1:10,240, as measured by use of indirect FA testing. It was concluded that FeCAHV is a member of the BHV-4 group. In addition, the FeCAHV indirect FA test provides a sensitive and specific means of evaluating FeCAHV antibody concentration in exposed cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of bovid herpesvirus-4 and its antibody in cattle in Minnesota.

Serologic analyses and virus isolation studies were carried out to determine the role of bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) in infections in cattle, principally those of the reproductive tract. Serologic analyses were performed, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test on thoracic fluid specimens from aborted fetuses and on sera from 3 sources of adult cattle. Virus isolation was attempted from field cases of abortion, early embryo death, and postpartum vulvovaginitis/metritis, using uterine discharge and buffy coat preparations obtained from cows and tissues obtained from aborted fetuses. Of 420 fetal thoracic fluid specimens examined, 5 were positive for BHV-4 antibodies. Seventeen percent of adult cattle from 2 sources ie, clinically normal herds and abattoir cattle, were seropositive for BHV-4 antibodies. Cattle from a third source, 4 herds with high incidence of reproductive tract disorders, had a seroprevalence rate between 36 and 88%. Two isolates of BHV-4 were also obtained from this group. The overall incidence of BHV-4 antibodies in clinically normal cattle was higher than previously recognized, with relatively higher prevalence in herds having reproductive problems (chi 2 = 156.5, P less than 0.005). At least 10% of the BHV-4 antibody-positive sera did not have neutralizing antibody against bovine viral diarrhea virus and/or bovid herpesvirus-1, both important causes of bovine reproductive tract disorders.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1988

Propagation and quantitation of animal herpesviruses in eight cell culture systems.

A comparative study was carried out to determine the relative sensitivities of eight different cell culture systems to six different herpesviruses of animals. The cells used were: OFL (ovine fetal lung), ML (mink lung), FK (ferret kidney), PTK-2 (potoroo kidney), TEK (turkey embryo kidney), ED (equine dermal), BT (bovine turbinate), and PK15 (porcine kidney). The viruses tested were: PRV (pseudorabies) of swine, CPHV (caprine herpesvirus), IBRV (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus), DN-599 strain of bovine herpesvirus type 4, EHV-1 (equine herpesvirus), and CHV (canine herpesvirus). On the basis of virus titers obtained and the time of appearance of CPE (cytopathic effects), ML cells were found to be the most useful because of their sensitivity to all six viruses tested. BT and OFL cells were also found to be highly sensitive to all viruses with the exception of CHV.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Detection of parvoviruses in wolf feces by electron microscopy.

One hundred fifteen wolf (Canis lupus) feces were collected between 1980 and 1984 from northeastern Minnesota and were examined for canine parvovirus by negative contrast electron microscopy. Of these, seven (6%) samples revealed the presence of parvovirus. Some of these viruses were able to grow in cell cultures forming intranuclear inclusion bodies and giant cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of bibenzimidazole derivative Hoechst 33258 on virus replication.

Bibenzimidazole dye Hoechst 33258 (-2[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-benzymidazolyl]-6-(1-methyl-4-piperaz yl)- benzimidazole) has recently been described as an effective anti-Mycoplasma agent in cell cultures (Hellkuhl and Grzeschik, 1983). This study was done to determine if treatment of cells with Hoechst 33258 had any deleterious effect on the ability of these cells to propogate virus. Bovine turbinate (BT) and porcine kidney (PK15) cells were used for the propagation of bovine adeno, bovine respiratory syncytial, bovine virus diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, pseudorabies, porcine entero and the equine rhinopneumonitis viruses. Hoechst 33258-treated and untreated cells were found to yield similar titers for these viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of antibodies to seven viruses in a flock of ewes in Minnesota.

Blood samples were collected from a flock of healthy ewes at a University of Minnesota research station. Sera from these blood samples were tested for antibodies against 7 viruses, using 3 tests (eg, virus-neutralization test for bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus type 3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus; hemagglutination inhibition test for parainfluenza virus type 3; and agar-gel immunodiffusion test for lentivirus of ovine progressive interstitial pneumonia and bluetongue virus). The number of seropositive ewes for each antibody type were 1 of 377 (0.3%) for bovine viral diarrhea virus, 2 of 377 (0.5%) for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, 29 of 378 (7.6%) for bovine adenovirus type 3, 200 of 378 (52.5%) for bovine respiratory syncytial virus, 273 of 373 (71.7%) for parainfluenza virus type 3, and 210 of 379 (55%) for ovine progressive pneumonia virus. All ewes were seronegative for bluetongue virus antibodies.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of virus isolation, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy for the diagnosis of animal viruses.

