Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Lucas

Publications and source records attributed to S Lucas.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Aspergillosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses.

Fulminant aspergillosis was diagnosed on nasal biopsy in a 49 year old man who had features of an aspergilloma. Further postmortem examination of this area was performed and the results were contrasted with the histological features of other Aspergillus infections. The nasal biopsy specimen and postmortem examination showed infiltrating Aspergillus hyphae with tissue necrosis and little inflammatory response. The hyphae were easily seen with routine stains. This contrasts with the findings in invasive aspergillosis where there is fibrosis and a granulomatous response to the Aspergillus hyphae. The hyphae are seen in giant cells using fungal stains. In the saprophytic infections aspergilloma and allergic Aspergillus sinusitis there is no tissue invasion or destruction. Aspergillus infections of the nose and paranasal sinuses often require biopsy for accurate diagnosis. As treatment varies pathologists need to be able to distinguish the different patterns of infection.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1988

Spiders in Brazil.

Descriptions of the principal venomous spiders in Brazil, of the genera Phoneutria, Loxosceles, Latrodectus and Scaptocosa, are given, together with a list of species and their geographical distribution. Detailed information on their habitat, behaviour and venom quantity, symptomatology of human accidents and epidemiology is given and recommendations are made for the prevention of accidents. General observations are made on the most common mygalomorph spiders.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Observations on the implications of pathology induced by experimental schistosomiasis in baboons in evaluating the development of resistance to challenge infection.

Liver samples from 10 Schistosoma mansoni-infected baboons all yielded eggs but neither their egg counts nor duration of infection (less than 226 weeks) correlated with the slightly elevated liver collagen levels or minimal histological fibrosis observed. Approximately 10% of inert 9 and 15 micron diameter microspheres injected into the mesenteric veins of 2 baboons with acute, challenge S. mansoni infection reached their lungs (mainly 9 micron microspheres). Lung egg recoveries over 1000 were significantly less common among 175 baboons exposed once to S. mansoni infections than among 56 baboons exposed more than once. Among 221 S. mansoni-and S. haematobium-infected baboons, female worm, total tissue egg and lung egg recoveries were significantly correlated with each other but not with liver or (where available) spleen weights. Liver and spleen weights were strongly correlated with total body weight. Baboons did not develop significant liver fibrosis, even after prolonged schistosome infections. However, some liver 'leakiness' developed during acute primary and challenge infections, allowing small inert particles and eggs to pass to the lungs, but this 'leakiness' was not associated with resistance to challenge. In contrast to mice, such resistance in baboons cannot, therefore, be explained simply in terms of pathological changes due to previous infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Tuberculous lymphadenitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Uganda.

Sixteen adults presented with lymphadenopathy which was tuberculous on biopsy; they were all seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), but none had the clinical criteria of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The biopsy specimen showed caseating tuberculosis, with scanty or no visible acid fast bacilli in seven cases; the remaining nine had a poor cellular reactivity with numerous bacilli. Antituberculous chemotherapy for two months reduced the lymphadenopathy. Two patients subsequently developed AIDS. Mycobacterial cultures were not performed, but the infection was almost certainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The space-time clustering of tuberculous lymphadenitis now seen in Kampala, and the unusual non-reactive histopathology, are typical of the impairment of cellular immunity induced by HIV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The extra-hepatic bile ducts. Apropos of a new case of abnormalities].

A double anomaly of extrahepatic biliary pathways was detected in the same patient. The first anomaly involved the cystic duct, which emptied into the third part of duodenum, the second anomaly the common bile duct which was implanted into the right side of the cystic duct one centimeter from the papilla. An anomaly of this type has not been reported previously in the literature and surgeons should be aware of its possible occurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Esophageal and gastric leiomyoma. Apropos of a case with double localization].

A case of double localization of a leiomyoma is reported and used as a basis for an update review of the relevant literature. Esophageal and gastric leiomyomas, of relatively simple diagnosis by radiologic and endoscopic imaging, require surgery in most cases: enucleation of esophageal and resection of gastric tumors. Leiomyoma of esophagus is usually diagnosed during investigation of atypical clinical symptomatology or when it is associated with another disorder, such as hiatus hernia as in the present case. Leiomyoma of stomach is usually revealed by a complication initially, frequently of the hemorrhagic type. Despite the absence of documented data on leiomyoma of double localization in two digestive organs simultaneously, this possibility does exist and extensive digestive investigations are necessary prior to therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Africa's AIDS problem.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Light and electron microscopic features of tropical ulcer.

The histopathological features of 20 tropical ulcers with the electron microscopic findings on seven biopsy specimens are reported. The main findings were loss of epidermis associated with extensive dermal oedema, infiltration by polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and disruption of collagen bundles. The presence of micro-organisms at the site of tissue damage was shown and compared with the morphology of the organisms grown in culture. The most commonly identified bacteria were pleomorphic rods whose electron microscopic appearances accorded most closely with Fusobacteria grown in vitro. Spirochaetes, identified ultrastructurally as Treponema sp, were also present. There was no evidence of vasculitis to explain the rapid onset of ulceration, but necrotic changes seen in the dermis and the inflammatory cell infiltrate suggest that, associated with cell necrosis, bacteria previously shown in vitro have an important role in the pathogenesis of tropical ulcers.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1987

HIV infection through normal heterosexual contact in Uganda.

