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Biomedical subjects

S Ljunghall

Publications and source records attributed to S Ljunghall.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Kidney stone disease. Experiences from Uppsala, Sweden.

In summary, several biochemical investigations give valuable information about a possible etiological explanation for the stone formation but to get a more complete picture of the individual stone former, some clinical aspects should be considered such as heredity for stone disease and the age of onset. All these factors are relevant when considering prophylactic treatment to stone formers.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Magnesium metabolism in renal stone disease.

Magnesium metabolism in 70 consecutive patients with renal stone disease was evaluated and compared with that of a control group matched for age and sex. Serum and urinary magnesium values were not different in the two groups, but magnesium output was greater in males than in females. Stone-formers excreted more calcium in their urine than did controls, and the urinary calcium and magnesium values for both groups were positively correlated. For both groups, the magnesium/calcium ratio in the urine declined with increasing calcium values but was lower in stone-formers than in controls for corresponding calcium values. Intestinal magnesium uptake was the same in both groups. Magnesium deficiency was not evident among stone-formers as assessed by the determination of the magnesium content in muscle specimens or by the retention of an intravenously administered magnesium load. Although stone-formers were not found to display any features of magnesium metabolism that were different from those in the control group, their lower urinary excretion of magnesium in relation to calcium may be a factor in their increased stone-forming propensity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical effects of parathyroid surgery in normocalcaemic patients with recurrent renal stones.

Among 52 patients with recurrent renal calcium stones submitted for neck exploration 12 had adenomas, 23 hyperplasia and only 17 histologically normal parathyroid glands. These patients were selected for surgery despite a normal mean value of the total serum calcium concentration because they had, in most cases, indirect evidence of parathyroid hyperfunction such as intermittent hypercalcaemia (in 25 of the patients), hypercalciuria or a pathological response to calcium infusion. It is suggested that the patients with adenomas suffered from primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), which however did not cause persisting hypercalcaemia. It seems likely that parathyroid hyperplasia either was a mild or an early form of primary HPT or secondary to increased calcium losses. In this study, no single laboratory feature could clearly separate the different groups. None of the patients with adenomas formed any new stone during follow-up (2-7 years) and also 40% of those with hyperplasia appeared to experience benefit from surgery. This benefit was more common in those with occasionally raised serum calcium values. In cases with borderline hypercalcaemia HPT is common and is cured by parathyroidectomy. However, in clinical practice the differential diagnosis may be difficult. In cases without firm evidence of HPT a conservative approach is favoured. Thiazides appear to reduce the stone recurrence rate in most euparathyroid patients and will probably help to unmask borderline HPT in recurrent renal stone formers.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Effects of therapy with bendroflumethiazide in patients with recurrent renal calcium stones.

Forty-four patients with recurrent formation of calcium-containing renal stones were treated with bendroflumethiazide for at least 2 years. Prior to treatment each patient had formed, on average, one stone per year for 8 years; during treatment only 4 patients formed new stones. A reduction in urinary calcium excretion was seen in almost all patients irrespective of their initial urinary calcium level. The apparent clinical benefit was not related to pre-treatment urinary electrolyte levels. Side effects were slight: one patient developed symptomatic hyperuricaemia and in one case sustained hypercalcaemia was found. Long-term treatment with thiazides appears to be a safe and effective method for the prevention of recurrent calcium stones.

Bendroflumethiazide↗
PubMed1979

Family history of renal stones in a population study of stone-formers and health subjects.

Information on the family history of renal stone disease was obtained from over 2500 middle-aged men in a general health survey. A family history of stones was significantly more common among the stone-formers than amoung the controls, largely due to an increased frequency of stones among the fathers and brothers of the propositi. This study thus supports previous suggestions that genetic factors play a part in the predisposition to stone formation. An increased tendency was also noted, however, among the wives of those whose relatives had stones, which suggests that environmental factors are involved. Subjects with a family history of renal stones did not exhibit any particular characteristics in their laboratory profiles, but they appeared to be more prone to develop early and frequent recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A case of Albright's syndrome treated with calcitonin.

A 23-year-old woman with Albright's syndrome (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, precocious puberty and irregular cutaneous pigmentations) had sustained multiple fractures and was grossly disabled. Evaluation disclosed markedly raised serum alkaline phosphatases and a high urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, suggesting an accelerated bone turnover, while calcium metabolism was virtually undisturbed. During 12 months therapy with calcitonin, however, no apparent benefit was recorded and there was no evidence of any significant metabolic effects of the treatment. Initial discomfort with nausea and vomiting disappeared after dose reduction whereas diffuse bone and muscle pain, which gradually increased after a few months treatment, did not subside until after cessation of the therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Myositis ossificans progressiva. Clinical and metabolical observations in a case treated with a diphosphonate (EHDP) and surgical removal of ectopic bone.

A 20-year-old woman with a severely crippling myositis ossificans progressiva was treated with a diphosphonate (EHDP), 10-20 mg/kg/day. While being treated with this drug, surgical removal of ectopic bone was performed. Although ectopic calcification recurred postoperatively, considerable functional improvement was achieved. At the highest dosage of EHDP, hypercalcaemia gradually appeared, but was reversible upon cessation of drug treatment. It is probably related to a direct effect of EHDP on the bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Magnesium metabolism in healthy subjects.

Magnesium metabolism was studied in 106 apparently healthy subjects aged between 15 and 80 years. The serum magnesium values had a gaussian distribution with a narrow range and with no age or sex dependence. The basal, urinary magnesium excretion was greater in men than in women at all ages and decreased with age. The magnesium and calcium excretions were closely correlated in both sexes. The fractional, gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium, assessed by a newly developed technique using the radionuclide 28Mg, compared favourably with that in earlier balance and tracer studies. The intracellular magnesium content, estimated in muscle specimens obtained by percutaneous biopsies, was not correlated to age or sex. A magnesium-loading test was performed, and the normal range for magnesium retention was calculated. No correlation was demonstrated between different magnesium parameters within the normal range in these subjects.

Adolescent↗