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Biomedical subjects

S M Fox

Publications and source records attributed to S M Fox.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Antebrachial deformities in the dog: treatment with external fixation.

The results of 12 dogs with antebrachial deformity treated by ulnar ostectomy, radial osteotomy and external skeletal fixation are presented. Postoperative complications were seen in only one dog; a delayed union requiring placement of autogenous cancellous bone graft at a second surgery to achieve healing. Postoperatively, owners reported limb function was good in almost all cases, although they were less pleased with the cosmetic appearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations before, during and after analgesia, anaesthesia and anaesthesia plus ovariohysterectomy in bitches.

Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined before, during and after analgesia, anaesthesia and anaesthesia plus ovariohysterectomy in six New Zealand border collie cross bitches. The treatments were: control, analgesia with butorphanol, anaesthesia with thiopentone sodium, halothane and oxygen and anaesthesia plus surgery. In addition, each bitch was given an ACTH challenge. All the bitches showed transient increases in plasma cortisol concentrations and the integrated cortisol responses (calculated as the area under the cortisol curve above the pre-treatment concentration) for 6.25 hours after treatment increased in the order: control, anaesthesia, analgesia, surgery. The control group had increased cortisol concentrations attributable to the excitement from handling. The plasma cortisol concentrations of the group subjected to surgery were greater than the other groups for at least 6.25 hours, with an approximately four-fold increase above pre-treatment values, but they had returned to pre-treatment levels after 24 hours.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1993

Ondansetron versus ondansetron, dexamethasone, and chlorpromazine in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ondansetron alone (OND) or in combination with 2 days of dexamethasone and 5 days of chlorpromazine (ODC) in the prevention of emetic episodes in patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients receiving 20 or 40 mg/m2 of cisplatin daily for 4 to 5 days plus etoposide (VP-16) alone or in combination with bleomycin or ifosfamide were randomized to receive three doses of OND (0.15 mg/kg 30 minutes before and 4 and 8 hours after cisplatin) versus the identical OND regimen plus dexamethasone 8 mg before cisplatin and 4 mg 4 and 8 hours later on days 1 and 2, plus chlorpromazine 50 mg every 4 hours for four doses per day. Patients were chemotherapy-naive, had a Karnofsky performance status > or = 60, and were not receiving nonstudy antiemetics. RESULTS: Nineteen of 22 patients (86%) on ODC had fewer than three emetic episodes throughout the study period, compared with 10 of 22 (46%) on OND (P = .009), and 55% of patients on ODC had no emetic episodes, compared with 32% on OND (P = .22). The ODC arm had fewer treatment failures (5%) than the OND arm (32%). The mean nausea ratings per visual analog scale were 15.0 for OND and 5.5 for ODC (P = .046). Headache was less frequent with ODC versus OND (14% and 41%, respectively, P = .09). CONCLUSION: ODC was superior to OND with respect to therapeutic efficacy and decreased headaches. Both OND and ODC were more effective on days 1 and 2, rather than days 4 and 5, suggesting tachyphylaxis, anticipatory nausea, or delayed nausea from the first few days of cisplatin combination chemotherapy.

Chlorpromazine↗
PubMed1990

Preparation of IgA-deficient platelets.

The IgA-deficient patient presents a difficult transfusion problem, particularly if he or she has previously been immunized and has formed IgA antibodies. Blood components from IgA-deficient donors may be used safely but are often not accessible to transfusion facilities. A satisfactory red cell component may be obtained by standard freezing and washing methods. There is no comparable platelet concentrate that uniformly affords protection against anti-IgA-mediated reactions. A method has been developed for the preparation of an IgA-deficient platelet concentrate by washing with citrate-buffered saline. Platelets prepared in this manner were transfused successfully to an IgA-deficient patient with a history of anaphylaxis related to transfusion. It was further demonstrated that the removal of IgA is enhanced if platelets are washed within 48 hours of collection. When platelets were stored for more than 48 hours, similar washing techniques resulted in significantly higher levels of IgA in the platelets washed with either buffered (p = 0.004) or unbuffered (p = 0.0002) saline. Platelets washed with unbuffered saline (pH 4.5-5.5) contained substantially more IgA than did platelets washed in a similar manner with citrate-buffered saline (pH 6.5-6.8) (p = 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Combined Kirschner-Ehmer device and dorsal spinal plate fixation technique for caudal lumbar vertebral fractures in dogs.