One hundred and fourteen household contacts of 23 patients with AIDS or suspected AIDS were examined for evidence of infection with HIV. In total 12 contacts had antibodies to the virus by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), confirmed by Western blot. Ten of these seropositive contacts were the sexual partners of the index cases. Overall 71% of sexual partners (10:14) were seropositive. By contrast only 2:100 of the non-sexual contacts had evidence of infection. These were the daughter of an index case and her 2-year-old son who were seropositive but had their own independent risk factors. The data presented here support the hypothesis that a major route of transmission of HIV in an African population is through heterosexual contact and furthermore suggest that transmission by other means such as intimate non-sexual contact, insect vectors, or the use of non-sterile needles is much less important.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Adapting a self-management education program for asthma for use in an outpatient clinic.

A self-management patient education program for children with asthma which incorporates a slide tape program, pamphlets, nurse discussion, and physician discussion has been adapted from an emergency room site to an outpatient clinic for use during routine asthma clinic visits. Pre-interviews and post-interviews with and medical record review of 12 patients, aged 4 to 12 years, demonstrated that the children had statistically significant increases in knowledge of self-management skills (recognition of asthma triggers and early warning signs and appropriate behaviors to manage acute episodes) and a significant increase in the sense of personal control (Health Locus of Control). Parents reported less disruption of family activities due to asthma and that the children had increased their use of asthma self-management techniques, resulting in improved management of asthma at home. Nurse and physician response to the program was enthusiastic and demonstrated the feasibility of integrating patient education into the outpatient clinic medical care routine.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

The schistosome egg granuloma: immunopathology in the cause of host protection or parasite survival?

The granulomatous inflammatory response induced by schistosome eggs entrapped in the microvasculature of host tissues is considered responsible for much of the symptomatology of schistosomiasis. However, the evolutionary role of the egg granuloma in the host-parasite relationship is not yet well defined. Some evidence indicates that the lesion may protect the host, either by shielding tissues against toxic egg products, or by interfering with the migration patterns of secondary infections, and thereby non-specifically contributing to the host's acquired "immunity". We here review earlier work concerned with the role of the egg granuloma in the host-parasite relationship in schistosomiasis, and we present new experimental evidence to suggest that the function of this cell-mediated immune response might, in addition to its putative host protective function, facilitate the extravasation of parasite eggs in the mesenteries, and thereby contribute directly to the continuation of the schistosome life-cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Aflatoxins in the livers of children with kwashiorkor in Ghana.

Autopsy liver specimens from 22 kwashiorkor children in Ghana were analysed for the presence of aflatoxins using both high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Aflatoxin B1 was found in the livers of 20 subjects and aflatoxicol in the livers of the remaining two subjects. These results confirm previous findings of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxicol in the livers of children with kwashiorkor and provide further evidence of associations between these toxic compounds and kwashiorkor which might have relevance to the aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease which as yet remain mysterious.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1985

The biliary tract in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis.

The biliary tract has been prospectively studied in a consecutive series of 769 patients undergoing surgery for gallstones to determine whether differences exist between subjects with and without a history of acute pancreatitis. The incidence of acute gallstone pancreatitis (AGP) was 7.7 per cent and men with gallstones were significantly more likely to develop pancreatic inflammation. Operations on patients with AGP were accompanied by a higher mortality rate which was almost entirely due to the severity of the disease at the time of surgery. The earlier operations were performed after the onset of pancreatitis the more often stones were found in the common bile duct and at the ampulla. Patients with AGP had smaller and more numerous gallbladder stones in association with a wider cystic duct that controls. The common bile duct diameter in patients with AGP was independent of the presence of choledochal calculi implying either previous temporary obstruction to the biliary tree or a dilated duct ab initio. Pancreatic duct reflux was far more commonly observed on the cholangiograms of patients with AGP and in these patients reflux occurred into a wider pancreatic duct, at a greater angle and was associated with a longer functioning common channel. No patient developed recurrent pancreatitis following biliary surgery. These features strongly support the concept of gallstone migration and suggest that patients with gallstones who develop acute pancreatitis have essential differences in their biliary tree which mechanically facilitate migration of calculi.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Effect of a new contraceptive ring releasing 20 micrograms levonorgestrel daily on blood lipid levels and glucose tolerance.

Fifteen healthy subjects used a contraceptive device, namely an intravaginal ring releasing 20 micrograms levonorgestrel daily, for 12 weeks. High, low and very low density fractions of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids were measured, together with oral glucose tolerance before and after 12 weeks of use. There were no significant differences in any of the plasma lipid fractions or in glucose tolerance.

Adult↗