Results of 539 virus-positive samples from animals during the past three years were analyzed to determine the sensitivity of three different techniques i.e. virus isolation (VI), direct immunofluorescence (DFA), and electron microscopy (EM). The results showed that most of the positive cases were diagnosed with the help of all three techniques, either alone or in different combinations. While VI and DFA were more effective for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea, pseudorabies and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses, EM was more sensitive for the detection of rota- and coronaviruses. The need for selective use of these tests for rapid diagnosis and the role of different factors affecting the sensitivity of these tests are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Susceptibility of various cell culture systems to pseudorabies virus.

A comparative study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of five different cell lines to pseudorabies virus (PRV), a herpes virus of pigs. The cell systems tested were swine testicle (ST), mink lung (ML), equine dermal (ED), porcine kidney (PK15), and bovine turbinate (BT) cells. Virus titers obtained were 10(4.88), 10(4.38), 10(3.75), 10(2.63), and 10(0.25) for ML, ST, PK15, BT and ED cells, respectively indicating that ML, ST, and PK15 are optimal cell lines for the growth of PRV whereas BT and ED are not very sensitive.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of three serotests for the detection of pseudorabies antibodies in pigs.

The serum-neutralization test (SN), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (RIDEA) were compared for the detection of pseudorabies (PRV) antibodies in swine sera. A total of 1285 serum samples were tested. All three tests were considered useful in determining the PRV antibody status of swine on a herd basis, but available evidence supports the continued use of SN as the definitive test because of possible false positive reactions associated with ELISA and RIDEA.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Use of temperature-sensitive gel for concentration of influenza virus from infected allantoic fluids.

Cross-linked, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel was used to concentrate avian influenza virus from allantoic fluid. Placing the gel in virus-infected allantoic fluid at 4 degrees C caused the gel to swell and absorb small molecular weight solutes, while excluding avian influenza virus and other large particles. Warming the gel to 37 degrees C or more caused the gel to collapse. The gel remained functional after sterilization in an autoclave and could be reused to concentrate other samples of allantoic fluid. Using a combined concentration and elution technique, we were able to achieve an average of 84.2% virus recovery, while reducing the fluid volume from 90 ml to 7.6 ml.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of electron microscopy with three commercial tests for the detection of rotavirus in animal feces.

Three commercial test kits were evaluated to detect the presence of rotavirus antigens in bovine, porcine, and turkey feces. Two of the assays, Rotalex (Medical Technology Corporation, Somerset, NJ) and Virogen-Rotatest (Wampole Labs, Cranbury, NJ) are latex agglutination tests (LA), while the third, Pathfinder (Kallestad, Austin, TX) is an enzyme immunoassay. The clinical usefulness of these assays was elevated by comparing their results with those of direct electron microscopy (EM). A total of 135, 92, and 211 samples of animal feces were tested by Rotalex, Virogen, and Pathfinder, respectively. All samples were examined by EM as a reference procedure. The overall agreement of the three commercial assays with EM was 53%, 66%, and 83% for Rotalex, Virogen, and Pathfinder, respectively. Based on these results, we consider Pathfinder as an attractive alternative to EM for the detection of rotavirus in animals. Of the two LA tests, Virogen was found to be a little more sensitive and specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparative prevalence of rabies antibodies among household and unclaimed/stray dogs as determined by the immune adherence haemagglutination assay.

The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determination, the rapid-fluorescent-focus-inhibition test (RFFIT). Although it is not known if the antibodies detected in IAHA test represent neutralizing antibodies against rabies, IAHA has several advantages over the RFFIT: the IAHA is rapid, requiring about seven hours for results to be available; it is relatively inexpensive and easy to perform; uses reagents commonly available in any routine virology laboratory; and uses inactivated rabies virus, thus eliminating hazards associated with the use of live virus in RFFIT. Using this test we found that rabies antibody titres were significantly higher, and at the same time more prevalent, among household dogs than among the unclaimed/stray dogs. The results re-emphasize the increased hazard associated with unclaimed/stray dogs and the need for vaccination of all dogs.

Animals↗