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Biomedical subjects

S M Cox

Publications and source records attributed to S M Cox.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Intrapartum treatment of acute chorioamnionitis: impact on neonatal sepsis.

In a study of 312 women with acute chorioamnionitis, 152 women received antibiotics before delivery, 90 received antibiotics after cord clamping, and 70 did not receive antibiotics. Antibiotics were administered during labor rather than after cord clamping if delivery was not imminent. Although endometritis developed more frequently in the patients receiving antibiotics after cord clamping, the difference was not statistically significant (5.6% versus 3.9%, difference not significant). There were two cases of verified sepsis in the group of infants (35 weeks) born to mothers receiving intrapartum antibiotics and there were eight cases in the no antibiotics group (p = 0.06). More importantly, in neonates greater than or equal to 35 weeks' gestational age, there was a significant difference in the frequency of positive blood cultures for group B streptococci (0/133 versus 8/140, p less than 0.05). We conclude that administration of antibiotics to the mother during labor may result in a decreased incidence of neonatal sepsis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Bacterial endocarditis. A serious pregnancy complication.

The incidence of bacterial endocarditis, a rare complication of pregnancy, may be increasing due to illicit drug use. Increased awareness, with prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment during gestation, may lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Placenta percreta: ultrasound diagnosis and conservative surgical management.

Placenta percreta is a rare yet serious complication of pregnancy. Only an occasional case has been managed conservatively without hysterectomy. We report a case of placenta percreta managed conservatively at 16 weeks' gestation by oversewing the uterine defect created by the protruding placenta and continuing the pregnancy for an additional eight weeks. The diagnosis of placenta percreta was made again at 26 weeks' gestation by ultrasonography, and a placenta increta to within 1 mm of the serosa was confirmed histologically. This case is added to the five cases of placenta percreta managed by conservative operative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acute focal pyelonephritis (lobar nephronia) complicating pregnancy.

Lobar nephronia, although initially indistinguishable from acute pyelonephritis, is characterized by a prolonged febrile course. The diagnosis is established radiographically using computed tomography. Treatment involves continuation of antimicrobials until the patient has been afebrile for 48 hours. Lobar nephronia has not been previously reported with pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The natural history of preterm ruptured membranes: what to expect of expectant management.

We asked the question: What can be expected of expectant management in preterm ruptured membranes? Our findings showed that ruptured membranes during the first half of the third trimester occurred in only 1.7% (N = 298) of 17,877 pregnancies delivered at our institution, yet accounted for 20% of the total perinatal deaths during the study period. Expectant management was seldom successful; only 20 (7%) of pregnancies with preterm ruptured membranes did not begin labor within 48 hours. The condition of preterm ruptured membranes was also frequently associated with other obstetric complications such as twins, breech presentation, chorioamnionitis, and fetal heart rate decelerations in labor. We conclude that preterm ruptured membranes is an uncommon but complex obstetric problem that remains largely unsolved.

Breech Presentation↗
PubMed1986

Lactobacillemia of amniotic fluid origin.

Four cases of amnionitis due to Lactobacillus sp and three cases of bacteremia are reported. Postpartum endometritis developed in all four cases. Lactobacillus bacteremia occurred in two infants. A review of the literature on serious infections due to Lactobacillus sp is also presented. The importance of considering the clinical role of any microorganism isolated in pure culture from symptomatic patients is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Tubulin assembly sites and the organization of cytoplasmic microtubules in cultured mammalian cells.

The number, distribution, and nucleating capacity of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) has been investigated in a variety of cultured mammalian cells. Most interphase cells contain a single MTOC that is localized at the centrosome region and corresponds to the centriole and pericentriolar material. MTOCs, like centrioles, become duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle and are equationally distributed to daughter cells in mitosis. Multiple MTOCs were rarely observed in cultured cells except in one cell line (neuroblastoma), which also displayed an equally large number of centrioles in the cytoplasm. The kinetics of microtubule assembly and the tubulin nucleating capacity of MTOCs was assayed by incubating tubulin-depleted, permeabilized 3T3 and simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 cells with phosphocellulose-purified 65 brain tubulin and microtubule assembly buffer. Initiation and assembly of 65 tubulin occurred in association with the cells' endogenous MTOCs, and the length, number, and distribution of microtubules generated about the organizing centers were regulated and cell specific. Our results are consistent with the notion that the specification of microtubule length, number, and spatial arrangement resides largely in the MTOCs and surrounding cytoplasm and not in the tubulin subunits.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Structure of the mitotic apparatus and chromosomes after hypotonic treatment of mammalian cells in vitro.

Cultured mammalian cells were exposed briefly to culture media made hypotonic with various dilutions of distilled water. Electron microscopic observations and tubulin immunofluorescence were carried out on mitotic cells that had been briefly exposed to hypotonic conditions. Similar observations were made on cells that had been exposed to hypotonic medium and then returned to isotonic conditions. These experiments provided new insight into the structure and physical properties of the mitotic apparatus and chromosomes. Spindle microtubules were reversibly depolymerized by hypotonic treatments. Spindle fibers disappeared after a 15-min exposure to hypotonic medium, leaving only two brightly fluorescent spindle poles. When hypotonically swollen cells were returned to isotonic medium for 15 min prior to fixation, the spindle was reassembled. Several types of spindle aberrations were noted in cells recovering from hypotonic treatment. Chromosomes were greatly expanded by hypotonic treatment, and the kinetochores were disrupted. When treated cells were returned to isotonic culture medium, the chromosomes recondensed and the kinetochores reappeared. Brief hypotonic treatments, described herein, had no adverse effect on cell viability and may prove useful in investigations of the structure and physical properties of the mitotic apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Neurological soft signs and psychopathology. I. Findings in schizophrenia.

Systematic, standardized evaluations for neurological soft signs were conducted on five psychiatric populations and a control group of medical inpatients. Soft signs were grouped according to their probable clinical association with cortical lobe dysfunction. Preliminary results indicated that schizophrenics, compared to other groups, showed significant increased presence of soft signs presumably related to frontal and parietal lobe dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Neurological soft signs and psychopathology: incidence in diagnostic groups.

In earlier studies the authors have reported impairments of cortical function in the parietal and frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients. In this study these results are pursued. The performance of different groups of psychiatric patients with respect to individual neurological soft signs rather than combined cortical function scores, was studied. The potential influence of psychotropic drugs on the significant findings was also analyzed. The results show that specific individual neurologic soft signs are significantly more frequently present in schizophrenics than in either controls or in other psychiatric groups. Additionally, there was no statistical evidence of psychotropic drug effects on the findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Double fluorescent staining for the separate demonstration of chromosomes and microtubules in mitotic cells in vitro.

A simple fluorescent method for double staining of mitotic cells using a rhodamine B indirect immunofluorescent method for tubulin and the DNA-specific fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258 for nuclei and chromosomes is described. This procedure enables one through the use of appropriate excitation filters to view at will either chromosomes and nuclei or tubulin within the same cell.

Bisbenzimidazole↗
PubMed1977

Retention of the glycocalyx after cell detachment by EGTA.

Chinese hamster ovary cells were examined ultrastructurally following several detachment procedures. Alterations in the surface glycoproteins were observed by using ruthenium red in the fixation procedure. Trypsin removed a major portion of the cells glycocalyx and formed spherical cellular configurations. EGTA detached cells were also spherical, however, their glycocalyx appeared to remain although redistributed over the cell surface. Kinetic studies showed no alterations in subsequent population doubling times following either detachment procedure. EGTA may thus represent the current method of choice for cell detachment if preservation of the surface glycoproteins is of interest.

Animals↗