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Biomedical subjects

S M Garn

Publications and source records attributed to S M Garn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Carpo-metacarpal growth disturbance and the assessment of carpal narrowing in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Second metacarpal length (M2), radio-metacarpal length (RM), and intermetacarpal width (W) were measured on 96 radiographs in 52 children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and compared with body height and skeletal maturation in order to: (1) differentiate between processes resulting in retardation of bone growth and those producing delay in skeletal maturation; (2) assess the severity and progression over time of such retardation; and (3) assess the impact of retardation of the second metacarpal on the assessment of carpal narrowing in children with JRA. All measurements were converted into z scores (the units of standard deviation above or below the normal mean for each measurement) based on published norms. Retardation of M2 (mean z scores -0.91) began earlier and was more severe compared with retardation of height (mean z score -0.25). This disproportion widened with increasing duration of disease. That this primarily represents a disturbance in M2 growth rather than a secondary effect due to altered maturation is suggested by the bone ages being normal (mean z score 0.14) and the absence of premature closure of the metacarpal physes. Z scores for RM/W (mean -3.53) were at least 1 Z more negative than for corresponding measurements of RM/M2 (mean -2.41) in 47 (90.4%) children and the mean difference between the z scores for RM/W was -1.12. This discrepancy between RM/W and RM/M2 was eliminated by correcting for the reduction in M2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The juvenile-onset, adolescent-onset and adult-onset obese.

As shown in more than 8000 proband-parent pairs derived from a total-community sample and followed in longitudinal fashion, the 5-year incidence of obesity (new cases per 5-year period) approximates 8 percent for the juvenile-onset, adolescent-onset and adult-onset obese alike. Parents of juvenile-onset (ages 5-9), adolescent-onset (10-19) and adult-onset obese (20-39) tend to be of above-average fatness level, +0.25Z scores, overall, regardless of the age at onset of obesity in their progeny. Except for the parents of the juvenile-onset obese, educational level of the parents tends to be below average for the sample as a whole. These new data acquired in longitudinal context and explored in retrospective-prospective fashion do not substantiate the notion that different onset ages of obesity indicate separate etiologies and different family constellations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of prenatal factors on crown dimensions.

As shown in 870 white participants in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (NCPP), maternal health status during pregnancy and birth size are systematically related to mesiodistal and buccolingual crown dimensions of I1, I2, dc, dm1, dm2 and M1. Maternal diabetes, maternal hypothyroidism and large size at birth are associated with larger maxillary and mandibular teeth in white children. Conversely, deciduous and permanent crown diameters are diminished in maternal hypertension, and in low birthweight and small birth-length conditions. These findings suggest that maternal and fetal (or gestational) determinants of both deciduous and permanent tooth crown dimensions may account for as much as half of crown-size variability with major implications to population comparisons and historical odontometric differences and trends.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

Crown size-arch space relationships during human prenatal dental development.

As shown in composite reconstructions made from optically-projected measurements of 10mu frontal maxillofacial sections of 20 histologically normal fetuses and embryos in the 70-255 mm CRL range, individual differences in relative tooth size and interdental spacing are evident by 10.5-11 weeks of gestation, and age-corrected crown-size correlations (r=0.40) approximate those in postnatal life. Despite an eight-fold increase in crown dimensions, interdental spacing remains approximately constant after 150 mm CRL, suggesting that the tooth organs or the periodontal membranes are able to maintain spacing, into the third trimester.

Dental Arch↗
PubMed1978

Sex discriminatory effectiveness using combinations of root lengths and crown diameters.

Using optical-scanner (OPTOCOM) and radiogrammetric measurements on mandibular permanent teeth, root length alone affords sex-discriminatory effectiveness equal to or exceeding conventional crown diameters. Combinations of root length and crown dimensions yield up to 80% accuracy in sexing with as few as two teeth, and discriminatory effectiveness of 87% with mandibular teeth alone.

Adolescent↗