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Biomedical subjects

S Lynch

Publications and source records attributed to S Lynch.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Housedust mites (D. pteronyssinus) in pets' beds and their relation to dust allergy.

Houses were surveyed by dust sampling to examine the occurrence and significance of storage mites in rural areas in the U.K. As a part of this project pets' beds were sampled, and it was discovered that not only do they contain storage mites, but that in nearly all instances the classical housedust mite (D. pteronyssinus) was present in significant numbers.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Storage mites culturing, sampling technique, identification and their role in housedust allergy in rural areas in the United Kingdom.

Patients with symptoms suggesting housedust mite allergy were tested to storage mites, housedust, and Dermatophagoides spp. Housedust was examined for mites. All patients responded to storage mites. Some were negative to Dermatophagoides. All houses proved to have storage mites in the dust as well as Dermatophagoides, mainly in food stores or pet beds. Storage mites, therefore, are involved in dust allergy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Failure of yohimbine to reverse ketamine anesthesia in rhesus monkeys.

Yohimbine hydrochloride has been used experimentally to reverse the anesthetic effects of ketamine and xylazine in dogs, cats, cattle and mule deer, but there are no reports of its use in nonhuman primates. Nine adult female rhesus monkeys were given an intravenous dose of either 0.5 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochloride or saline 10 minutes after intramuscular administration of 10 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride. There was no difference in the duration of anesthesia between the yohimbine and saline treatments, suggesting yohimbine is not effective in the rhesus monkey.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

Iron and blood donation.

Regular blood donors undergo a progressive decline in iron reserves, while some develop frank iron-deficient erythropoiesis. The prevalence of iron depletion is significantly higher in menstruating women and increases progressively as the rate of donation increases. While conventional screening programmes based on the haemoglobin are adequate to prevent the development of progressive iron deficiency anaemia, they provide no indication of the development of tissue iron depletion. Recent studies indicate an impairment in a number of physiological processes associated with iron depletion but the liabilities of mild iron deficiency have not been fully defined. While it would be desirable to avoid iron depletion in regular blood donors only a minority of the eligible population have been willing to provide the blood resources of the USA in the past, and many individuals who can maintain high rates of donation without developing iron deficiency anaemia would be eliminated. However, there is little doubt that continued efforts should be made to encourage a broader base of volunteer donors. Improved public awareness of the need for blood has made it possible to obtain 88 per cent of the total supply from donors who gave blood three or less times during the year, and only 13.4 per cent of men and 11 per cent of women made three of more donations (Table 6). Further, women under 46 years of age constitute only 1 per cent of all donors who give four or more times during the year. Until clear-cut evidence is obtained of the deleterious effects of a lack of iron, the low prevalence of depleted iron reserves in men and non-menstruating women donors seems acceptable. However, current blood banking practices place a disproportionate iron demand on menstruating women. Because of the additional burden of pregnancy in this donor group, efforts to reduce the prevalence of a lack of iron in the child-bearing female should be encouraged. The simplest approach would be to limit the rate of blood donation to a maximum of three per year. This also is a subgroup among whom the application of more specific screening procedures for iron deficiency can clearly be justified. Iron supplementation programmes are also an attractive approach in these people who are likely to be highly motivated. Neither of these approaches have been adequately evaluated at the present time.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Biotransformation of sevoflurane in dogs and rats.