A new surgical technique was developed for the fixation of caudal lumbar vertebral fractures in dogs. The technique provides optimal stabilization, can be used in combination with dorsal decompression, and does not require an intact spinous process on the fractured vertebra or attachment of the fixation devices to the fractured vertebra. The fixation consists of a Kirschner-Ehmer device and dorsal spinal plates. After fracture healing, only mild sedation of the dog is needed to allow removal of the external hardware used in the fixation. The technique, its indications, and its use in 5 cases are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Delayed redistribution in thallium 201 SPECT myocardial perfusion studies.

Stress 201Tl myocardial perfusion studies are useful in differentiating viable, reversibly ischemic from infarcted myocardium. A perfusion defect that shows redistribution 2 to 4 h after 201Tl injection is diagnostic of ischemia, while a fixed defect suggests infarction. However, occasional patients with a fixed defect at 4 h have redistribution at 24 h. This study evaluates the frequency and significance of this delayed redistribution with SPECT 201Tl. Patients with either no or incomplete redistribution at 4 h had repeat imaging 18 to 48 h later. Delayed redistribution was seen in 8/26 (31 percent). Four had incomplete and four had no redistribution at 4 h. Delayed redistribution with SPECT 201Tl is more common than generally appreciated, and we recommend delayed images in patients with fixed perfusion defects or incomplete redistribution at 4-h imaging, particularly in patients with previous infarctions for whom a revascularization procedure is being considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Persistent hoarseness after surgical removal of vocal cord lesions.

Surgical intervention to remove vocal cord lesions usually results in normal vocal cord quality postoperatively. However, some patients exhibit persistent hoarseness after surgery, and often they are referred to a speech pathologist for vocal rehabilitation. In this study, factors were identified in the case histories, surgical management, and behavior during voice rest of patients who experienced persistent hoarseness postoperatively. Eight of ten adult subjects were interviewed and their voices were tape-recorded before and after surgery and were determined to be hoarse postoperatively. Cumulative medical history was the only significant factor that related to persistent hoarseness. Medical histories of disease or infection affecting the respiratory tract were among the specific factors that were identified. Results indicate that patients with these medical factors should be counseled about the risk of persistent hoarseness after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pseudoischemic "false positive" S-T segment changes induced by hyperventilation in patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Hyperventilation-induced S-T segment changes that simulate myocardial ischemia have previously been noted, but the origin of this electrocardiographic finding has never been defined. To investigate further the basis for this response, the records were reviewed of 1,678 consecutive patients who underwent forced hyperventilation for 90 seconds and treadmill exercise testing. Twenty-eight patients (1.7 percent) were identified in whom hyperventilation resulted in ischemic-appearing S-T segment changes, and follow-up was possible in 21 (17 women, 4 men). Of the 21 patients, 16 (76 percent), including 15 (88 percent) of the 17 women, had evidence of mitral valve prolapse, 6 on auscultation alone, 2 on echocardiography alone and 6 with a combination of studies. Ten of the 21 patients had a negative exercise test; of the 11 patients who had a positive exercise test, only 1 had angiographic evidence of coronary arterial narrowing. The finding of ischemic-appearing S-T segment changes in response to forced hyperventilation has a high predictive value for the presence of mitral valve prolapse, particularly in women. The possible association of autonomic factors and mitral valve prolapse in the pathogenesis of an abnormal response to hyperventilation is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Mahaim and James fibers as a basis for a unique variety of ventricular preexcitation.

This report concerns pathologic findings in a 54 year old woman with intermittent preexcitation who died of carcinoma of the breast. Electrocardiograms revealed predominantly normal sinus rhythm with a normal P-R interval and narrow QRS complex. Episodes of sinus rhythm, short P-R interval and QRS widening (with delta wave) were also recorded. During preexcitation QS complexes were noted in leads II, III, aVF, V1 and V4 to V6. Delta waves were negative in leads II, III, aVF and V1 isoelectric in leads V4 to V6 and positive only in leads I, aVL, V2 and V3. This case thus defies classification into any known variety of preexcitation. Complete serial sections, cut through the entire conduction system and both atrioventricular (A-V) rims, totaled 18,600 sections. These revealed no bundle of Kent. Instead, Mahaim fibers histologically identified as His bundle tissue gave off from the A-V bundle to both the right and the left sides of the septum associated with the normal fibers of James. This case reveals that (1) fibers of James can bypass the A-V node, (2) fibers of Mahaim can conduct, and (3) there are types of preexcitation in addition to types A and B.

Atrioventricular Node↗