Sevoflurane, 3% and 4% in oxygen was administered to four dogs for 3 hours. Sevoflurane was metabolized to inorganic fluoride and hexafluoroisopropanol. Serum fluoride concentrations reached peak values during 2 to 3 hours into anesthesia and averaged 18.5 micrometer/L (n = 2) and 20.0 +/- 4.8 (mean +/- SD) micrometer/L (n = 4) following 3% and 4% sevoflurane exposure, respectively. They returned to normal values within 24 hours after anesthesia. Hexafluoroisopropanol was excreted in the urine as glucuronide conjugate. Its elimination was essentially complete within 48 hours after the end of exposure to sevoflurane. During inhalation of 4% sevoflurane, blood concentration of the anesthetic reached an average apparent steady state of 0.765 +/- 0.10 micrometer/L (n = 4). No anesthetic was detected in blood 24 hours after this exposure. Rats were anesthetized with 2% sevoflurane for 2 and 4 hours. Immediately after anesthesia, observed mean (n = 6) serum fluoride concentrations were 2.9 +/- 0.5 micrometer/L and 2.5 +/- 0.6 micrometer/L, respectively. Hepatic microsomal enzyme induction produced by pretreatment with either phenobarbital or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) resulted in an approximately 5-fold increase in serum fluoride concentrations following anesthesia with sevoflurane when compared to noninduced rats exposed to sevoflurane. A comparison of serum fluoride concentrations between the rat and dog indicates that the amount of sevoflurane metabolized is lower in the rat than in the dog, and the fluoride concentrations observed in both animal species during sevoflurane anesthesia are not expected to produce nephrotoxicity.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1979

Improved exposure for excision of rectal carcinomas: initial experiences with a pubic resection technique.

Preliminary experiences with a transpubic approach for carcinoma of the rectum are described. By excising a wedge of pubic bone and freeing the left lateral attachments of the bladder, the entire length of rectum can be exposed, down to the level of the levator muscles. Dissection of the tumor can be performed under direct vision, even in unfavorable anatomic and pathologic situations. Low rectal anastomoses, at levels of 1--2 cm above the anus, may be performed with greater ease. It is felt that urinary problems should be uncommon and that orthopedic complications should not occur since sacroiliac articulations are not disturbed by retraction.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Patterns of iron storage in dietary iron overload and idiopathic hemochromatosis.

Bone marrow iron stores rise in proportion to the total body iron store in dietary iron overload. The situation in the genetic disorder of idiopathic hemochromatosis is not as clear. A method for measuring the storage iron concentration chemically on samples of bone marrow obtained by trephine needle biopsy was therefore developed. Its value as a measure of tissue iron stores was established in a preliminary investigation in which specimens of liver, spleen, and bone marrow were obtained at necropsies on 66 South African Negroes among whom dietary iron overload is common. A wide range of nonheme iron concentrations was found, but in each individual there was a highly significant correlation between the concentrations in the three tissues. Nonheme iron concentrations were then determined on trephine bone marrow biopsy specimens from eight Caucasian patients with untreated idiopathic hemochromatosis, and on percutaneous liver biopsy specimens from four of them. The concentrations in the livers were in the anticipated range of 5,000 mug per gram wet weight (2 per cent dry weight). In contrast the geometric mean value for bone marrow iron concentration was 186 mug per gram wet weight, a figure that fell below the fiftieth percentile for marrow iron concentrations in the South African Negroes, whereas the geometric mean liver iron concentration was above the ninetieth percentile. These findings indicate that subjects with idiopathic hemochromatosis whose liver iron stores are grossly increased do not show a comparable rise in bone marrow iron stores.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Intraocular surgery with general anesthesia.

A specialized technique developed specifically for ophthalmic surgery has led surgeons at the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital to perform most private cataract extractions-more than 1,000 per year-with patients under general anesthsia. Because this practice is followed by so few ophthalmic surgeons elsewhere, an evaluation of the relative safety and benefits of local vs. general anesthesia was undertaken. A retrospective study comparing 2,217 consecutive patients operated on under general anesthesia with 561 patients operated on under local analgesia leads us to believe that general anesthesia providess the surgeon with optimum operating conditions. General anaessthesia has proved to be a safe procedure, with a minimum of complications. The ophthalmic surgeon is assured of absolute patient immobility, with safety equilvalent to that seen with procedures performed with local analgesia, despite the advanced age and resulting physiological degeneration of the patient population.

Adolescent↗